Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita最新文献

{"title":"Water fluoridation between public health and public law: an assessment of regulations across countries and their preventive medicine implications.","authors":"Silvio Roberto Vinceti, Federica Veneri, Tommaso Filippini","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2594","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Among health professionals and health policymakers concern is growing as to the difficulty of balancing the prevention of dental caries through cost-effective interventions and the need to limit unnecessary exposure of the population, and especially children, to environmental chemicals. In this respect, the use of water fluoridation to prevent tooth decay epitomizes the dilemma by raising questions relevant to both public health and public law, ranging from the balance of public health and medical self-determination, the division of powers between local or national authorities over water fluoridation, and the need to avoid the adverse effects of socioeconomic inequalities as well as both under- and over-exposure.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We carried out a narrative review by searching the relevant literature about the laws and rules related to drinking water fluoridation at the community level in the US, UK, and Europe, in order to discuss how the issue is handled from both a public health and public law perspective.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sources of data for this review were the biomedical and legal literature retrieved by searching online databases, and websites of public health and legal institutions.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>We found that water fluoridation is still largely adopted throughout the US, while in the UK and particularly in the European Union only a minor part of the population is subject to it. In addition, the recommended and maximum allowed amounts of fluoride in drinking water are being adapted to the public health recommendations and the new regulations, within an evolving evaluation of the epidemiologic evidence and the risk assessment currently in progress by two major regulatory agencies, the US National Toxicology Program - NTP and the European Food Safety Authority - EFSA. Under a comparative public law perspective, the three investigated legislations are facing a reassessment of their policies and regulations, to allow for effective and safe public health measures in the field of water fluoridation and more generally for a preferred use of topical fluoride for caries prevention. A consistent trend across these legislations is the choice to centralize at the national level regulatory and management issues related to water fluoridation, and to carefully balance benefits for dental caries prevention in children and the potential risks of systemic overexposure associated with excess fluoride intake, by promptly responding to the evolving indications by the scientific community and the public health professionals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"261-269"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of pharmacies in the implementation of vaccination cover- age in Italy. Insights from the preliminary data of the Lombardy Region.","authors":"Flavia Pennisi, Marco Mastrangelo, Emanuele De Ponti, Rita Cuciniello, Andrea Mandelli, Francesco Vaia, Carlo Signorelli","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2611","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2611","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The administration of vaccines in pharmacies was not allowed in Italy until 2021. During the COVID-19 pandemic, legislative innovations were introduced that now allow qualified pharmacists to administer anti-flu and anti-COVID-19 vaccines after completing specific training.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The article provides an overview of legislation concerning vaccinations in Italian pharmacies, followed by a description of the vaccinations carried out by pharmacies participating in the regional vaccination campaign from 2021 to 2023. The study relies on data extracted from the Lombardy Region's database on vaccine administration in pharmacies. Furthermore, innovative vaccination practices from the Marche Region were also taken into consideration.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Observational Study.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lombardy became the Italian pioneer region in extensively incorporating pharmacy-based vaccinations, starting in 2021. This initiative reached its zenith with 46% of anti-COVID vaccines and 17% of flu vaccines administered within the first six weeks of the autumn 2023 campaign. Pharmacies played a crucial role in meeting the targets outlined in the Italian National Vaccine Prevention Plan for 2023-25. As part of an experimental program, the Marche Region has further expanded pharmacy-based vaccinations, now including anti-zoster and anti-pneumococcus vaccines for the 2023-24 campaign.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The promising outcomes observed in Lombardy and the ongoing experimental efforts in the Marche are encouraging steps toward achieving vaccination coverage targets, albeit still falling below the objectives set by the National Vaccination Plan for 2023-25. The widespread presence of pharmacies throughout the territory makes them well-suited as support structures for vaccination campaigns, especially in reaching the adult, the elderly, and the vulnerable populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"363-369"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139929688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Injury Patterns and Gender in Italy.","authors":"Elisa Maietti, Angelo Capodici, Francesco Sanmarchi, Maria Pia Fantini, Nicola Nante, Davide Golinelli","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2024.2620","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Globally, injuries pose significant public health challenges, with road traffic accidents in particular being responsible for considerable morbidity, mortality, and economic distress. Italy has been significantly impacted due to its high population density and frequency of road traffic and domestic incidents.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This study set out to investigate the incidence of self-reported road traffic and home and leisure accidents in the Italian general population. A particular emphasis was placed on exploring possible gender differences across varying age groups. The data was obtained from the European Health Interview Survey and a representative sample of the Italian population was analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis revealed that regardless of age, women experienced a reduced risk of road traffic accidents compared to men. However, gender disparities in home-leisure accidents were observed to be age-dependent. Women under the age of 25 exhibited a lower likelihood of home-leisure accidents and serious accidents necessitating hospital admission in comparison to their male counterparts. In contrast, women aged 65 and above had an increased likelihood of home-leisure accidents as opposed to men in the same age category.