Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita最新文献

{"title":"Vaccination hesitancy: agreement between WHO and ChatGPT-4.0 or Gemini Advanced.","authors":"Matteo Fiore, Alessandro Bianconi, Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Annalisa Rosso, Enrico Zauli, Maria Elena Flacco, Lamberto Manzoli","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2657","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An increasing number of individuals use online Artificial Intelligence (AI) - based chatbots to retrieve information on health-related topics. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy in answering vaccine-related answers of the currently most commonly used, advanced chatbots - ChatGPT-4.0 and Google Gemini Advanced.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the answers provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) to 38 open questions on vaccination myths and misconception, with the answers created by ChatGPT-4.0 and Gemini Advanced. Responses were considered as \"appropriate\", if the information provided was coherent and not in contrast to current WHO recommendations or to drug regulatory indications.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>The rate of agreement between WHO answers and Chat-GPT-4.0 or Gemini Advanced was very high, as both provided 36 (94.7%) appropriate responses. The few discrepancies between WHO and AI-chatbots answers could not be considered \"harmful\", and both chatbots often invited the user to check reliable sources, such as CDC or the WHO websites, or to contact a local healthcare professional. In their current versions, both AI-chatbots may already be powerful instrument to support the traditional communication tools in primary prevention, with the potential to improve health literacy, medication adherence, and vaccine hesitancy and concerns. Given the rapid evolution of AI-based systems, further studies are strongly needed to monitor their accuracy and reliability over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"390-396"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Funding sources for public health research in Italy.","authors":"Riccardo Mazzoli, Maria La Torre, Vanessa E Privitera, Nadja Sändig, Tommaso Filippini, Marco Vinceti","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2666","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2666","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Funding sources play a critical role in shaping the landscape of scientific research, including the one in public health, as they often determine not only the feasibility of specific projects but also its broader directions.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We aimed at assessing current funding sources for public health research in Italy and related implications.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a systematic PubMed search from January 2023 to June 2024, focusing on publications by 208 Italian tenured professors in hygiene and public health. We included only original articles they authored as first or last authors, excluding editorials, comments, and letters. We categorized funding sources into public internal, public external, private external, and unmentioned.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We retrieved 760 non-duplicate eligible publications. Research topics focused almost equally on communicable (48.2%) and non-communicable (51.8%) diseases. Public external funding were the most common overall (33.7%), followed by private external (14.3%) and public internal (7.5%). Notably, 58.7% of studies did not report any funding sources. Private external, regional and EU sources predominantly funded communicable disease research, while non-communicable disease research received more support from public external sources, especially governmental.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a European country such as Italy the funding landscape in public health research appears to be complex, due to the wide range of topics and intertwined roles of funding actors. Public funding are more frequent than private funding also independently of research topics, though most research activities did not require specific financial support, implying that public health research frequently has limited financial needs. This likely enables more flexibility and independence to investigators in public health, with major implications in terms of feasibility and absence of conflicts of interest.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"365-377"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142613496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Vaccination hesitancy: agreement between WHO and ChatGPT- 4.0 or Gemini Advanced\".","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2660","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"397-398"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting the risk of type 2 diabetes: Standardized diabetes risk score among the Khmer ethnic minority in Vietnam.","authors":"Tuyen Thi Hong Nguyen, Lam Phuc Duong","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2652","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2652","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Predicting the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes, as well as identifying the factors that increase this risk, helps the population adjust the modifiable risk factors, improve quality of life, and reduce the disease burden.