拥有枪支与自杀:是否到了讨论统一健康和社会评估以帮助监管的时候了?法医案例系列回顾性研究的反思。

IF 1.5 Q3 HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES
Alberto Blandino, Nicola Galante, Fabio Cuppone, Maddalena Giriodi, Guido Vittorio Travaini
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:从健康和经济角度来看,与枪支有关的死亡一直是公众关心的问题。在世界范围内,枪支自杀的发生率差异很大,这取决于多个因素,包括每个国家的武器供应情况。尽管多项研究表明,国家有关枪支所有权的法律减少了合法获得枪支的机会,从而降低了持枪自杀的风险,但目前的情况却与差异巨大的立法相冲突:研究设计:法医案例系列的回顾性研究:方法:回顾性记录 2014 年 1 月至 2023 年 12 月期间米兰(意大利)法医部评估的尸检报告。仅考虑了枪支自杀。对每个案例的刑事犯罪报告都进行了仔细分析,以获得有关受害者性别、年龄、合法持有枪支、精神障碍、酗酒和非法药物滥用的信息:米兰法医部在 10 年间评估了 1,164 起自杀案件,其中 101 起(8.7%)与枪支有关。因此,男女比例约为 13:1。没有观察到季节性趋势。大多数人都拥有枪支执照。在整个数据集中,35.6%的人患有精神疾病,4%的人酗酒,2%的人吸毒。在拥有持枪执照的人中,42.3%患有精神疾病:对持枪自杀及其与合法持有枪支之间关系的了解有限,应重新考虑现行的预防性法律。本文讨论了意大利和一些欧洲国家目前为获得持枪执照所要求的行政和临床检查。评估与枪支有关的滥用风险是一项重要但复杂的程序,不仅需要临床--异常数据,还需要深入的精神病学信息。有必要开展并重启一场辩论,这场辩论目前提出了非常不同的解决方案,但可能会受益于对预防战略的共同愿景,这些战略可以为整个社会的利益而实施和颁布。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Firearm ownership and suicide: Has the time come to discuss uniformity of health and social assessments in aid of regulation? Reflection from a retrospective study on a forensic case series.

Background: Firearm-related deaths are an issue of ongoing public interest, from a health and economic perspective. Worldwide, firearm prevalence in suicides varies widely, depending on multiple factors including the availability of weapons in each country. Although several studies have shown that national laws about gun ownership, reducing legal access to guns, decrease the risk of suicide by firearm, the current situation clashes with widely differing legislations.

Study design: Retrospective study on a forensic case series.

Methods: Autopsy reports assessed at the Section of Legal Medicine of Milan (Italy) from January 2014 to December 2023 were retrospectively documented. Only firearm suicides were considered. For each case, a close analysis of the criminal offence reports has been performed to obtain information about the gender and age of the victim, as well as the legal possession of firearms, psychiatric disorders, alcohol, and illicit drug abuse.

Results: Among all the 1,164 suicides assessed at the Section of Legal Medicine of Milan over a 10-year-period, 101 cases (8.7%) were firearm-related. The male to female ratio was therefore about 13:1. No seasonal trends were observed. Most of the individuals owned the firearm license. Of the entire dataset, 35.6% suffered from psychiatric disorders, 4% of alcohol abuse and 2% of drug addiction. Among the owners of a firearm license, 42.3% had psychiatric disorders.

Conclusions: Knowledge about firearm suicide and its relation to firearm legal possession is limited and current preventive laws should be reconsidered. Present administrative and clinical examinations required to obtain a firearm license in Italy and in some European territories are dealt with. The evaluation of the firearm-related risk of abuse is an essential but complex procedure, which requires not only clinic-anamnestic data but also in-deep psychiatric information. There is a need to develop and reinvigorate a debate that currently presents very heterogeneous solutions, but which would probably benefit from a common vision of the prevention strategies that can be implemented and enacted for the benefit of the entire community.

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Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita
Annali di igiene : medicina preventiva e di comunita HEALTH CARE SCIENCES & SERVICES-
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