Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita最新文献

{"title":"Comment on \"Vaccination hesitancy: agreement between WHO and ChatGPT- 4.0 or Gemini Advanced\".","authors":"Hinpetch Daungsupawong, Viroj Wiwanitkit","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2024.2660","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Telemedicine for Outpatients: A Case Study of the First Experience with Diabetic Patients in the Local Health Authority of Modena.","authors":"Francesca Annamaria Perrone, Lucia Pederzini, Federica Casoni, Paola Artoni, Fausta Guidetti, Cristina Vescovini, Valentina Semeraro, Emilia Gaetti, Marco Vinceti, Lucia Palandri, Elena Righi","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2024.2658","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>During the COVID-19 pandemic, telemedicine had the opportunity to demonstrate its potential. In Italy, after an initial period of mistrust, it became clear that remote medicine can provide significant benefits for both healthcare professionals and patients. In the Local Health Unit of Modena (Emilia Romagna region, Northern Italy), great importance was placed on developing, promoting, and managing all telemedicine activities. In particular, it was decided to prioritize the activation of tele-visit services in accordance with the guidelines of the Emilia-Romagna region.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This case study aims to illustrate the activities planned and developed at the Local Health Authority of Modena for the implementation of the first service of this kind, the tele-visit service for outpatients suffering from type 1 diabetes mellitus, and to analyze data from the first 12 months of activity (from May 2023 to April 2024) to share reflections on the strengths and critical points encountered.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>For the activation of tele-visits at the Local Health Authority of Modena, a dedicated working group was established with the mandate to manage all clinical, organizational, and IT aspects. Before starting the service, various preliminary activities were carried out, including selecting the clinical specialty to be activated, defining patient inclusion criteria, implementing IT systems, assessing clinical risks, preparing and distributing information materials, training healthcare personnel, and planning outpatient activities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the first year of experimental activation of the service (May 2023-April 2024), a total of 72 patients were enrolled in the project, with 103 tele-visits provided. The patients were predominantly women (67%), and the most represented age groups were 30-39 (26%) and 40-49 (21%). Half of the specialists in the Diabetology Service (9/19) participated in the initiative by providing tele-visits, most of whom were young and all of whom were women. The main issues identified through regularly scheduled meetings with professionals, to which the working group is seeking the most appropriate solutions, include poor adherence by many patients who still have doubts about this modality, the habit of many patients rescheduling appointments multiple times, a habit not diminished by this visit method, the non-uniform adherence of professionals, and uneven territorial diffusion of the service. Lastly, professionals reported various IT difficulties. Although the number of tele-visits was not high, the initiative has sparked the interest of several specialists, some of whom have already proposed activating other telemedicine services, with some even suggesting innovative new projects. The next steps will involve extending diabetes monitoring to pregnant women with gestational diabetes and developing tele-visit services for endocrinology, neu","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142456505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vaccination hesitancy: agreement between WHO and ChatGPT-4.0 or Gemini Advanced.","authors":"Matteo Fiore, Alessandro Bianconi, Cecilia Acuti Martellucci, Annalisa Rosso, Enrico Zauli, Maria Elena Flacco, Lamberto Manzoli","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2024.2657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>An increasing number of individuals use online Artificial Intelligence (AI) - based chatbots to retrieve information on health-related topics. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy in answering vaccine-related answers of the currently most commonly used, advanced chatbots - ChatGPT-4.0 and Google Gemini Advanced.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We compared the answers provided by the World Health Organization (WHO) to 38 open questions on vaccination myths and misconception, with the answers created by ChatGPT-4.0 and Gemini Advanced. Responses were considered as \"appropriate\", if the information provided was coherent and not in contrast to current WHO recommendations or to drug regulatory indications.</p><p><strong>Results and conclusions: </strong>The rate of agreement between WHO answers and Chat-GPT-4.0 or Gemini Advanced was very high, as both provided 36 (94.7%) appropriate responses. The few discrepancies between WHO and AI-chatbots answers could not be considered \"harmful\", and both chatbots often invited the user to check reliable sources, such as CDC or the WHO websites, or to contact a local healthcare professional. In their current versions, both AI-chatbots may already be powerful instrument to support the traditional communication tools in primary prevention, with the potential to improve health literacy, medication adherence, and vaccine hesitancy and concerns. Given the rapid evolution of AI-based systems, further studies are strongly needed to monitor their accuracy and reliability over time.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the gap between notified and diagnosed cases of Food-borne Diseases: evidence from a time-trend analysis in Italy.","authors":"Angelo Capodici, Jacopo Lenzi, Sara Cavagnis, Matteo Ricci, Francesco De Dominicis, Simone Ambretti, Liliana Gabrielli, Silvia Galli, Tiziana Lazzarotto, Davide Resi","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2024.2656","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foodborne diseases are a major global public health concern, causing significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The COVID-19 pandemic has had widespread effects on various aspects of life, including the food supply chain, potentially impacting the incidence of foodborne diseases. This study aims to analyze the differences between notified and diagnosed cases and investigate the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on foodborne diseases in the metropolitan area of Bologna, Italy.