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Annual review of neuroscience最新文献

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How Flies See Motion. 苍蝇是如何看到运动的。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-080422-111929
Alexander Borst, Lukas N Groschner
{"title":"How Flies See Motion.","authors":"Alexander Borst,&nbsp;Lukas N Groschner","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-080422-111929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-080422-111929","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How neurons detect the direction of motion is a prime example of neural computation: Motion vision is found in the visual systems of virtually all sighted animals, it is important for survival, and it requires interesting computations with well-defined linear and nonlinear processing steps-yet the whole process is of moderate complexity. The genetic methods available in the fruit fly <i>Drosophila</i> and the charting of a connectome of its visual system have led to rapid progress and unprecedented detail in our understanding of how neurons compute the direction of motion in this organism. The picture that emerged incorporates not only the identity, morphology, and synaptic connectivity of each neuron involved but also its neurotransmitters, its receptors, and their subcellular localization. Together with the neurons' membrane potential responses to visual stimulation, this information provides the basis for a biophysically realistic model of the circuit that computes the direction of visual motion.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"46 ","pages":"17-37"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9867300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Astrocyte Endfeet in Brain Function and Pathology: Open Questions. 星形胶质细胞末梢在脑功能和病理学中的作用：悬而未决的问题。
IF 12.1 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Epub Date: 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-091922-031205
Blanca Díaz-Castro, Stefanie Robel, Anusha Mishra
{"title":"Astrocyte Endfeet in Brain Function and Pathology: Open Questions.","authors":"Blanca Díaz-Castro, Stefanie Robel, Anusha Mishra","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-091922-031205","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-091922-031205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Astrocyte endfeet enwrap the entire vascular tree within the central nervous system, where they perform important functions in regulating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), cerebral blood flow, nutrient uptake, and waste clearance. Accordingly, astrocyte endfeet contain specialized organelles and proteins, including local protein translation machinery and highly organized scaffold proteins, which anchor channels, transporters, receptors, and enzymes critical for astrocyte-vascular interactions. Many neurological diseases are characterized by the loss of polarization of specific endfoot proteins, vascular dysregulation, BBB disruption, altered waste clearance, or, in extreme cases, loss of endfoot coverage. A role for astrocyte endfeet has been demonstrated or postulated in many of these conditions. This review provides an overview of the development, composition, function, and pathological changes of astrocyte endfeet and highlights the gaps in our knowledge that future research should address.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"46 ","pages":"101-121"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10164141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cholesterol Metabolism in Aging and Age-Related Disorders. 衰老和年龄相关疾病中的胆固醇代谢。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-07-10 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-091922-034237
Gesine Saher
{"title":"Cholesterol Metabolism in Aging and Age-Related Disorders.","authors":"Gesine Saher","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-091922-034237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-091922-034237","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>All mammalian cell membranes contain cholesterol to maintain membrane integrity. The transport of this hydrophobic lipid is mediated by lipoproteins. Cholesterol is especially enriched in the brain, particularly in synaptic and myelin membranes. Aging involves changes in sterol metabolism in peripheral organs and also in the brain. Some of those alterations have the potential to promote or to counteract the development of neurodegenerative diseases during aging. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of general principles of sterol metabolism in humans and mice, the most widely used model organism in biomedical research. We discuss changes in sterol metabolism that occur in the aged brain and highlight recent developments in cell type-specific cholesterol metabolism in the fast-growing research field of aging and age-related diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease. We propose that cell type-specific cholesterol handling and the interplay between cell types critically influence age-related disease processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"46 ","pages":"59-78"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9867291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
How Instructions, Learning, and Expectations Shape Pain and Neurobiological Responses. 指令、学习和期望如何塑造疼痛和神经生物学反应。
IF 12.1 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Epub Date: 2023-03-14 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-101822-122427
Lauren Y Atlas