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings of this study highlight the importance of considering age and gender as significant factors in the occurrence of different types of accidents, offering insight into how injury rates vary between these demographic groups within Italy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":"36 3","pages":"302-312"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140848415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expanded vaccination practice in 2-year-old children and maternal knowledge on expanded vaccination in Tien Giang, Vietnam.","authors":"Giau Le Ngoc Nguyen, Giang Vu Truong Nguyen, Mai Thi Nhu Nguyen, Doi Van Nguyen, Ngoc Trung Thi Phan, Van De Tran, Trung Tin Pham, Minh Huu Le, Dat Tan Nguyen, Tam Thi Pham","doi":"10.7416/ai.2023.2590","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2023.2590","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination plays a central role in protecting children against severe diseases and preventing child mortality.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aimed to determine the rate and factors associated with complete and timely vaccination in 2-year-old children, as well as maternal knowledge on expanded vaccination in Go Cong Tay district, Tien Giang province, Vietnam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 558 2-year-old children and their mothers residing in Go Cong Tay district, Tien Giang province, Vietnam. The study employed a systematic random sampling method from June to September 2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The rate of complete vaccination in children was 74.7%. Factors associated with the rate of complete vaccination were occupation (OR=0.3; 95%CI: 0.1-0.7; p=0.006), economic status (OR=3.8; 95%CI: 1.7-8.6; p=0.001), and maternal general knowledge on expanded vaccination (OR=1.7; 95%CI: 1.1-2.6; p=0.01). The rate of timely vaccination was 47.8%. Factors associated with the rate of timely vaccination were maternal age group (OR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.6-6.0; p=0.001; OR=3.0; 95%CI: 1.3-6.6; p=0.006) and economic status (OR=0.4; 95%CI: 0.2-0.9; p=0.04). The rate of both complete and timely vaccination was 22.6%. Factors associated with the rate of complete and timely vaccination were maternal age group (OR=3.1; 95%CI: 1.3-7.2; p=0.009; OR=3.3; 95%CI: 1.2-9.1; p=0.02) and maternal general knowledge on expanded vaccination (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.0-2.4; p=0.03). The rate of maternal general knowledge on expanded vaccination was 57.5%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The rates of complete and timely vaccination are still low, and various factors influence expanded vaccination. The-refore, it is crucial to continue health education campaigns to improve knowledge on expanded vaccination, remind mothers of vaccination schedules, strengthen confidence in vaccination programs and vaccine safety, attract customers to vaccination services, provide adequate healthcare for children, and ensure vaccination activities during disease outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"335-352"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138797067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination status among COVID-19 patients and duration of Polymerase Chain Reaction test positivity: evaluation of immunization schedule and type of vaccine.","authors":"Paola Guerriero, Claudia Cipollone, Roberta Martinelli, Federica Caputo, Maurizio Cervellini, Leondino Mammarella, Mario Muselli, Riccardo Mastrantonio, Giada Mastrangeli, Leila Fabiani","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2613","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2613","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The introduction of the vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 has represented a cornerstone in the containment of the pandemic. Our aim was to assess the vaccination schedules in relation to the infection free interval and to the duration of positivity in case of infection.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This study involves the SARS-CoV-2 infected people managed by the Local Health Authority ASL 1 Abruzzo. The data collected included: vaccine administration date, vaccine type, information on the Polymerase Chain Reaction test positivity, and demographic variables, such as age and sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The duration of Polymerase Chain Reaction test positivity was assessed in relation to the vaccination status, the vaccine type and the time interval between the last vaccination dose and the first nasopharyngeal positive swab over the considered period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The infection duration (DAYS) was significantly shorter in subjects vaccinated with a booster dose than unvaccinated subjects (12.8 vs 14.6; p<0.0001) and subjects vaccinated with the primary series only (12.8 vs 14.1; p<0.0001). Duration of PCR positivity was shorter with heterologous immunisation than with other vaccination schedules (p=0.0317).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights, in a large cohort of patients, the association between vaccination schedule and the response to infection.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"327-334"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139929690","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adverse human health effects of climate change: an update.","authors":"Tommaso Filippini, Stefania Paduano, Federica Veneri, Giulia Barbolini, Gianluca Fiore, Marco Vinceti","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2595","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2595","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The world is currently facing a process of climate change, which may adversely impact human health in many different ways. The safety of food, water and urban environments is endangered by the consequences of climate change. Sea level and temperature rise, along with more frequent and longer heat waves, represent only a few of the effects of climate change. The increased risk of extreme climate events (e.g., cyclones, droughts and floods) is another serious public health issue. These adverse effects are enhanced in areas and countries not having the capacity to effectively deal with climate change.