Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita最新文献

{"title":"Influenza and Covid-19 Vaccination in 2023: a descriptive analysis in two Italian Research and Teaching Hospitals. Is the On-Site strategy effective?","authors":"Pier Mario Perrone, Simone Villa, Giuseppina Maria Raciti, Laura Clementoni, Valentina Vegro, Francesco Scovenna, Augusto Altavilla, Adriana Monica Tomoiaga, Valentina Beltrami, Ilaria Bruno, Marcello Vaccargiu, Elisa Astorri, Navpreet Tiwana, Matteo Letzgus, Peter Johannes Schulz, Fabrizio Ernesto Pregliasco, Silvana Castaldi","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2606","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Vaccinations represent an extremely effective tool for the prevention of certain infectious diseases - such as influenza and COVID-19 -, particularly for those categories at risk due to both their frail condition or professional exposure, such as healthcare workers. The aim of this study is to describe the course of the anti-influenza and anti-COVID-19 vaccination campaign at two Research Hospitals in Milan, Italy.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Multicentre, cross-sectional study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For the 2023-24 vaccination campaign, the two facilities opted for two different approaches. At the Hospital A, two dif-ferent strategies for vaccinating healthcare workers were implemented: a fixed-site vaccination clinic and two mobile vaccination groups run by Public Health residents of the University of Milan. At the Hospital B, on the other hand, a single fixed-site outpatient clinic run by Public Health residents of the University of Milan was used. On the occasion of the campaign, a survey was also carried out using anonymous online questionnaires to investigate healthcare workers attitudes towards vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1,937 healthcare workers were vaccinated: 756 were immunized against influenza only, 99 against COVID-19 only, and 1,082 against both. The results show a substantial difference in vaccination adherence among medical and nursing staff compared to other professional categories. In particular, the category with the highest vaccination adhesion turned out to be that of medical doctors with 55.7% adhesion while, on the contrary, the category with the lowest adhesion turned out to be that of auxiliary personnel characterized by 7.4% adhesion. At the same time, the comparison between the two hospital facilities showed a double adherence rate by the staff of Hospital A as regards both the flu vaccine (40.6% and 20.1%) and the anti-COVID-19 vaccine (26.4% and 12.3%). Finally, the survey showed that the attitude towards influenza vaccination is lower among auxiliary staff in terms of both knowledge and vaccination attitude.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The results of the study show a vaccination adherence in line with that of previous years, although lower than the values recommended by the principal national and international Organizations. The analysis of the differences between the two facilities and the surveys carried out will allow for the implementation of targeted interventions to increase adherence in future campaigns.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"421-431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140206257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of bullet holes in mummified corpse.","authors":"K S Bisogni, F Magli, I A Galassi","doi":"10.7417/CT.2024.5101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2024.5101","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The evaluation of the cause of death in a forensic context is often challenging especially when the corpse is in a severely altered state (decomposed, skeletonized, charred, dismembered, etc.), thus making it difficult to obtain an overview of the features and/or lesions suggestive of the dynamics leading to death.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>In this case, the corpse was partly in a state of saponification and partly in a state of mummification with signs of skeletonization. The head, trunk, arms and upper legs were mummified and almost completely dehydrated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The use of special techniques such as the rehydration of bodies is an ancient practice. Parts of skin in different states of decomposition with the use of rehydration solution represents a useful procedure for the study of some damaging modalities, being able to identify damaged areas characterized by compression/dehydration effects, hidden by the advanced transformative state of the corpse, highlighting very damaged, in which skin normality can no longer be restored.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":"175 Suppl 2(4)","pages":"134-137"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141888234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide wipes for surface disinfection in healthcare facilities.","authors":"Marco Lopuzzo, Maria Teresa Montagna, Francesco Triggiano, Giuseppina Caggiano","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2621","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2621","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The correct method of surface disinfection in hospitals is an essential tool in the fight against the spread of healthcare-associated infections caused by multi-resistant microorganisms. Currently, there are many disinfectants on the market that can be used against different microorganisms. However, the effectiveness of different active molecules is controversial in the literature.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of wipes based on hydrogen peroxide (1.0 %) and highly specific plant-based surfactants, contained in H2O2TM (Hi-speed H2O2TM) products, against some hospital-associated microorganisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The effectiveness of the wipes was tested against nosocomial and control strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida parapsilosis. Specifically, in vitro activity was assessed using three different techniques: stainless steel surface testing, surface diffusion testing and well diffusion test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The three different methods tested confirm the wipes' good effectiveness against the most common multi-resistant bacteria and against fungi.