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>A retrospective time trend analysis from two databases was conducted.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Local Health Authority of Bologna collected data re/Emilia-Romagna Region on the infectious disease reporting system over a six-year period (2017-2022), which included three years of the COVID-19 pandemic. This data was compared with information collected during the same period at the microbiology laboratory serving the entire metropolitan area of Bologna. Statistical methods included percent change calculations, binomial tests, annual averages, gender and age stratification, and trend analysis with regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>An increase (+34.4%, P-value ≤ 0.01) in notified cases during the pandemic - compared to the pre-pandemic period - was found. However, no differences were observed in diagnosed cases when comparing the two periods. The year 2021 saw a significant increase in reported cases of foodborne diseases among schoolers (+300.0%) and workers (+133.3%) compared to 2020. On the other hand, diagnosed cases decreased significantly in 2020 (-19.1%, P<0.01) and increased in 2021 (+21.9%, P<0.01). In absolute terms, a stark difference was observed between notified and diagnosed cases across all the study years (2017-2022).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the discrepancy between notified and diagnosed cases of foodborne diseases and how the COVID-19 pandemic has increased reporting without affecting transmission. These findings contribute to the ongoing discussion on improving foodborne disease reporting systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How outdoor and indoor green spaces affect human health: a literature review.","authors":"Marco Paniccià, Mattia Acito, Iolanda Grappasonni","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2024.2654","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The analysis of the complex interactions between outdoor or indoor greenness and the health of individuals and ecosystems is a topic of current and growing interest.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>This review aims to examine and summarise the results of studies conducted to evaluate the effects of exposure to greenness on various aspects of human health and the natural environment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this purpose, in April 2024 we searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, Google Scholar and specialised books.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Evidence gathered demonstrates a remarkable correlation between exposure to outdoor and indoor greenness and the improvement of mental health, including the reduction of stress, anxiety, and depression. Contact with greenness is also associated with improvements in physical health, such as reductions in blood pressure, heart rate, and inflammation, as well as in cognitive abilities, concentration, and overall recovery. These benefits are recognisable both in outdoor spaces, such as urban parks, oases, and public gardens, and in indoor spaces, through the introduction of plants and nature-evoking elements in living and working environments. The presence of vegetation in indoor environments, such as offices, schools, healthcare facilities, prisons, and others, can contribute to improving the quality of social spaces, fostering communication, and collaboration, and attenuating aggressiveness and inequalities, thereby increasing employee satisfaction and work efficiency. The combination of outdoor/indoor green spaces and the well-being of the living environment includes exposure to greater biodiversity, mitigation of extreme weather events, absorption of atmospheric pollutants, attenuation of urban background noise, and increased privacy. The presence of vegetation in urban areas has a positive impact on social cohesion, promoting interpersonal interaction and facilitating the development of more cohesive and inclusive communities, thus supporting a sense of belonging and collective identity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In conclusion, these results underline the importance of considering contact with greenness as a fundamental element in promoting the psychophysical health and well-being of individuals and ecosystems, suggesting the adoption of nature-based therapies and interventions in public health policies and urban planning practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142379963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The origins of the modern hygiene in Bari: In memory of Enea Grosso.","authors":"Giacomo Riformato, Chiara Noviello, Eustachio Cuscianna, Giovanna Barbuti, Silvio Tafuri","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7416/ai.2024.2653","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>Professor Enea Grosso, a distinguished Italian scholar in Public Health, made significant contributions during his tenure at the University of Milan, Camerino and in particular Bari, expanding the discipline's research horizons. Born in Milan in 1922, Grosso's career included collaborations with renowned scientists like Albert Sabin. Notable achievements include his innovative response to the 1973 cholera epidemic in Apulia and his promotion of mathematical models in epidemiology. Grosso passed away unexpectedly in 1984, leaving a lasting impact on the scientific community.