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted on 918 ethnic Khmer minority people aged 40 and above in Vietnam who had never been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To predict the 10-year risk of type 2 diabetes, the Finnish Diabetes Risk Scoring Scale, adjusted for the Asian population with modification of the waist circumpherence and Body Mass Index Cut-Offs, was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The 10-year predicted risk of progression to type 2 diabetes in ethnic Khmer people aged 40 years and older in southern Vietnam, using the Asian-modified Finnish Diabetes Risk Scoring Scale, resulted 10.54% in the total population study, females have a higher risk at 12.62% compared to 8.01% of males. Among the items that make up the Finnish Diabetes Risk Scoring Scale, age, waist circumference, BMI, family history of diabetes, history of high blood glucose, and use of blood pressure medication were the most accurate predictors, with the area under the Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve at 0.83, 0.81, 0.77, 0.75, 0.74 and 0.73 respectively. The optimal cut-off score to identify progression to tipe 2 diabetes was 13.5 points (Se = 1.00, Sp = 1.00, p < 0.001). The multivariable logistic regression model shows that factors associated with high risk of type 2 diabetes progression in 10 years are age, gender, occupation, economic status, education level and regular alcohol consumption (p < 0.05). The study results provide a basis for proposing potential solutions to reduce modifiable risk factors for type 2 diabetes in the population. These include providing culturally appropriate health education and changing behavior to address alcohol consumption.</p><p><strong>Discussion and conclusions: </strong>The use of the Asian-modified Finnish Diabetes Risk Scoring Scale to predict the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes and as a screening tool for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes is appropriate for the Vietnamese Khmer population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"316-324"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142103631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telemedicine for Outpatients: A Case Study of the First Experience with Diabetic Patients in the Local Health Authority of Modena.","authors":"Francesca Annamaria Perrone, Lucia Pederzini, Federica Casoni, Paola Artoni, Fausta Guidetti, Cristina Vescovini, Valentina Semeraro, Emilia Gaetti, Marco Vinceti, Lucia Palandri, Elena Righi","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2658","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2658","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine had the opportunity to demonstrate its potential. In Italy, after an initial period of mistrust, it became clear that remote medicine can provide significant benefits for both healthcare professionals and patients. In the Local Health Unit of Modena (Emilia Romagna region, Northern Italy), great importance was placed on developing, promoting, and managing all telemedicine activities. In particular, it was decided to prioritize the activation of tele-visit services in accordance with the guidelines of the Emilia-Romagna region.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study design: &lt;/strong&gt;This case study aims to illustrate the activities planned and developed at the Local Health Authority of Modena for the implementation of the first service of this kind, the tele-visit service for outpatients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus, and to analyze data from the first 12 months of activity (from May 2023 to April 2024) to share reflections on the strengths and critical points encountered.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;For the activation of tele-visits at the Local Health Authority of Modena, a dedicated working group was established with the mandate to manage all clinical, organizational, and IT aspects. Before starting the service, various preliminary activities were carried out, including selecting the clinical specialty to be activated, defining patient inclusion criteria, implementing IT systems, assessing clinical risks, preparing and distributing information materials, training healthcare personnel, and planning outpatient activities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;During the first year of experimental activation of the service (May 2023-April 2024), a total of 72 patients were enrolled in the project, with 103 tele-visits provided. The patients were predominantly women (67%), and the most represented age groups were 30-39 (26%) and 40-49 (21%). Half of the specialists in the Diabetology Service (9/19) participated in the initiative by providing tele-visits, most of whom were young and all of whom were women. The main issues identified through regularly scheduled meetings with professionals, to which the working group is seeking the most appropriate solutions, include poor adherence by many patients who still have doubts about this modality, the habit of many patients rescheduling appointments multiple times, a habit not diminished by this visit method, the non-uniform adherence of professionals, and uneven territorial diffusion of the service. Lastly, professionals reported various IT difficulties. Although the number of tele-visits was not high, the initiative has sparked the interest of several specialists, some of whom have already proposed activating other telemedicine services, with some even suggesting innovative new projects. The next steps will involve extending diabetes monitoring to pregnant women with gestational diabetes and developing tele-visit services for endocrinology, neu","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"305-315"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the gap between notified and diagnosed cases of Foodborne Diseases: evidence from a time-trend analysis in Italy.","authors":"Angelo Capodici, Jacopo Lenzi, Sara Cavagnis, Matteo Ricci, Francesco De Dominicis, Simone Ambretti, Liliana Gabrielli, Silvia Galli, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Davide Resi","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2656","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foodborne diseases are a major global public health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread effects on various aspects of life, including the food supply chain, potentially impacting the incidence of foodborne diseases. This study aims to analyze the differences between notified and diagnosed cases and investigate the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foodborne diseases in the metropolitan area of Bologna, Italy.