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These data show that the tested wipes could be a valid adjunct to the disinfection process and could assist in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"487-497"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140304485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on emergency and elective surgery. A retrospective observational analysis in Apulia, southern Italy.","authors":"Francesco Paolo Bianchi, Antonio Daleno, Donato Rizzi, Giovanni Migliore, Silvio Tafuri","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2612","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In Italy, at the beginning of the COVID19 pandemic, only emergency and life-saving elective surgical procedures were allowed with obvious limitations in terms of numbers of operable cases. The aim of our study is to evaluate the performance of surgical activities by Apulian healthcare facilities (Southern Italy) under the pandemic emergency pressure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The surgical procedures in study were identified via the Apulian regional archive of hospital discharge forms. We used the ICD9 codes in order to define the elective and urgency surgeries in analysis, and we extended our search to all procedures performed from 2019 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of all procedures decreased from 2019 to 2020; the reduction was higher for elective surgery (-43.7%) than urgency surgery (-15.5%). In 2021, an increase compared to 2020 was recorded for all procedures; nevertheless, elective surgeries registered a further slightly decrease compared to 2019 (-12.4%), while a slightly increase was observed for urgency surgeries (+3.5%). No particular variation was observed considering sex and age at surgery of the patients, and days of hospitalization from 2019 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The impact of COVID19 on Apulian regional health system has been extremely shocked and has required the implementation of strategies aimed at containing the infection and guaranteeing health services as far as possible. A new paradigm of hospital care for SARS-COV-2 patients in the post-emergency phase in Italy is needed, in order to optimize the resources available and to guarantee high standards of quality and efficiency for citizens.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"414-420"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139929687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring future perspectives and pipeline progression in vaccine research and development.","authors":"Riccardo Vecchio, Leandro Gentile, Silvio Tafuri, Claudio Costantino, Anna Odone","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2614","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic had a profound impact on vaccines' Research and Development, on vaccines' market, and on immunization programmes and policies. The need to promptly respond to the health emergency boostered resources' al-location and innovation, while new technologies were made available. Regulatory procedures were revised and expedited, and global production and distribution capacities significantly increased. Aim of this review is to outline the trajectory of research in vaccinology and vaccines' pipeline, highlighting major challenges and opportunities, and projecting future perspectives in vaccine preventables diseases' prevention and control.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Narrative review.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We comprehensively consulted key biomedical databases including \"Medline\" and \"Embase\", preprint platforms, including\"MedRxiv\" and \"BioRxiv\", clinical trial registries, selected grey literature sources and scientific reports. Further data and insights were collected from experts in the field. We first reflect on the impact that the COVID-19 had on vaccines' Research and Development, regulatory frameworks, and market, we then present updated figures of vaccines pipeline, by different technologies, comparatively highlighting advantages and disadvantages. We conclude summarizing future perspectives in vaccines' development and immunizations strategies, outlining key challenges, knowledge gaps and opportunities for prevention strategies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>COVID-19 vaccines' development has been largely supported by public funding. New technologies and expetited autho-rization and distribution processes allowed to control the pandemic, leading vaccines' market to grow exponentially. In the post-pandemic era investments in prevention are projected to decrease but advancements in technology offer great potential to future immunization strategies. As of 2023, the vaccine pipeline include almost 1,000 candidates, at different Research and Development phase, including innovative recombinant protein vaccines, nucleic acid vaccines and viral vector vaccines. Vaccines' technology platforms development varies by disease. Overall, vaccinology is progressing towards increasingly safe and effective products that are easily manufacturable and swiftly convertible.