Synaptic Mechanisms Regulating Mood State Transitions in Depression.

IF 12.1 1区 医学 Q1 NEUROSCIENCES
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-07-08 Epub Date: 2022-05-04 DOI:10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-040422
Puja K Parekh, Shane B Johnson, Conor Liston
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Depression is an episodic form of mental illness characterized by mood state transitions with poorly understood neurobiological mechanisms. Antidepressants reverse the effects of stress and depression on synapse function, enhancing neurotransmission, increasing plasticity, and generating new synapses in stress-sensitive brain regions. These properties are shared to varying degrees by all known antidepressants, suggesting that synaptic remodeling could play a key role in depression pathophysiology and antidepressant function. Still, it is unclear whether and precisely how synaptogenesis contributes to mood state transitions. Here, we review evidence supporting an emerging model in which depression is defined by a distinct brain state distributed across multiple stress-sensitive circuits, with neurons assuming altered functional properties, synapse configurations, and, importantly, a reduced capacity for plasticity and adaptation. Antidepressants act initially by facilitating plasticity and enabling a functional reconfiguration of this brain state. Subsequently, synaptogenesis plays a specific role in sustaining these changes over time.

调节抑郁情绪状态转换的突触机制。
抑郁症是一种发作性精神疾病,其特征是情绪状态的转变,其神经生物学机制尚不清楚。抗抑郁药可以逆转压力和抑郁对突触功能的影响,增强神经传递,增加可塑性,并在压力敏感的大脑区域产生新的突触。所有已知的抗抑郁药都在不同程度上具有这些特性,这表明突触重塑可能在抑郁症的病理生理学和抗抑郁功能中发挥关键作用。尽管如此,目前尚不清楚突触发生是否以及如何对情绪状态转换做出贡献。在这里,我们回顾了支持一种新兴模型的证据,在该模型中,抑郁症是由分布在多个压力敏感回路中的不同大脑状态定义的,神经元的功能特性、突触配置发生了改变,重要的是,可塑性和适应能力降低。抗抑郁药最初的作用是促进可塑性,并使这种大脑状态的功能重新配置。随后,突触发生在维持这些随时间变化中起着特定的作用。《神经科学年度评论》第45卷预计最终在线出版日期为2022年7月。请参阅http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates用于修订估算。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
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来源期刊
Annual review of neuroscience
Annual review of neuroscience 医学-神经科学
CiteScore
25.30
自引率
0.70%
发文量
29
期刊介绍: The Annual Review of Neuroscience is a well-established and comprehensive journal in the field of neuroscience, with a rich history and a commitment to open access and scholarly communication. The journal has been in publication since 1978, providing a long-standing source of authoritative reviews in neuroscience. The Annual Review of Neuroscience encompasses a wide range of topics within neuroscience, including but not limited to: Molecular and cellular neuroscience, Neurogenetics, Developmental neuroscience, Neural plasticity and repair, Systems neuroscience, Cognitive neuroscience, Behavioral neuroscience, Neurobiology of disease. Occasionally, the journal also features reviews on the history of neuroscience and ethical considerations within the field.
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