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>We primarily aimed at summarizing the impacts of climate change on public health. A further aim was to identify the most concerning consequences of this phenomenon and the vulnerability factors that amplify the negative effects of climate change.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PubMed and other literature databases were used as literature sources for this narrative review based on the search terms 'climate change' and 'diseases categories' up to January 2024, in order to assess the most recent and relevant scientific evidence about the relation between climate change and public health, identify knowledge gaps and priorities for future research. We also screened the websites of major agencies devoted to human health protection and environmental health.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>Climate change appears to induce a broad spectrum of generally adverse effects on public health. It may increase the risk of infectious diseases, psychiatric disorders, cancer and other diseases. Currently, we are not effectively counteracting this phenomenon, since pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions have been increasing alongside temperatures. A host of measures are required in order to prevent and fight climate change and related health effects. These include the adoption of a holistic approach and the collaboration of different kinds of expertise in order to design more effective strategies. Special attention should be paid to those who live in disadvantaged countries, and those who are more vulnerable to the adverse health consequences of climate change.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"281-291"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139671139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoride and caries prevention: a scoping review of public health policies.","authors":"Federica Veneri, Silvio Roberto Vinceti, Tommaso Filippini","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2593","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2593","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Dental caries is the most common infectious disease, affecting approximately 60 to 90% of the world population, especially young children, and disadvantaged communities. Due to the extremely high prevalence and the significant negative impact on general health, well-being, and quality of life it is considered a global public health problem. Despite the improvement of policies to promote oral health care in the past decades, dental caries is still a healthcare challenge, characterized by increasing disparities among different social groups between and within countries. Fluoride-based prevention of dental caries is a cost-effective approach, that has been implemented since 1940's. It includes systemic and topical administrations, through community-based or individual programs. Preventive interventions should be tailored to individual and community caries risk assessment and estimate of cumulative fluoride intake, in order to maximize the preventive effect and avoid the risk of potential adverse effects associated with excessive fluoride exposure. Regulation of public health policies plays a major role in this context.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study design: &lt;/strong&gt;Scoping review.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The aim of this scoping review was to report an overview of current guidelines regarding fluoride-based preventive strategies for dental caries and relevant policies on the matter, as well as to address current issues related to public health aspects of dental caries prevention. We searched for the relevant literature on the matter, focusing on policy documents, such as recommendations, position papers and guidelines, issued from the major scientific and regulatory institutions involved in oral health promotion and on publications concerning relevant aspects of public health law.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Prevention of dental caries through fluoride can rely on topical fluorides for home-use (toothpastes and mouthrinses), professionally applied topical fluorides (gels, varnishes, silver diamine fluoride, fluoride-releasing restorative materials and sealants), fluoride supplements (tablets and drops), and community-based strategies (community water fluoridation, fluoridated salt and milk). Current relevant guidelines for all these preventive aids are outlined in the paper. A significantly greater preventive effect of topical fluorides has been widely established in the recent past, as compared to systemic effects. Furthermore, increasing concerns have emerged on potential adverse effects on general health associated with early and excessive systemic exposure to fluoride, especially for children, supported by recent meta-analyses. Also, community water fluoridation has raised significant aspects of relevance for health law and policies. In a public health perspective, healthcare policymakers should tackle social iniquities by promoting information and oral health literacy, through community and school-based programs","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"270-280"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139484820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the excess mortality associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in the Local Health Authorities and Districts of the Autonomous Region of Sardinia - quinquennium 2017-2021.","authors":"Sara Maria Pani, Federica Cadoni, Luigi Minerba","doi":"10.7416/ai.2023.2589","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2023.2589","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Based on the indications of the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan and the Ministerial Decree n°77/2022, detecting specific populations' social-welfare needs is essential to reorganize the national and regional health service. The present analysis studies the impact of pandemic and pre-pandemic conditions in terms of mortality on Sardinian health service organizational subunits to indirectly investigate the need for specific social and health interventions.</p><p><strong>Design: </strong>Retrospective observational mortality study on the Sardinian resident population, surveyed by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (Istat) from 2017 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The database was built by crossing demographic data from the Istat divided into 21 five-year age groups (0-4 to 100+). Mortality and excess mortality were calculated with a focus on local health authorities and districts. The analysis were made considering three age groups (0-64, ≥ 65, 0-100+) and comparing the individual years 2020 and 2021 with the pre-pandemic triennium 2017-2019. To better understand the phenomenon of excess mortality, the old age index was calculated for the Local Health Authority and District for each year of the quinquennium considered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Standardized mortality ratios increased in the biennium of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic compared to the baseline 2017-2019. A global increaseof the Standardized mortality ratios in all districts (2021) was measured, including those with Standardized mortality ratios already increasing in 2020. Notably, the Standardized mortality ratios (2020 and 2021) were often increased by the 0-64 age group. The regional excess mortality (0-100+) confirmed an increase in mortality compared to the baseline, with a slight decrease from 2020 to 2021.