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142306985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening for colorectal cancer by full colonoscopy in first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients: a multicentric study by the Italian League for the Fight against Cancer.","authors":"Giacomo Diedenhofen, Augusto Morgia, Nicola Sinnona, Alberto Pacchiarotti, Anna Fiaschetti, Vito Forte, Mauro Tosoni, Fabrizio Liberati, Sandro Boschetto, Enrico Zepponi, Pietro Marogna, Alessandra Manca, Marco Bisail, Annarita Vestri, Alessandro Rossi","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2618","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2618","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Colorectal cancer currently presents the third-highest incidence of cancers worldwide, making secondary prevention through screening programs for colorectal cancer, usually by Fecal Occult Blood Testing, an essential preventive medicine intervention. First-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients are a particularly at-risk group, with indications to consider direct screening by full colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is considered the gold standard for diagnosing colorectal cancer, as it has high sensitivity and specificity, and is both a diagnostic and therapeutic tool. However, it requires significant organizational and financial resources, and has a small but relatively higher risk of complications as opposed to fecal occult blood testing. The present study aimed to assess the appropriateness of a screening program without age restrictions of CRC by full colonoscopy in asymptomatic, first-degree adult relatives of patients with colorectal cancer, aiming both to actively increase screening coverage and to determine the detection rate of precancerous lesions and colorectal cancer in this population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study design: &lt;/strong&gt;Uncontrolled interventional study - colorectal cancer screening by full colonoscopy for at-risk population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;The Italian League for the Fight against Cancer started a colorectal cancer screening program by full colonoscopy for first-degree relatives of colorectal cancer patients in 1998 in the province of Latina, Lazio Region, Italy. The program was expanded to the provinces of Rieti, Lazio Region, and Sassari, Sardinia Region, in 2014 and 2016 respectively, and was concluded in 2018. Subjects were actively and voluntarily recruited by the study's working group. Subjects that had already been subjected to a full colonoscopy in the preceding 5 years were excluded from this study. Identified neoplastic lesions were treated either directly or referred to the Day Hospital setting, and histologically diagnosed following World Health Organization guidelines.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;In total, 2,288 subjects (age range 15-88, mean 52.3 yrs, M/F = 946/1,204) were screened by colonoscopy, of which 103 (4.5%) were incomplete and 2,173 (95.0%) complete, with data on colonoscopy performance missing for 12 participants. Out of 468 positive outcomes on colonoscopy, diagnosis for 422 (204M/173F), 19.4% of total subjects, was adenomatous polyps and 46 (20M/20F), 2.1% of total subjects, was colorectal cancer. Female sex was a protective factor against a positive test outcome, with a 35% reduction compared to male sex, with OR=0.64 95%CI (0.52-0.80). On the other hand, being over 50 years of age was found to be a risk factor, making a positive outcome more than twice as likely, with OR=2.3 95%CI (1.8-2.9). Subjects over 50 also had significantly more instances of multiple adenomas being found, however the size distribution of found adenomas was not significantly diff","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"537-548"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-intensity rehabilitation in persistent post COVID-19 dyspnoea: the value of Spa health resort as appropriate setting.","authors":"Emanuela Resta, Carla Maria Irene Quarato, Giulia Scioscia, Eustachio Cuscianna, Pasquale Tondo, Giuseppe Mansueto, Ernesto Lulaj, Simone Sorangelo, Onofrio Resta, Maria Pia Foschino Barbaro, Silvio Tafuri, Donato Lacedonia","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2617","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2617","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Background: &lt;/strong&gt;Post COVID-19 syndrome is a frequent disabling outcome, leading to a delay in social reintegration and return to working life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Study design: &lt;/strong&gt;This was a prospective observational cohort study. The main objective was to explore the effectiveness of a Spa rehabilitation treatment on the improvement of post COVID-19 dyspnoea and fatigue, also analyzing the relationship between such symptoms. Additionally, it was assessed if different clinical characteristics could predispose patients in experiencing post COVID-19 symptoms or could influence the effectiveness of a Spa intervention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;From July to November 2021, 187 post COVID-19 patients were enrolled in the study. All the patients complained persi-sting dyspnoea, whose impact on daily activities was assessed using the modified Medical Research Council dyspnoea scale. 144 patients (77.0%) reported also fatigue. The Spa treatment was started at least 3 months after COVID-19 acute phase. At the end of the treatment, patients were asked to rate the improvement in the dyspnoea and fatigue sensation. 118 patients also underwent the modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale for severity estimation of Exertion Dyspnoea and the Barthel index for severity estimation of Physical Limitation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;165 out of 187 patients (88.2%) reported an improvement in dyspnoea, while 116 out 144 patients (80.6%) reported an improvement in both dyspnoea and fatigue. On a total of 118 subjects, a clinically significant improvement in the modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale (i.e. Delta Borg equal or more than -2.0 points) was reached by the 50.8% of patients, while a clinically significant improvement in the Barthel index (i.e. Delta Barthel equal or more than +10.0 points) was reached by the 51.7% of them. The 31.4% of patients reached a minimal clinically important improvement in both the modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale and the Barthel index. No risk factors were associated to a clinically impacting dyspnoea at entry, while a BMI&gt;30 Kg/m2 was the main risk factor for chronic fatigue. Presence of respiratory comorbidities, obesity and severe