Annals of Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"A Four-phase, Menstrual Cycle-specific Yoga Module to Enhance Menstrual Health: A Development, Validation and Feasibility Study.","authors":"Darshana Hazarika, Abhijit Baishya, Kashinath Metri, Raghavendra Bhat, Sunil Kumar, Moumita Maity, Sriya Suman Choudhury, Punitkumar Basavaraj Nayak, Raghu H Megalamani","doi":"10.1177/09727531261456974","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261456974","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The menstrual cycle involves cyclical fluctuations in ovarian hormones that produce phase-dependent changes in neurocognitive function, emotional regulation, pain sensitivity and physical performance. Yet most therapeutic interventions, including yoga, apply uniform practices across the cycle, overlooking these physiological transitions. A phase-specific yoga approach may better accommodate these hormonal changes.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to develop, content-validate and assess the feasibility of a four-phase, menstrual cycle-specific yoga module to support menstrual health.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study had three phases. (a) The development phase involved a systematic review of classical and contemporary yoga texts alongside relevant scientific literature. (b) In the validation phase, 11 experts validated the module using a three-point Likert scale; content validity was established using Lawshe's Content Validity Ratio (CVR). (c) Feasibility was tested in a pre-post pilot study among female university students with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). 15 participants completed an 8-week intervention comprising five sessions per week. Outcomes included intervention fidelity, face validity, PMS symptom severity and PMS-related quality of life (PMS-QoL).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The validated module retained 12/21 practices for the menstrual phase, 30/31 for the follicular phase, 25/33 for the ovulatory phase, and 19/28 for the luteal phase (all CVR > 0.59). The feasibility study demonstrated 100% acceptance and retention with no adverse events. Practices were rated easy to learn, with minor modifications required for some postures. High satisfaction and perceived benefits were reported for managing phase-related difficulties, emotional regulation, mood, strength, flexibility and balance. After 8 weeks, PMS symptoms decreased significantly, and PMS-QoL improved across physical, emotional and social domains.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The four-phase, menstrual cycle-specific yoga module was feasible, acceptable and associated with preliminary improvements in PMS symptoms and PMS-QoL. Aligning yoga practices with phase-dependent psychophysiological changes may offer a physiology-informed strategy for promoting menstrual health. Further controlled trials in broader eumenorrheic populations are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261456974"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13346101/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differential Cognitive Strategies for Speech-in-Noise Perception: A Comparative Study Between Yoga Practitioners and Non-practitioners.","authors":"Shrinidhi Devarahalli Manoj, Srikar Vijayasarathy, Vishal Kooknoor","doi":"10.1177/09727531261455191","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261455191","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Speech perception in noise varies widely even among normal-hearing individuals and is strongly influenced by cognitive factors such as attention, working memory and linguistic abilities. Yoga is known to enhance these domains, yet its potential impact on speech-in-noise perception remains insufficiently explored.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigated whether yoga practitioners (YP) demonstrate superior speech-perception-in-noise (SPIN) performance compared to non-practitioners and whether differences could be attributed to enhanced selective attention, working memory and linguistic processing capabilities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty young adults (18-30 years) with normal hearing were recruited: 30 YP with a mean practice duration of 4.79 years and 30 non-yoga practitioners (NYP). Speech identification in noise was assessed using Kannada low-predictive sentences presented with speech babble and speech-shaped noise at varying signal-to-noise ratios. Cognitive measures included Stroop tasks (selective attention), digit span and N-back tests (working memory) and moving-average type-token ratio and generative naming (linguistic abilities). Scores were converted to rationalised arcsine units and group differences were analysed using independent <i>t</i>-tests and Mann-Whitney <i>U</i> tests. Stepwise linear regression identified predictors of SPIN performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>YP demonstrated significantly superior performance in speech babble at 0 dBSNR (<i>p</i> = .009) but not in speech-shaped noise conditions. Regression analyses revealed distinct predictive patterns: vocabulary (generative naming) predicted 26% of variance in NYP (<i>β</i> = 0.534, <i>p</i> = .002), while working memory (backward digit span) predicted 11.6% of variance in YP (<i>β</i> = 0.383, <i>p</i> = .037). Cognitive and linguistic measures showed no significant group differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>YP exhibited superior speech identification under informational masking conditions, mediated by working memory capacity. Our findings suggest that yoga practice is associated with a shift from vocabulary-based to working memory-based strategies for speech-in-noise perception.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261455191"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13346097/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yoga Nidra Versus Music Therapy for Sleep and Mental Well-being in Post-COVID-19 Hospitalised Patients: A Three-arm Randomised Controlled Trial.","authors":"Vikram Jain, Monika Pathania, Prasan Kumar Panda, Mahendra Singh, Prateek Harsora, Sumit Sharma","doi":"10.1177/09727531261451357","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261451357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant increase in mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder and sleep disturbances, particularly among recently hospitalised patients. Non-pharmacological interventions such as Yoga Nidra and Music Therapy offer cost-effective and accessible alternatives for improving psychological well-being and sleep quality in this population.