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Vaccine research is rapidly evolving, emerging technologies and new immunization models offer public health new tools and large potential to fight vaccines preventables diseases, with promising new platforms and broadened target populations. Real-life data analysis and operational research is needed to evaluate how such potential is exploited in public health practice to improve population health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"446-461"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140020790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trust in Conventional Healthcare and Utilization of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in South Tyrol, Italy: A Population-Based Cross-Sectional Survey.","authors":"Verena Barbieri, Stefano Lombardo, Timon Gärtner, Giuliano Piccoliori, Adolf Engl, Christian J Wiedermann","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2605","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2605","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study explored the link between trust in conventional healthcare and consultations with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) providers in South Tyrol, Italy's linguistically diverse region.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A representative cross-sectional survey of 1,388 South Tyrolean adults assessed trust in conventional healthcare, general practitioners, and complementary and alternative medicine consultation frequencies and their determinants using chi-square tests and Kendall-Tau-b correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seventy percent trusted the traditional healthcare system, with general practitioners as the primary trusted professionals. Trust is correlated with higher education and linguistic compatibility. A 5% subgroup, mostly women and multilinguals with lower education levels, showed uncertain trust. Over 80% had seen a general practitioner in the last year, while distrust was correlated with complementary and alternative medicine consultations. German and Ladin speakers, with higher education levels, were notably inclined towards complementary and alternative medicine consultations.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trust in South Tyrolean healthcare varied according to education level and language. While general practitioners remain central, there is a marked shift towards complementary and alternative medicine among specific groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"377-391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139929689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Immunity in the Cohort of IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital Employees after BNT162b2 Vaccination: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Manuele Stocchi, Pietro Melodia, Alessandra Lucini, Rebecca De Lorenzo, Carola Pozzi, Patrizia Rovere-Querini, Anna Odone, Cristina Renzi, Carlo Signorelli","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2615","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2615","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic represents the most severe health and socioeconomic crisis of our century. It began with the first reports in China, in the Wuhan region in December 2019, and quickly spread worldwide, causing a new Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Among the population most at risk of infection and developing severe forms of the disease are the elderly and healthcare workers, who are more exposed to infected individuals. On December 11, 2020, the Food and Drug Administration approved the emergency use of the BNT162b2 vaccine, the first mRNA vaccine in history. Since then, the total number of vaccine doses administered has exceeded 12 billion. Italy was the first European country to be affected by the pandemic, recording the highest number of total COVID-19 cases (25,695,311) and, after the first 70 days, had the highest crude mortality rate (141.0 per 100,000). In this study, we analyze the rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers at the San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan before and after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective observational cohort study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analyzed the immunization status of 858 employees of the San Raffaele Scientific Institute in Milan, including doctors, healthcare workers, and administrative staff. The analysis is based on previous studies on the same cohort and is integrated with extrapolation and additional analysis of data from the Preventive Medicine Service's Biobank dataset of the same hospital to estimate the infection rate, duration of the disease, and antibody levels recorded in the personnel before and after receiving the double BNT162b2 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis confirms the positive impact achieved by the introduction of mRNA vaccination in reducing the SARS-CoV-2 infection rate and increasing antibody levels in healthcare workers. Although the BNT162b2 vaccination may not provide complete protection against SARS-CoV-2, it appears to be able to reduce the number of infections, particularly the more severe and symptomatic forms often detected in individuals with various risk factors and comorbidities, making them more vulnerable. Healthcare workers, who have extensive contact with patients and record the greatest decrease in the infection rates, represent the population that receives the most benefit from vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The evidence suggests that vaccinations are essential in protecting high-risk groups, such as healthcare workers, from SARS-CoV-2 infection. Providing adequate vaccination coverage to healthcare workers limits the spread of infections and decreases the severity of disease manifestations, while also reducing their duration.