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A retrospective time trend analysis from two databases was conducted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Local Health Authority of Bologna collected data re/Emilia-Romagna Region on the infectious disease reporting system over a six-year period (2017-2022), which included three years of the COVID-19 pandemic. This data was compared with information collected during the same period at the microbiology laboratory serving the entire metropolitan area of Bologna. Statistical methods included percent change calculations, binomial tests, annual averages, gender and age stratification, and trend analysis with regressio.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increase (+34.4%, P-value ≤ 0.01) in notified cases during the pandemic - compared to the pre-pandemic period - was found. However, no differences were observed in diagnosed cases when comparing the two periods. The year 2021 saw a significant increase in reported cases of foodborne diseases among schoolers (+300.0%) and workers (+133.3%) compared to 2020. On the other hand, diagnosed cases decreased significantly in 2020 (-19.1%, P<0.01) and increased in 2021 (+21.9%, P<0.01). In absolute terms, a stark difference was observed between notified and diagnosed cases across all the study years (2017-2022).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the discrepancy between notified and diagnosed cases of foodborne diseases and how the COVID-19 pandemic has increased reporting without affecting transmission. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on improving foodborne disease reporting systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"325-332"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How outdoor and indoor green spaces affect human health: a literature review.","authors":"Marco Paniccià, Mattia Acito, Iolanda Grappasonni","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2654","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The analysis of the complex interactions between outdoor or indoor greenness and the health of individuals and ecosystems is a topic of current and growing interest.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This review aims to examine and summarise the results of studies conducted to evaluate the effects of exposure to greenness on various aspects of human health and the natural environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this purpose, in April 2024 we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, Google Scholar and specialised books.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence gathered demonstrates a remarkable correlation between exposure to outdoor and indoor greenness and the improvement of mental health, including the reduction of stress, anxiety, and depression. Contact with greenness is also associated with improvements in physical health, such as reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, and inflammation, as well as in cognitive abilities, concentration, and overall recovery. These benefits are recognisable both in outdoor spaces, such as urban parks, oases, and public gardens, and in indoor spaces, through the introduction of plants and nature-evoking elements in living and working environments. The presence of vegetation in indoor environments, such as offices, schools, healthcare facilities, prisons, and others, can contribute to improving the quality of social spaces, fostering communication, and collaboration, and attenuating aggressiveness and inequalities, thereby increasing employee satisfaction and work efficiency. The combination of outdoor/indoor green spaces and the well-being of the living environment includes exposure to greater biodiversity, mitigation of extreme weather events, absorption of atmospheric pollutants, attenuation of urban background noise, and increased privacy. The presence of vegetation in urban areas has a positive impact on social cohesion, promoting interpersonal interaction and facilitating the development of more cohesive and inclusive communities, thus supporting a sense of belonging and collective identity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, these results underline the importance of considering contact with greenness as a fundamental element in promoting the psychophysical health and well-being of individuals and ecosystems, suggesting the adoption of nature-based therapies and interventions in public health policies and urban planning practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"333-349"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on \"Best practices for disinfection in dental settings: insights from Italian and European regulations\".","authors":"Livia Barenghi, Francesco Spadari","doi":"10.7416/ai.2025.2682","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2025.2682","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"403-409"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142998845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to the Comment on \"Vaccination hesitancy: agreement between WHO and ChatGPT-4.0 or Gemini Advanced\" by Hinpetch Daungsupawong and Viroj Wiwanitkit.","authors":"Lamberto Manzoli","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2661","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2661","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142493465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutritional Project in School Setting: Analysis of Food Choices following Actions performed by Healthcare Workers.","authors":"Giuseppina Federici, Nicole Zulian, Erica Bino, Vincenzo Marcotrigiano, Alberto Lovat, Angela Padoin, Alessandro Citiulo, Giovanni Andrea Sava, Sandro Cinquetti","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2667","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Schools continue to represent one of the main settings that guarantee health promotion interventions, as it has been widely demonstrated in numerous fields that diet and eating habits are shaped in the early stages of life and maintained into adulthood. Through the food education promotion project, \"Healthy Snack\", implemented by the Prevention Department of the Local Health Authority ULSS 1 Dolomiti, the interventions carried out by healthcare workers have been evaluated over time to measure their effectiveness in terms of changes in eating habits considered incorrect, with a particular focus on snacks eaten at school.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"400-402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}