Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita最新文献

{"title":"Firearm ownership and suicide: Has the time come to discuss uniformity of health and social assessments in aid of regulation? Reflection from a retrospective study on a forensic case series.","authors":"Alberto Blandino, Nicola Galante, Fabio Cuppone, Maddalena Giriodi, Guido Vittorio Travaini","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2648","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2648","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Firearm-related deaths are an issue of ongoing public interest, from a health and economic perspective. Worldwide, firearm prevalence in suicides varies widely, depending on multiple factors including the availability of weapons in each country. Although several studies have shown that national laws about gun ownership, reducing legal access to guns, decrease the risk of suicide by firearm, the current situation clashes with widely differing legislations.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Retrospective study on a forensic case series.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Autopsy reports assessed at the Section of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) from January 2014 to December 2023 were retrospectively documented. Only firearm suicides were considered. For each case, a close analysis of the criminal offence reports has been performed to obtain information about the gender and age of the victim, as well as the legal possession of firearms, psychiatric disorders, alcohol, and illicit drug abuse.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among all the 1,164 suicides assessed at the Section of Legal Medicine of Milan over a 10-year-period, 101 cases (8.7%) were firearm-related. The male to female ratio was therefore about 13:1. No seasonal trends were observed. Most of the individuals owned the firearm license. Of the entire dataset, 35.6% suffered from psychiatric disorders, 4% of alcohol abuse and 2% of drug addiction. Among the owners of a firearm license, 42.3% had psychiatric disorders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Knowledge about firearm suicide and its relation to firearm legal possession is limited and current preventive laws should be reconsidered. Present administrative and clinical examinations required to obtain a firearm license in Italy and in some European territories are dealt with. The evaluation of the firearm-related risk of abuse is an essential but complex procedure, which requires not only clinic-anamnestic data but also in-deep psychiatric information. There is a need to develop and reinvigorate a debate that currently presents very heterogeneous solutions, but which would probably benefit from a common vision of the prevention strategies that can be implemented and enacted for the benefit of the entire community.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"215-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141747281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migration and infectious disease risk: knowledge and perception among university students in two European countries.","authors":"Domitilla Marconi, Virginia Casigliani, Sara Mazzilli, Lara Tavoschi, Pier Luigi Lopalco","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2662","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2662","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the past years, migration has increasingly affected the European continent. The concerns of the local population about infection spread by migrants may increase as an unjustified stigma. Our study aimed to assess the knowledge and risk perception of infectious disease associated with migration among university students.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Between January and February 2020, we conducted an online survey in Italian and Spanish University students. We collected data on demographics, perception, and knowledge of infectious diseases associated with migration. We performed descriptive and risk factors analysis to assess the association among selected variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We collected 1,397 answers, 73.16% from Italian students and 26.84% from Spanish students, 34.54% and 38.67% enrolled in healthcare degrees, respectively. We found a statistically significant correlation between the knowledge of infectious diseases and the perception of the infectious risk associated with migration, not confirmed for the area of study. Healthcare students had the best levels of knowledge and perception of the migratory phenomenon, but the higher perception of infectious risk. Exposure to the media coverage about migration was associated with the worst perception of the migratory phenomenon and infectious risk.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study showed that, despite healthcare students had the best levels of knowledge, they had the highest risk perception of infectious diseases associated with migration. The inclusion of courses on migration medicine in current healthcare curricula and the increase of practical training could help to avoid the development of biased approaches towards migrants among healthcare professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"189-203"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccinations at home: a new strategy to contain vaccine hesitancy? The experience of ASL Napoli 1 Centro, Italy.","authors":"Marina Tesorone, Carla Ungaro, Luisa Graziano, Anna Vitagliano, Ida Luminoso, Maria Corvino, Marco Papa, Ciro Verdoliva","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2651","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2651","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Vaccination coverage are generally geographically variable, even within large cities; furthermore, across target population are embedded difficult-to-reach clusters. To address this issue and improve coverage of mandatory vaccinations, a study group explored bringing vaccination at home as an interventional strategy. In a pilot experience, parents of unvaccinated and under vaccinated children of the 2020 birth cohort living in Naples, Italy were contacted by telephone to offer home administration of vaccinations. A specifically trained team arranged vaccinations visits at home. Coverage rates were evaluated at baseline and one month after the intervention strategy. A significant positive increase in hexavalent vaccine (+1.43%) and measles-mumps-rubella (+1.85%) coverage was registered despite the short duration of the pilot program. Home vaccination turned out to be a medical resource consuming but feasible and successful strategy to increase mandatory vaccinations coverage among the most difficult-to-reach and fragile segments of the pediatric population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"235-240"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142279651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Best practices for disinfection in dental settings: insights from Italian