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Annual review of neuroscience最新文献

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Mechanisms Underlying the Neural Computation of Head Direction. 头部方向的神经计算机制。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2019-12-24 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031516
Brad K Hulse, Vivek Jayaraman
{"title":"Mechanisms Underlying the Neural Computation of Head Direction.","authors":"Brad K Hulse,&nbsp;Vivek Jayaraman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031516","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Many animals use an internal sense of direction to guide their movements through the world. Neurons selective to head direction are thought to support this directional sense and have been found in a diverse range of species, from insects to primates, highlighting their evolutionary importance. Across species, most head-direction networks share four key properties: a unique representation of direction at all times, persistent activity in the absence of movement, integration of angular velocity to update the representation, and the use of directional cues to correct drift. The dynamics of theorized network structures called ring attractors elegantly account for these properties, but their relationship to brain circuits is unclear. Here, we review experiments in rodents and flies that offer insights into potential neural implementations of ring attractor networks. We suggest that a theory-guided search across model systems for biological mechanisms that enable such dynamics would uncover general principles underlying head-direction circuit function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"31-54"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-072116-031516","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37488102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 69
The Neural Basis of Escape Behavior in Vertebrates. 脊椎动物逃跑行为的神经基础。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-04-07 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100219-122527
Tiago Branco, Peter Redgrave
{"title":"The Neural Basis of Escape Behavior in Vertebrates.","authors":"Tiago Branco,&nbsp;Peter Redgrave","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-100219-122527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100219-122527","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Escape is one of the most studied animal behaviors, and there is a rich normative theory that links threat properties to evasive actions and their timing. The behavioral principles of escape are evolutionarily conserved and rely on elementary computational steps such as classifying sensory stimuli and executing appropriate movements. These are common building blocks of general adaptive behaviors. Here we consider the computational challenges required for escape behaviors to be implemented, discuss possible algorithmic solutions, and review some of the underlying neural circuits and mechanisms. We outline shared neural principles that can be implemented by evolutionarily ancient neural systems to generate escape behavior, to which cortical encephalization has been added to allow for increased sophistication and flexibility in responding to threat.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"417-439"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100219-122527","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37810218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 54
Calcium Signaling in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage: Regulators and Consequences. 少突胶质细胞谱系中的钙信号传导:调节因子和后果。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-02-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-100719-093305
Pablo M Paez, David A Lyons
{"title":"Calcium Signaling in the Oligodendrocyte Lineage: Regulators and Consequences.","authors":"Pablo M Paez,&nbsp;David A Lyons","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-100719-093305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100719-093305","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cells of the oligodendrocyte lineage express a wide range of Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels and receptors that regulate oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC) and oligodendrocyte formation and function. Here we define those key channels and receptors that regulate Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling and OPC development and myelination. We then discuss how the regulation of intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> in turn affects OPC and oligodendrocyte biology in the healthy nervous system and under pathological conditions. Activation of Ca<sup>2+</sup> channels and receptors in OPCs and oligodendrocytes by neurotransmitters converges on regulating intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup>, making Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling a central candidate mediator of activity-driven myelination. Indeed, recent evidence indicates that localized changes in Ca<sup>2+</sup> in oligodendrocytes can regulate the formation and remodeling of myelin sheaths and perhaps additional functions of oligodendrocytes and OPCs. Thus, decoding how OPCs and myelinating oligodendrocytes integrate and process Ca<sup>2+</sup> signals will be important to fully understand central nervous system formation, health, and function.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"163-186"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-100719-093305","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37658965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 36
Synaptic Plasticity Forms and Functions. 突触可塑性的形式和功能。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-02-19 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-090919-022842
Jeffrey C Magee, Christine Grienberger