{"title":"How Instructions, Learning, and Expectations Shape Pain and Neurobiological Responses.","authors":"Lauren Y Atlas","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-101822-122427","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-101822-122427","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Treatment outcomes are strongly influenced by expectations, as evidenced by the placebo effect. Meta-analyses of clinical trials reveal that placebo effects are strongest in pain, indicating that psychosocial factors directly influence pain. In this review, I focus on the neural and psychological mechanisms by which instructions, learning, and expectations shape subjective pain. I address new experimental designs that help researchers tease apart the impact of these distinct processes and evaluate the evidence regarding the neural mechanisms by which these cognitive factors shape subjective pain. Studies reveal that expectations modulate pain through parallel circuits that include both pain-specific and domain-general circuits such as those involved in affect and learning. I then review how expectations, learning, and verbal instructions impact clinical outcomes, including placebo analgesia and responses to pharmacological treatments, and discuss implications for future work.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"46 ","pages":"167-189"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11793868/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10146991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spinal Interneurons: Diversity and Connectivity in Motor Control. 脊髓间神经元：运动控制中的多样性和连接性
IF 12.1 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2023-07-10 Epub Date: 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-083122-025325
Mohini Sengupta, Martha W Bagnall
{"title":"Spinal Interneurons: Diversity and Connectivity in Motor Control.","authors":"Mohini Sengupta, Martha W Bagnall","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-083122-025325","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-083122-025325","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The spinal cord is home to the intrinsic networks for locomotion. An animal in which the spinal cord has been fully severed from the brain can still produce rhythmic, patterned locomotor movements as long as some excitatory drive is provided, such as physical, pharmacological, or electrical stimuli. Yet it remains a challenge to define the underlying circuitry that produces these movements because the spinal cord contains a wide variety of neuron classes whose patterns of interconnectivity are still poorly understood. Computational models of locomotion accordingly rely on untested assumptions about spinal neuron network element identity and connectivity. In this review, we consider the classes of spinal neurons, their interconnectivity, and the significance of their circuit connections along the long axis of the spinal cord. We suggest several lines of analysis to move toward a definitive understanding of the spinal network.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"46 ","pages":"79-99"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11580138/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10146438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fluorescence Imaging of Neural Activity, Neurochemical Dynamics, and Drug-Specific Receptor Conformation with Genetically Encoded Sensors. 利用基因编码传感器对神经活动、神经化学动态和药物特异性受体构象进行荧光成像。
IF 12.1 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-07-08 Epub Date: 2022-03-22 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-110520-031137
Chunyang Dong, Yu Zheng, Kiran Long-Iyer, Emily C Wright, Yulong Li, Lin Tian
{"title":"Fluorescence Imaging of Neural Activity, Neurochemical Dynamics, and Drug-Specific Receptor Conformation with Genetically Encoded Sensors.","authors":"Chunyang Dong, Yu Zheng, Kiran Long-Iyer, Emily C Wright, Yulong Li, Lin Tian","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-110520-031137","DOIUrl":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-110520-031137","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent advances in fluorescence imaging permit large-scale recording of neural activity and dynamics of neurochemical release with unprecedented resolution in behaving animals. Calcium imaging with highly optimized genetically encoded indicators provides a mesoscopic view of neural activity from genetically defined populations at cellular and subcellular resolutions. Rigorously improved voltage sensors and microscopy allow for robust spike imaging of populational neurons in various brain regions. In addition, recent protein engineering efforts in the past few years have led to the development of sensors for neurotransmitters and neuromodulators. Here, we discuss the development and applications of these genetically encoded fluorescent indicators in reporting neural activity in response to various behaviors in different biological systems as well as in drug discovery. We also report a simple model to guide sensor selection and optimization.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"45 ","pages":"273-294"},"PeriodicalIF":12.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9940643/pdf/nihms-1874004.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10740843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Neuroscientific Evidence for Processing Without Awareness. 无意识加工的神经科学证据。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-033151
Liad Mudrik, Leon Y Deouell