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Sardinia presents peculiar demographic and geographical characteristics. Monitoring mortality rates and excess mortality confirms to be crucial to constantly re-modulating health interventions and planning of the supply of services, including the equitable allocation of resources based on actual health needs. Sardinia should embrace the concept of \"age-friendly community\" and create communities designed to promote active aging and social participation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"313-326"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138290165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations in avoidable hospital admissions and emergency visits by primary care characteristics: an ecological study in Italy.","authors":"Zeno Dalla Valle, Giovanni Emanuele Ricciardi, Carlo Signorelli, Cristina Renzi","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2608","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2608","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Primary healthcare plays a central role in providing preventive care, managing chronic conditions and reducing inappropriate emergency presentations. The study aimed at providing population-level evidence on the correlation between the characteristics of primary healthcare across Italian regions and health outcomes included in the National Programs Outcomes of the National Agency for Regional Healthcare Services.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>Ecological study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analysed healthcare data from the National Agency for Regional Healthcare Services, the public lists of primary care doctors and the National Federation of Surgeons and Dentists and the National Institutes of Statistics referring to the 20 Italian regions. Pearson's correlation and Spearman's correlation were used to assess the relationships between primary healthcare characteristics and health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, across all Italian regions each general practitioner had on average 1447 patients and was 57.5 years old. The study found positive correlations between the number of patients per general practitioner and non-urgent Emergency Department visits among adult patients (Pearson's r = 0.58, p = 0.008), the number of residents aged 65+ per general practitioner and the rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admissions (Pearson's r = 0.49, p = 0.029), and the age of general practitioners and lower-extremity amputations in diabetes patients (Pearson's r = 0.56, p = 0.011). A negative correlation was observed between the age of general practitioners and urinary tract infection admissions (Pearson's r = -0.76; p < 0.001). A non-linear negative correlation was found between the age of general practitioners and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease admissions (Spearman's ρ = -0.46, p = 0.041).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings emphasise the importance of guaranteeing sufficient numbers of primary healthcare physicians to meet patients' needs, and for limiting avoidable hospitalisations and emergency presentations. General practitioners' age might also influence the provision of care, but more research is needed on possible mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"227-233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yoga or Mindfulness on Diabetes: Scoping Review for Theoretical Experimental Framework.","authors":"Giovanni Cangelosi, Mattia Acito, Iolanda Grappasonni, Cuc Thi Thu Nguyen, Marina Tesauro, Paola Pantanetti, Luciana Morichetti, Enrico Ceroni, Andrea Benni, Fabio Petrelli","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2600","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2600","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>About one in 11 adults worldwide suffers from diabetic disease with constantly increasing prevalence; from the 529 million patients registered in 2021, the number of people with diabetes was predicted to rise to approximately 1.31 billion in 2050. In Italy, 5.9% of the population is diabetic, with a higher prevalence with increasing age and in the South of the country. Yoga and Mindfulness could represent a valid support for the care of diabetic subjects especially in a stressful caring context such as the Covid-19 pandemic.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A scoping review was conducted to achieve the goals of the study. Yoga or Mindfulness interventions on diabetic subjects were specifically analyzed and qualitative-quantitative data collected in the selected randomized controlled trials were extensive for possible meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review was conducted by two independent practitioners and a third one was consulted in case of conflict. The PRISMA method was used for both the selection and reporting of the studies to be included. Specific PICOS and search strategies have been developed on PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases. Included in the review were: randomised controlled trials, full dissertation articles and papers in English with a time limit on May 31, 2022.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Review included 22 studies; 12 on Mindfulness, 9 on Yoga and one about both disciplines; among these, one studied patients with Type 1 Diabetes, 14 with Type 2 Diabetes, 6 with both and one with Gestational Diabetes. Only one paper studied adolescent subjects while the other 21 focused on a range of adult subjects. The studies showed that Yoga and Mindfulness have strong potential not only on stress management, but also on clinical-metabolic parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The recent Covid-19 pandemic has certainly redesigned a new way of treating and managing chronic diseases, such as diabetes. An increasingly fragile population, and with the growing need to reduce overall stress levels, could find alternative practices in Yoga and Mindfulness to support conventional therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"153-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139541474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}