acute COVID-19 (phenotype 4) configured risk factors for the lack of improvement of dyspnoea after the treatment, while no risk factors were associated to a lack of improvement for fatigue. Older age, obesity and comorbidities seemed to make more difficult to reach a clinically meaningful improvement in the modified Borg Dyspnoea Scale and the Barthel index after treatment. Female gender may imply more physical limitation at entry, while male patients seem to show less improvement in the Barthel index after treatment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions: &lt;/strong&gt;Dyspnoea and fatigue were confirmed to be important post COVID-19 symptoms even in younger subjects of wor-king age and subjects with absent or modest pulmonary alterations at distance from acute COVID-19. A Spa health resort seems to be an effective \"lo","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"597-613"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140020793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decade-long insights: tracking asbestos-related health impacts among formerly exposed workers in Palermo, Italy.","authors":"Claudio Costantino, Caterina Ledda, Matteo Riccò, Eduardo Costagliola, Francesco Balsamo, Miriam Belluzzo, Nicole Bonaccorso, Alessandro Carubia, Luciano D'Azzo, Martina Sciortino, Tania Vitello, Luigi Zagra, Santo Fruscione, Sara Ilardo, Elisa Trapani, Giuseppe Calamusa, Venerando Rapisarda, Walter Mazzucco","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2619","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2619","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Asbestos is a foremost occupational carcinogen globally. Despite the prohibition under Law 257/1992, Italy persists as one of the European nations most burdened by asbestos-related diseases (ARDs). This research assessed ARD cases in asbestos-exposed workers from the Province of Palermo, Italy, spanning 2010-2021.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data acquisition utilized the epidemiological dataset from the 'Service of Prevention and Safety on Work Environment' under the Prevention Department of Palermo's Local Health Authority (LHA).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2010 and 2021, we identified 245 ARD instances, comprising 163 Asbestosis/Pleural plaques, 41 Lung Cancers, 38 Mesotheliomas, and 3 unspecified cases. Multivariate analysis indicated a notable decline in temporal exposure for mesothelioma (HR=0.933; 95% CI=0.902-0.965) and lung cancer (HR=0.93; 95% CI=0.90-0.978) relative to pleural plaques/asbestosis. Tobacco use displayed a pronounced correlation with lung cancer (smoker HR=64.520 95% CI=13,075-318.390; former smoker HR=20.917 95% CI=4,913-89.048). A significant link was observed between mesothelioma and pleural plaques/asbestosis in those employed in shipbuilding and repair (HR=0.371 95% CI=0.155-0.892).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ARDs persist in clinical observations, even following the 1992 cessation of asbestos-related activities, emphasizing an enduring public health challenge. Enhancing prevention strategies is paramount, focusing on amplifying anamnestic and occupational data collection, thereby facilitating superior early diagnosis strategies for these maladies in the occupationally exposed cohort.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"525-536"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140093362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious risk profile and strategies for prevention and control of outbreaks in refugee, asylum seekers and migrant populations in EU/EEA countries: a systematic narrative review of evidence.","authors":"Francesco Paolo Bianchi, Daniel Fiacchini, Emanuela Maria Frisicale, Renata Gili, Stefano Greco, Stefano Guicciardi, Matteo Riccò, Salvatore Zichichi, Nunzio Zotti, Silvio Tafuri","doi":"10.7416/ai.2024.2610","DOIUrl":"10.7416/ai.2024.2610","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The recent surge in migration to and within the European Union and European Economic Area has brought the development of migration policy, including health policy, to the forefront of regional priorities. While migrants, in general, do not pose a health threat to the host population, specific subgroups of migrants, including refugees, asylum seekers, and irregular migrants, are particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases. To support public health policies in this area, the Emergency Preparedness and Management' working group of the Italian Society of Hygiene, Preventive Medicine and Public Health has conducted a systematic narrative review with the aim to comprehensively analyze the infectious disease risk within the refugee and asylum seeker populations in EU, EEA, and EU-applicant countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-two studies were systematically selected from scientific articles in the MEDLINE/PubMed database from January 1, 2008, to June 1, 2023. The infectious risk associated with each infectious disease among refugees and asylum seekers, as well as the strategies to prevent and control outbreaks, was collected from all available studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The congregate living conditions in refugee camps, transit centers, and temporary housing facilities make this population particularly vulnerable to infectious diseases. As such, implementing stringent hygiene and preventive measures is critical to safeguarding the health of refugees and reducing the risk of outbreaks that may affect both the refugee population and the host communities.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective vaccination and preventive strategies for migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers are vital for public health and the well-being of these populations. They should be delivered as part of universal health care. By addressing barriers and implementing tailored programs, we can ensure equitable access to vaccines and protect the health of these vulnerable individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7999,"journal":{"name":"Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita","volume":" ","pages":"549-568"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140020791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}