and European regulations.","authors":"Francesco Triggiano, Enrico Veschetti, Federica Veneri, Maria Teresa Montagna, Osvalda De Giglio","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2670","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Disinfection practices in dental settings are fundamental to clinical safety, playing a pivotal role in preventing cross-infections and protecting the health of patients and healthcare professionals. This article examines the key components of effective disinfection, based on evidence-based protocols developed by international organizations such as the WHO and the U.S. CDC, alongside European and Italian regulatory standards. Dental instruments require stringent sterilization by autoclave or chemical methods, while high-level disinfection is essential for non-sterilizable items. Clinical surfaces require routine biocidal treatment tailored to microbial hazards and material compatibility. The European Biocidal Products Regulation and the Medical Devices Regulation provide critical oversight, ensuring product safety and effectiveness while preventing resistance. Antiseptics also play a vital role in oral care, with applications ranging from infection prevention to the treatment of periodontal disease, and are governed by strict regulatory frameworks. Disinfection effectiveness is significantly affected by factors such as microbial load, presence of biofilm, pH, temperature and biocide exposure time. Preventing bacterial resistance requires appropriate germicide selection, adherence to manufacturer protocols, robust sterilization and cleaning procedures. In addition, the increased use of disinfection during public health emergencies highlights the need for adaptability to mitigate evolving risks. Regular audits, biological tests, and training for healthcare personnel ensure the consistent application of these rigorous protocols. By integrating international and national standards, dental facilities achieve a uniform approach to hygiene and safety, advancing public trust and compliance. This article highlights the imperative for ongoing research and dissemination of best practices to enhance infection control in dental care environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"292-301"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142852239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Respiratory Syncytial Virus associated hospitalisations in children up to 6 years of age in Italy: a systematic review.","authors":"Angela Bechini, Cristina Salvati, Benedetta Bonito, Marco Del Riccio, Enrica Stancanelli, Mario Bruschi, Giulia Ionita, Johanna Iamarino, Davide Bentivegna, Primo Buscemi, Giulia Ciardi, Claudia Cosma, Lorenzo Stacchini, Sonia Paoli, Cristiana Conticello, Manjola Bega, Annamaria Schirripa, Lorenzo Bertizzolo, Barbara Muzii, Maria Vittoria Azzi, Salvatore Parisi, Francesca Trippi, Paolo Bonanni, Sara Boccalini","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2664","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Respiratory syncytial virus is a leading cause of respiratory hospitalisations in infants. This systematic review (registration number: CRD42021248309) aims to synthesise the available evidence on Respiratory Syncytial Virus-related hospitalisations among children aged 0 to 6 years in Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The literature search was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and International HTA, covering the period from January 2000 to July 2022, with a focus on studies that reported information on Respiratory Syncytial Virus-associated hospitalisation in children aged 0-6 years in Italy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight articles were included after screening 20,845 records. These retrospective studies reported that most hospitalisations were among those <1 year (71.5%-88.8%), infants aged <1 year were also at higher risk of hospitalisation in intensive care unit. Respiratory Syncytial Virus infections typically peaked December-February, with an atypical early start in August 2021. Subtype analysis showed alternating prevalence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus-A and Respiratory Syncytial Virus-B across different seasons. Coinfections were not uncommon (1.1%-37.4%), with rhinovirus and bocavirus being the most frequent.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All infants at their first Respiratory Syncytial Virus season showed an increased risk of severe infection and hospitalisation, regardless of the gestational age at birth, compared to older participants. This systematic review will enrich the understanding about Respiratory Syncytial Virus disease and help support decisions regarding prevention efforts in Italy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"241-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pulmonary embolism: incidence and outcomes in a twelve-year historical series, in Tuscany - Italy (2010-2021).","authors":"Gabriele Cerini, Carla Lunetta, Claudia Szasz, Leonardo Misuraca, Fabrizio Gemmi, Marisa Carluccio, Chiara Lorini, Guglielmo Bonaccorsi, Silvia Forni","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2649","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2649","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pulmonary embolism poses a global health concern. Administrative databases serve as valuable sources for broad epidemiological studies on the prevalence and incidence of major diagnoses or diseases. The primary scope is to provide up-to-date insights into Pulmonary Embolism incidence trends, examining shifts in management and outcomes.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>This retrospective observational study examines a 12-year dataset from hospitals in the Tuscany Region, covering the first two years of the Covid-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Administrative data from residents aged 18 and older discharged from hospital between 2010 and 2021 were used for the analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Hospitalized pulmonary embolism incidence slightly declined from 2010 to 2019 (64.7 to 60.9 x 100,000; p=0.152). Males under 75 showed a higher incidence rate, while females had higher incidence rates in older age groups. In-hospital and 30-day mortality decreased from 2010 to 2019 (p=0.001 and 0.020 respectively). In 2020, 30-day mortality increased (12.4% vs 10.1%, p=0.029), while in-hospital mortality remained stable. One-year mortality was stable from 2010-2019 but increased in 2020 (32.6% vs 29.4%, p=0.037). Considering the multivariable model, one-year mortality is significantly associated with sex, age, and comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study shows that Pulmonary Embolism persists as a relevant burden in Tuscany region, but with improvements in management over the past decade and a decisive change in pharmacological treatment. Gender-related differences emerge, highlighting the need for a gender-specific healthcare approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"281-291"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141756711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental and Climate Challenges: Implications for Food Safety, Food Security, and Public Health Protection.","authors":"Michele Fernando Panunzio, Maria Teresa Montagna, Rachele Maria Russo","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2665","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2665","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"302-304"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142646796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organisational management of the time-dependent network for the treatment of acute coronary syndrome.","authors":"Elena Capitani, Nicola Nante, Emanuele Montomoli, Ugo Limbruno, Antonio Biancofiore, Elio Aloia, Ahmed Mohammed, Federico Taddeini, Sandro Limaj, Maria Giovanna D'Amato, Roberto Turillazzi, Assunta De Luca, Antonio D'Urso","doi":"10.7416/ai.2025.2688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2025.2688","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Introduction: &lt;/strong&gt;Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Italy, being responsible for 227,350 deaths in 2020, according to the National Institute of Statistics. The implementation of timely reperfusion therapy is crucial to improve patient outcomes, and time-dependent networks for the treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome, particularly ST-elevation myocardial infarction, have been established. In Tuscany, the network for the treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome-ST-elevation myocardial infarction covers a vast area encompassing three Local Health Authorities, including all of South-Eastern Tuscany. Key features include equity of access, patient safety, improving the quality of care, standardization, the enhancement of professional skills, technological innovation, increasing case volumes and multi-professional integration across emergency services, hospital facilities and primary care networks. The Tuscan Acute Coronary Syndrome network provides comprehensive treatment for Acute Coronary Syndrome-ST-elevation myocardial infarction in 12 hospitals with 24-hour hemodynamics laboratories and has been extended to new territories, namely Piombino and the Island of Elba. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of an analytical system for monitoring times to reperfusion treatment and subsequent actions, in order to improve the performance of the network.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Materials and methods: &lt;/strong&gt;In this retrospective study, we conducted an analytical evaluation of the network's performance, including reperfusion treatment times and factors causing delay. The study utilized data on patient transport, times from symptom onset to medical contact, and outcomes from the National Outcomes Program (NOP; \"Programma Nazionale Esiti\" in Italian). Analytical evaluations in 2021 measured the network's overall performance and identified the main causes of delay. The treatment process was divided into periods, from symptom onset to coronary reperfusion; interventions such as public awareness campaigns, electrocardiogram tele-transmission, and fast-track transfers were implemented in order to minimize delays.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;The lowest 30-day mortality rate in Acute Coronary Syndrome patients was recorded in hospitals that treated over 300 cases annually, according to the 2020 and 2021 National Outcomes Program of. Improvements continued into 2022 and 2023, with mortality rates also declining in patients initially admitted to peripheral hospitals. Among residents of Piombino and the Island of Elba, 30-day mortality decreased from 8.8% (2017-2020) to 5.7% in 2022. In 2022, the Grosseto Hub treated 80% of ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients within 90 minutes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;The establishment of a well-organized time-dependent network for the treatment of Acute Coronary Syndrome-ST-elevation myocardial infarction in Tuscany significantly improved patient outcomes, thus demonst","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between secondhand smoke exposure and risk of developing active tuberculosis in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection: a systematic literature review.","authors":"Soraya Permata Sujana, Fadilah Habibul Hamda, Mufti As Siddiq, Yuniko Ibnu Latif, Al Asyary","doi":"10.7416/ai.2025.2685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2025.2685","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases in the world, with approximately 25% of the global population having latent tuberculosis infection. Secondhand smoke exposure has been recognised as a significant risk factor in the development of active Tuberculosis in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection.</p><p><strong>Study design and methods: </strong>This study used the Systematic Literature Review method based on PRISMA guidelines. Relevant articles published between 2014-2024 were identified through PubMed, ProQuest, and Scopus databases using related keywords. A total of 13 articles met the inclusion criteria for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Secondhand smoke exposure significantly increases the risk of latent tuberculosis infection conversion to active Tuberculosis, with a stronger effect in vulnerable groups such as children and individuals who are in close contact with active Tuberculosis patient and live in the same household with heavy smokers. This risk of exposure to secondhand smoke follows a dose-response pattern, where longer duration and higher intensity of exposure directly increase the likelihood of Tuberculosis activation in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection. The biological mechanisms involve immune suppression and lung damage caused by toxic particles in the tobacco smoke, which weaken the body's defenses against Mycobacterium tuberculosis and facilitate the progression of latent tuberculosis infection to active Tuberculosis. Therefore, reducing exposure to secondhand smoke is important to mitigate its impact on active Tuberculosis progression.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Secondhand smoke exposure has been consistently shown to increase the risk of developing active Tuberculosis in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection. To support the global Tuberculosis elimination programme, concerted efforts are needed to reduce exposure to secondhand smoke, especially in individuals with latent tuberculosis infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143057749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Best practices for disinfection in dental settings: insights from Italian and European regulations\".","authors":"Livia Barenghi, Francesco Spadari","doi":"10.7416/ai.2025.2682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2025.2682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}