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"432-445"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139929686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese Encephalitis can be devastating.","authors":"Pier Luigi Lopalco, Luigi Roberto Biasio","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2616","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2616","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Japanese encephalitis, caused by the JE virus transmitted by mosquitoes, is the most common type of epidemic encephalitis in Asia. It is endemic in most of South and Southeast Asia, but the number of cases can vary greatly between areas. While many infections do not lead to disease, the symptomatic cases can be very severe and life-threatening. It mainly affects children, whereas adults are generally immune to the disease due to either being infected in childhood or receiving vaccination. However, individuals who are not immune, such as travelers from non-endemic countries, are susceptible to the disease when exposed to the virus for the first time, regardless of age. Without antiviral treatment options, vaccination is the only strategy to establish effective protection against Japanese encephalitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"370-375"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140020792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The key role of public health in renovating Italian biomedical doctoral programs.","authors":"Lucia Palandri, Teresa Urbano, Carla Pezzuoli, Francesca Miselli, Riccardo Caraffi, Tommaso Filippini, Annalisa Bargellini, Elena Righi, Davide Mazzi, Giacomo Pietro Vigezzi, Anna Odone, Sandra Marmiroli, Giuseppe Boriani, Marco Vinceti","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2592","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2592","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A key renovation of doctoral programs is currently ongoing in Italy. Public health and its competencies may play a pivotal role in high-level training to scientific research, including interdisciplinary and methodological abilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>As a case study, we used the ongoing renovation of the Clinical and Experimental Medicine doctoral program at the University of Modena and Reggio Emilia. We focused on how the program is designed to meet national requirements as well as students' needs, thus improving educational standards for scientific research in the biomedical field, and on the specific contribution of public health and epidemiology in such an effort.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The renovation process of doctoral programs in Italy, with specific reference to the biomedical field, focuses on epidemiologic-statistical methodology, ethics, language and communication skills, and open science from an interdisciplinary and international perspective. In the specific context of the doctoral program assessed in the study and from a broader perspective, public health appears to play a key role, taking advantage of most recent methodological advancements, and contributing to the renovation of the learning process and its systematic quality monitoring.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>From a comparative assessment of this case study and Italian legislation, the key role of public health has emerged in the renovation process of doctoral programs in the biomedical field.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"353-362"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139484822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of stress and related factors among healthcare students: a cross - sectional study in Can Tho City, Vietnam.","authors":"Thanh-Thao Nguyen-Thi, Huu Minh Le, Trinh Lieu Chau, Hieu Trung Le, Tin Trung Pham, Nguyet Tu Tran, Quyen Phan Minh Ngo, Nhan Hong Pham, Dat Tan Nguyen","doi":"10.7416/ai.2023.2591","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2023.2591","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stress is a major public health issue that can impact both physical and mental well-being. It is prevalent in many areas of modern life, including education. Healthcare students are at a high risk of experiencing stress due to the unique demands of their fields of study.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>An online survey was conducted on 2,515 undergraduate students pursuing degrees in medicine, preventive medicine, pharmacy, and nursing at Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Can Tho City, Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), it was found that 35.2% of students reported mild stress, 62.7% had moderate stress, and only 2.1% experienced severe stress. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed nine significant factors associated with students' stress levels (p ≤ 0.05). Particularly, medicine students exhibited a significantly higher level of moderate and severe stress (95% CI = 1.22-2.01), 1.57 times higher than preventive medicine students. Sixth-year students had a stress level 1.58 times higher (95% CI = 1.11-2.26) than first-year students. Students achieving excellent and very good academic performances in the last semester had a stress level 1.60 times higher (95% CI = 1.16-2.22) than students with average and lower academic performance. Students living at home had a stress level 1.73 times higher (95% CI = 1.05-2.84) than students living in their relatives' houses. Students who rarely or never had a part-time job during academic years had a stress level 1.70 times higher (95% CI = 1.31-2.20) than those who often or sometimes had a part-time job. Students with a family history of smoking addiction had a stress level 1.69 times higher (95% CI = 1.28-2.22) than students without such a family history. Students who rarely or never received concern and sharing from family had a stress level 7.41 times higher (95% CI = 5.07-10.84) than students who often or sometimes received concern and sharing from family. Students who were often or sometimes cursed by family had a stress level 2.04 times higher (95% CI = 1.09-3.81) than students who were rarely or never cursed by family. Students without close friends had a stress level 1.46 times higher (95% CI = 1.11-1.91) than students with close friends.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rates of mild and moderate stress levels were significantly higher than severe stress level among healthcare students. Research has provided scientific findings as the basis for determining risk factors and imposing solutions that aim to reduce the rate of stress in students. Therefore, it helps students overcome difficulties and enhance their physical and mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"292-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138827799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}