{"title":"Neuroscientific Evidence for Processing Without Awareness.","authors":"Liad Mudrik,&nbsp;Leon Y Deouell","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-033151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-110920-033151","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The extent to which we are affected by perceptual input of which we are unaware is widely debated. By measuring neural responses to sensory stimulation, neuroscientific data could complement behavioral results with valuable evidence. Here we review neuroscientific findings of processing of high-level information, as well as interactions with attention and memory. Although the results are mixed, we find initial support for processing object categories and words, possibly to the semantic level, as well as emotional expressions. Robust neural evidence for face individuation and integration of sentences or scenes is lacking. Attention affects the processing of stimuli that are not consciously perceived, and such stimuli may exogenously but not endogenously capture attention when relevant, and be maintained in memory over time. Sources of inconsistency in the literature include variability in control for awareness as well as individual differences, calling for future studies that adopt stricter measures of awareness and probe multiple processes within subjects.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"403-423"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40495729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
The Cerebellar Cortex. 小脑皮层。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-091421-125115
Court Hull, Wade G Regehr
{"title":"The Cerebellar Cortex.","authors":"Court Hull,&nbsp;Wade G Regehr","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-091421-125115","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-091421-125115","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cerebellar cortex is an important system for relating neural circuits and learning. Its promise reflects the longstanding idea that it contains simple, repeated circuit modules with only a few cell types and a single plasticity mechanism that mediates learning according to classical Marr-Albus models. However, emerging data have revealed surprising diversity in neuron types, synaptic connections, and plasticity mechanisms, both locally and regionally within the cerebellar cortex. In light of these findings, it is not surprising that attempts to generate a holistic model of cerebellar learning across different behaviors have not been successful. While the cerebellum remains an ideal system for linking neuronal function with behavior, it is necessary to update the cerebellar circuit framework to achieve its great promise. In this review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of cerebellar-cortical cell types, synaptic connections, signaling mechanisms, and forms of plasticity that enrich cerebellar processing.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"45 ","pages":"151-175"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10268027/pdf/nihms-1907068.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9817513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Neural Signaling in Cancer. 癌症中的神经信号传导。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-092702
Michael B Keough, Michelle Monje
{"title":"Neural Signaling in Cancer.","authors":"Michael B Keough,&nbsp;Michelle Monje","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-092702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-092702","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nervous system activity regulates development, homeostasis, and plasticity of the brain as well as other organs in the body. These mechanisms are subverted in cancer to propel malignant growth. In turn, cancers modulate neural structure and function to augment growth-promoting neural signaling in the tumor microenvironment. Approaching cancer biology from a neuroscience perspective will elucidate new therapeutic strategies for presently lethal forms of cancer. In this review, we highlight the neural signaling mechanisms recapitulated in primary brain tumors, brain metastases, and solid tumors throughout the body that regulate cancer progression.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":"45 ","pages":"199-221"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10234771/pdf/nihms-1900752.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9935036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Functional Ultrasound Neuroimaging. 功能超声神经成像。
IF 13.9 1区 医学
Annual review of neuroscience Pub Date : 2022-07-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-100706
Gabriel Montaldo, Alan Urban, Emilie Macé
{"title":"Functional Ultrasound Neuroimaging.","authors":"Gabriel Montaldo,&nbsp;Alan Urban,&nbsp;Emilie Macé","doi":"10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-100706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-100706","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Functional ultrasound (fUS) is a neuroimaging method that uses ultrasound to track changes in cerebral blood volume as an indirect readout of neuronal activity at high spatiotemporal resolution. fUS is capable of imaging head-fixed or freely behaving rodents and of producing volumetric images of the entire mouse brain. It has been applied to many species, including primates and humans. Now that fUS is reaching maturity, it is being adopted by the neuroscience community. However, the nature of the fUS signal and the different implementations of fUS are not necessarily accessible to nonspecialists. This review aims to introduce these ultrasound concepts to all neuroscientists. We explain the physical basis of the fUS signal and the principles of the method, present the state of the art of its hardware implementation, and give concrete examples of current applications in neuroscience. Finally, we suggest areas for improvement during the next few years.</p>","PeriodicalId":8008,"journal":{"name":"Annual review of neuroscience","volume":" ","pages":"491-513"},"PeriodicalIF":13.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40495728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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