{"title":"Synaptic Plasticity Forms and Functions.","authors":"Jeffrey C Magee,&nbsp;Christine Grienberger","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-090919-022842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-090919-022842","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Synaptic plasticity, the activity-dependent change in neuronal connection strength, has long been considered an important component of learning and memory. Computational and engineering work corroborate the power of learning through the directed adjustment of connection weights. Here we review the fundamental elements of four broadly categorized forms of synaptic plasticity and discuss their functional capabilities and limitations. Although standard, correlation-based, Hebbian synaptic plasticity has been the primary focus of neuroscientists for decades, it is inherently limited. Three-factor plasticity rules supplement Hebbian forms with neuromodulation and eligibility traces, while true supervised types go even further by adding objectives and instructive signals. Finally, a recently discovered hippocampal form of synaptic plasticity combines the above elements, while leaving behind the primary Hebbian requirement. We suggest that the effort to determine the neural basis of adaptive behavior could benefit from renewed experimental and theoretical investigation of more powerful directed types of synaptic plasticity.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"95-117"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-090919-022842","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37658968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 261
Mechanosensitive Ion Channels: Structural Features Relevant to Mechanotransduction Mechanisms. 机械敏感离子通道:与机械转导机制相关的结构特征。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-02-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050509
Peng Jin, Lily Yeh Jan, Yuh-Nung Jan
{"title":"Mechanosensitive Ion Channels: Structural Features Relevant to Mechanotransduction Mechanisms.","authors":"Peng Jin,&nbsp;Lily Yeh Jan,&nbsp;Yuh-Nung Jan","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050509","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Activation of mechanosensitive ion channels underlies a variety of fundamental physiological processes that require sensation of mechanical force. Different mechanosensitive channels adapt distinctive structures and mechanotransduction mechanisms to fit their biological roles. How mechanosensitive channels work, especially in animals, has been extensively studied in the past decade. Here we review key findings in the functional and structural characterizations of these channels and highlight the structural features relevant to the mechanotransduction mechanism of each specific channel.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"207-229"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050509","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37666401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 115
Impairments to Consolidation, Reconsolidation, and Long-Term Memory Maintenance Lead to Memory Erasure. 对巩固、再巩固和长期记忆维护的损害导致记忆消除。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-02-25 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-091319-024636
Josué Haubrich, Matteo Bernabo, Andrew G Baker, Karim Nader
{"title":"Impairments to Consolidation, Reconsolidation, and Long-Term Memory Maintenance Lead to Memory Erasure.","authors":"Josué Haubrich,&nbsp;Matteo Bernabo,&nbsp;Andrew G Baker,&nbsp;Karim Nader","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-091319-024636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-091319-024636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An enduring problem in neuroscience is determining whether cases of amnesia result from eradication of the memory trace (storage impairment) or if the trace is present but inaccessible (retrieval impairment). The most direct approach to resolving this question is to quantify changes in the brain mechanisms of long-term memory (BM-LTM). This approach argues that if the amnesia is due to a retrieval failure, BM-LTM should remain at levels comparable to trained, unimpaired animals. Conversely, if memories are erased, BM-LTM should be reduced to resemble untrained levels. Here we review the use of BM-LTM in a number of studies that induced amnesia by targeting memory maintenance or reconsolidation. The literature strongly suggests that such amnesia is due to storage rather than retrieval impairments. We also describe the shortcomings of the purely behavioral protocol that purports to show recovery from amnesia as a method of understanding the nature of amnesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"297-314"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-091319-024636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37675708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 25
The Anatomy and Physiology of Claustrum-Cortex Interactions. 屏状体-皮层相互作用的解剖学和生理学。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-02-21 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-092519-101637
Jesse Jackson, Jared B Smith, Albert K Lee
{"title":"The Anatomy and Physiology of Claustrum-Cortex Interactions.","authors":"Jesse Jackson,&nbsp;Jared B Smith,&nbsp;Albert K Lee","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-092519-101637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-092519-101637","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The claustrum is one of the most widely connected regions of the forebrain, yet its function has remained obscure, largely due to the experimentally challenging nature of targeting this small, thin, and elongated brain area. However, recent advances in molecular techniques have enabled the anatomy and physiology of the claustrum to be studied with the spatiotemporal and cell type-specific precision required to eventually converge on what this area does. Here we review early anatomical and electrophysiological results from cats and primates, as well as recent work in the rodent, identifying the connectivity, cell types, and physiological circuit mechanisms underlying the communication between the claustrum and the cortex. The emerging picture is one in which the rodent claustrum is closely tied to frontal/limbic regions and plays a role in processes, such as attention, that are associated with these areas.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"231-247"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-092519-101637","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37666402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 41