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects of Yoga Nidra and Music Therapy on sleep quality, mental health and overall well-being among recently recovered, hospitalised COVID-19 patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This three-arm, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial (RCT) enrolled 90 adults recently discharged following COVID-19 hospitalisation. Participants were randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio into Yoga Nidra, Music Therapy or standard care groups. Both interventions were delivered online via Zoom for 30 min daily over 30 days. Sleep quality, mental health and well-being were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS^®) Global Health Scale and the World Health Organization Well-Being Index (WHO-5) at baseline day 0, day 15 and day 30. All outcomes were treated as exploratory.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both the Yoga Nidra and Music Therapy groups demonstrated significant improvements in PSQI, PROMIS and WHO-5 scores at day 15 and day 30 compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < .001 for all measures). Large effect sizes were observed across outcomes (partial <i>η</i>² = 0.195-0.795). Yoga Nidra showed greater improvements in overall well-being (WHO-5) and global health (PROMIS^®), while Music Therapy demonstrated stronger effects on sleep quality (PSQI). No significant changes were observed in the control group. No adverse events were reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this exploratory RCT, Yoga Nidra and Music Therapy were associated with significant improvements in sleep quality, mental health and overall well-being among post-COVID-19 hospitalised patients compared with standard care alone. These accessible, low-cost therapies may serve as valuable adjuncts to standard care for managing post-COVID psychological distress and sleep disturbances. Larger confirmatory trials are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261451357"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341673/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Plasma Neurexin-3 with Severity of Schizophrenia.","authors":"Neha Keshri, Hanumanthappa Nandeesha, Vikas Menon","doi":"10.1177/09727531261452824","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261452824","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Synaptic plasticity markers are known to be altered in schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The objectives of the study were to analyse neurexin-3 levels and their relation with severity in schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 216 schizophrenia patients and 216 healthy volunteers were enrolled. Neurexin-3 was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The severity of schizophrenia was determined using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Neurexin-3 levels were significantly reduced (<i>p</i> < .001) and positively associated with negative symptom score (<i>p</i> = .037), general psychopathological score (<i>p</i> = .025) and total PANSS score (<i>p</i> = .019) in schizophrenia cases. Neurexin-3 was significantly increased (<i>p</i> < .05), and disease duration (<i>p</i> < .05) was significantly reduced in schizophrenia patients with marked illness compared to those with mild illness.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We conclude that neurexin-3 is reduced and is associated with the severity of schizophrenia.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261452824"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341669/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Decoding of Human Behaviour and Personality.","authors":"Prafull Kamble, Dipti Magan, Vandana Daulatabad, Raj Kumar Yadav, Hemant Bhargav, Shivam Pandey","doi":"10.1177/09727531261456956","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261456956","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human behaviour and personality are a unique psychosomatic constitution of every individual, and they may have diverse applications in the field of medicine. Conventional methods used to conduct behavioral and personality examination in medical research and clinical practice are found to have limitations, which make their validity questionable.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To date, no study has explored the objective quantification of human behaviour and personality among Indian healthcare professionals. Also, being an important component of evidence-based decision-making in research and clinical domains, this analysis will scan human behaviour non-invasively to study the cognitive neuroscience functions among health care professionals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The present research was a cross-sectional study; out of forty-five (n = 45), thirty-eight (n = 38) participants completed the study. The participants were attendees of a workshop during a National Conference of Physiology in October, 2025. All the participants completed evidence-based advanced Prakriti Analysis Instrument (PAI) objectively through provided link.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The present study showed the balanced prakriti tri-doshas- vata, pitta and kapha among health care professionals, as no single doshas was overwhelming dominant. On further analysis, the physical features were found to be more variant than physiological and psychological features, as prakriti is not a static category; rather, it is characterized by continuous evolution and transformation. On the other hand, the physiological and psychological features were found to be balanced in association with their behavioral pattern signatures among healthcare professionals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>PAI could be a valuable non-invasive tool for future behaviour and personality biomarkers which will help to understand and describe individual health status and cognitive attributes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261456956"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13341675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Hypoxia-responsive Cell Cycle Hub Genes as Prognostic Markers in Glioblastoma.","authors":"Manish K Sharma, Jonita Chongtham, Ashish Bhushan, Kunzang Chosdol, Subrata Sinha, Tapasya Srivastava","doi":"10.1177/09727531261453688","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261453688","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain malignancy, characterised by hypoxia-driven proliferation, therapeutic resistance and poor prognosis. While hypoxia-induced transcriptional changes are well documented, the temporal regulation of cell cycle genes under sustained hypoxia remains unclear.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to profile transcriptomic alterations induced by graded hypoxia and identify key hypoxia-responsive regulatory genes in GBM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>U87MG cells were cultured under normoxia and graded hypoxia (1-3 days), and experimental data of U87MG and LN229 GBM cells were utilised for validation and addressing heterogeneity. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analysed using STRING, Cytoscape, MCODE and CytoHubba to construct protein-protein interaction networks and extract hub genes. Functional enrichment was assessed through DAVID, ClueGO and KEGG, while prognostic relevance was evaluated using GlioVis and ONCOMINE data sets. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) validated hub gene expression dynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 275 DEGs formed two main functional modules enriched in cell cycle regulation and chemokine signalling. Eighteen hub genes (<i>KIF20A</i>, <i>KIFC1</i>, <i>CCNB1</i>, <i>AURKA</i>, <i>EGR1</i>, <i>CDCA3</i>, <i>CENPF</i>, <i>CDCA2</i>, <i>ASPM</i>, <i>KIF11</i>, <i>CCL2</i>, <i>CXCL8</i>, <i>CCNA2</i>, <i>DLGAP5</i>, <i>RACGAP1</i>, <i>TPX2</i>, <i>PTGS2</i> and <i>CTGF</i>) were significantly associated with mitotic processes and GBM progression. Survival analysis demonstrated that 17 hub genes correlated with poor overall survival (<i>p</i> < .05). qRT-PCR confirmed that hub gene expression peaked during early hypoxia and declined with prolonged exposure, indicating dynamic regulatory adaptation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings identify key hypoxia-responsive genes governing cell cycle progression and immunomodulation in GBM, highlighting their prognostic value and therapeutic potential in GBM.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261453688"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13328107/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Anxiety and Sensation-seeking Tendencies in Young Adults.","authors":"Gopal Chandra Mahakud, Dija Ahammed C, Adwaith Bino","doi":"10.1177/09727531261455612","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261455612","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Social anxiety and sensation seeking are contrasting psychological constructs. Social anxiety is associated with fear of negative evaluation, whereas sensation seeking involves the pursuit of novel, varied, and exciting experiences.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study examined the relationship between social anxiety and sensation seeking and explored gender differences in these variables among young adults.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A total of 224 young adults (128 females and 96 males) participated in the study. Data were collected using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) and Zuckerman's Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS). Independent samples t-tests were used to assess gender differences, and Pearson's correlation was used to examine the relationship between the variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Significant gender differences were found in social anxiety, t(208) = 4.40, p < .001, and sensation seeking, t(208) = 4.64, p < .001, with males scoring higher on both measures. Pearson's correlation revealed a significant negative relationship between social anxiety and sensation seeking (r = -0.243, p < .01).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Higher levels of social anxiety were associated with lower sensation-seeking behaviour. The findings highlight the influence of anxiety on sensation -seeking tendencies, although sociocultural and psychological factors may also shape these behaviours.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261455612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13328112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148389819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Normative Heart Rate Variability Parameters Across Age and Gender in Healthy Adults from an Apex Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India.","authors":"Anish Singhal, Athira M Das, Vishnu Akhil Raj Kumar Y, Arun Mitra, Shival Srivastav, Billa Anala, Arijit Sarkar, Kalpana M, Ganji V, Taranikanti Madhuri, Nitin Ashok John","doi":"10.1177/09727531261454450","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261454450","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Autonomic regulation of the heart is commonly assessed using heart rate variability (HRV), which reflects beat-to-beat fluctuations in heart rate. Time- and frequency-domain HRV indices are known to vary with age, sex and environmental influences. However, existing reference values are largely derived from Western populations, underscoring the need for region-specific normative HRV data.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study aimed to develop comprehensive, region-specific reference values for HRV and to examine age- and gender-related differences in HRV indices in a predominantly South Indian population.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study recruited 272 healthy adults aged 18-80 years, predominantly from South India. Five-minute resting ECG recordings were obtained for HRV analysis. Standard time- and frequency-domain HRV parameters were calculated. Data normality was assessed prior to analysis. Baseline comparisons were performed across gender and across three predefined age groups, followed by appropriate post hoc analysis. A prior power analysis was also conducted.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 249 healthy individuals were included in the final analysis. Normative reference values for time- and frequency-domain HRV parameters were established. Males exhibited lower resting heart rate and higher LF/HF ratio, whereas females demonstrated significantly higher root mean square of successive difference and percentage of successive RR intervals differing from the previous interval by more than 50 ms. Age-wise analysis revealed a more pronounced decline in mean RR interval beyond 30 years of age. Compared with individuals younger than 30 years, those older than 30 years showed significant reductions in HRV-particularly in time-domain parameters and frequency-domain indices.