Endogenous Opioids at the Intersection of Opioid Addiction, Pain, and Depression: The Search for a Precision Medicine Approach. 阿片类药物成瘾、疼痛和抑郁交汇处的内源性阿片类药物：寻找精准医学方法》。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-02-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-110719-095912
Michael A Emery, Huda Akil
{"title":"Endogenous Opioids at the Intersection of Opioid Addiction, Pain, and Depression: The Search for a Precision Medicine Approach.","authors":"Michael A Emery, Huda Akil","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-110719-095912","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-110719-095912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Opioid addiction and overdose are at record levels in the United States. This is driven, in part, by their widespread prescription for the treatment of pain, which also increased opportunity for diversion by sensation-seeking users. Despite considerable research on the neurobiology of addiction, treatment options for opioid abuse remain limited. Mood disorders, particularly depression, are often comorbid with both pain disorders and opioid abuse. The endogenous opioid system, a complex neuromodulatory system, sits at the neurobiological convergence point of these three comorbid disease states. We review evidence for dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system as a mechanism for the development of opioid addiction and/or mood disorder. Specifically, individual differences in opioid system function may underlie differences in vulnerability to opioid addiction and mood disorders. We also review novel research, which promises to provide more detailed understanding of individual differences in endogenous opioid neurobiology and its contribution to opioid addiction susceptibility.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"355-374"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7646290/pdf/nihms-1615417.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37685386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
3D Brain Organoids: Studying Brain Development and Disease Outside the Embryo. 3D脑类器官:研究胚胎外的大脑发育和疾病。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050154
Silvia Velasco, Bruna Paulsen, Paola Arlotta
{"title":"3D Brain Organoids: Studying Brain Development and Disease Outside the Embryo.","authors":"Silvia Velasco,&nbsp;Bruna Paulsen,&nbsp;Paola Arlotta","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050154","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Scientists have been fascinated by the human brain for centuries, yet knowledge of the cellular and molecular events that build the human brain during embryogenesis and of how abnormalities in this process lead to neurological disease remains very superficial. In particular, the lack of experimental models for a process that largely occurs during human in utero development, and is therefore poorly accessible for study, has hindered progress in mechanistic understanding. Advances in stem cell-derived models of human organogenesis, in the form of three-dimensional organoid cultures, and transformative new analytic technologies have opened new experimental pathways for investigation of aspects of development, evolution, and pathology of the human brain. Here, we consider the biology of brain organoids, compared and contrasted with the endogenous human brain, and highlight experimental strategies to use organoids to pioneer new understanding of human brain pathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"375-389"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-070918-050154","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38132217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 49
The Drosophila Mushroom Body: From Architecture to Algorithm in a Learning Circuit. 果蝇蘑菇体:从架构到学习电路中的算法。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2020-07-08 Epub Date: 2020-04-13 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-0621333
Mehrab N Modi, Yichun Shuai, Glenn C Turner
{"title":"The <i>Drosophila</i> Mushroom Body: From Architecture to Algorithm in a Learning Circuit.","authors":"Mehrab N Modi,&nbsp;Yichun Shuai,&nbsp;Glenn C Turner","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-0621333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-0621333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The <i>Drosophila</i> brain contains a relatively simple circuit for forming Pavlovian associations, yet it achieves many operations common across memory systems. Recent advances have established a clear framework for <i>Drosophila</i> learning and revealed the following key operations: <i>a</i>) pattern separation, whereby dense combinatorial representations of odors are preprocessed to generate highly specific, nonoverlapping odor patterns used for learning; <i>b</i>) convergence, in which sensory information is funneled to a small set of output neurons that guide behavioral actions; <i>c</i>) plasticity, where changing the mapping of sensory input to behavioral output requires a strong reinforcement signal, which is also modulated by internal state and environmental context; and <i>d</i>) modularization, in which a memory consists of multiple parallel traces, which are distinct in stability and flexibility and exist in anatomically well-defined modules within the network. Cross-module interactions allow for higher-order effects where past experience influences future learning. Many of these operations have parallels with processes of memory formation and action selection in more complex brains.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"43 ","pages":"465-484"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2020-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080317-0621333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37829620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 106
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