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study provides 5-min HRV reference data for healthy adults from a predominantly South Indian population. Both age and gender independently influenced HRV indices, with an age-related decline in overall HRV and higher vagal tone observed in women compared to men. The observed deviations from international Task Force reference values suggest population-specific influences, potentially related to ethnicity, lifestyle and environmental factors. We advocate the generation of region-specific HRV data sets by different centres to get a holistic picture of region- and population-specific variations in HRV.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261454450"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13318826/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148366886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccine-triggered Relapsing Immune Dysregulation: An Observational Study with Four-year Follow-up.","authors":"C S Vidhya Annapoorni, S R Chandra, Thomas Gregor Isaac","doi":"10.1177/09727531261434290","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261434290","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vaccination against COVID-19 infection became mandatory because of the field situation during the pandemic.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Vaccine efficacy and safety need many field years of study; time constraints due to the pandemic limited the same. A hospital-based study was done in South India among patients who presented with immune-mediated disorders in temporal correlation with COVID-19 vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study period was 20 months, from March 2020 to November 2021. There were a total of 3,235 patients with neurological issues seen in two tertiary institutions, catering predominantly to patients from lower socio-economic strata in South India. A total of 1,007 (31.12%) patients had received COVID-19 vaccination (single dose in 511 [50.7%] and both doses in 496 [49.3%]). The general prevalence of primary demyelinating disease was compared with the background of vaccine-induced demyelination. Chi-square test was utilised for determining the association between neurological sequelae and the type of vaccine administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eighteen patients had neurological sequelae, and 16 had a monophasic pattern. Recurrent autoimmunity was seen in two patients who took the Sputnik vaccine. Comparing the prevalence of primary multiple sclerosis (MS) versus vaccine-induced demyelination, there was a statistically significant difference (<i>χ</i> ² = 572.38; <i>p</i> < .001), which indicates a definite role of vaccination in these patients. The association between neurological manifestations of Covishield and Covaxin showed no statistically significant difference in neurological sequelae (<i>χ</i> ² = 0.0466; <i>p</i> = .8). The Sputnik vaccine was not considered, as the number was less than five. Anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated recurrent optic neuritis was seen in one patient, and tongue atrophy, pyramidal signs, ulcerative colitis and arthritis after 3 months, and C-ANCA positivity were seen following the Sputnik vaccine in one patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Vaccination is an effective public health intervention. However, in susceptible individuals, it can probably trigger a recurrent and multisystem event by immune dysregulation. The association is an observation-based postulate that needs a longer, larger follow-up. As per this study, it is non-fatal and remits permanently.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261434290"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314644/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological and Cognitive Effects of Transcendental Meditation: Evidence from EEG Biomarkers and Reaction Time.","authors":"Vandana Daulatabad, Prafull K, Estelle H, Naveen R, Afna A, Anala B, Neeraja V, Dipti Magan, Hemant Bhargav, Nitin John","doi":"10.1177/09727531261453166","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531261453166","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Transcendental meditation (TM) is broadly trained mind-body intervention for its prospective benefits on physical and mental health. However, evidence exploring its effects on brain connectivity and cognitive performance remains inadequate.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This research aimed to evaluate the influence of TM on EEG functional connectivity and audiovisual reaction time in healthy adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective single group study was undertaken after institutional ethical approval among 34 healthy adults aged between 25-50 years who completed a 12-week transcendental meditation intervention (20 minutes/day, 5 days/week). Physiological parameters including pulse rate and blood pressure were recorded using standardized protocols. Neurophysiological assessment was performed using a 32-channel EEG system and functional connectivity was analysed using Weighted Phase Lag Index (WPLI). Cognitive performance was assessed by audio-visual reaction time. Pre-post-intervention differences were analysed using paired t-test and effect sizes were calculated using Cohen's <i>d</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>TM practice significantly reduced systolic and diastolic blood pressure, along with significant reduction in pulse rate with a small effect size (p = 0.021, d = 0.29). EEG analysis showed increased functional connectivity across fronto-central and occipital regions. Visual and auditory reaction times improved significantly, with the largest effect observed in auditory reaction time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>TM enhances cardiovascular regulation, brain connectivity and cognitive processing speed, reflecting improved neural efficiency and autonomic balance. It may serve as a simple, non-pharmacological approach for improving cognitive performance and well-being.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":"09727531261453166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13314675/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148359048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}