Annals of Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Self-esteem and Locus of Control as Predictors of Academic Achievement: A Study Among Graduate Students","authors":"S. Suraj, R. Lohi, Brij Singh, Pradeep S Patil","doi":"10.1177/09727531231183214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531231183214","url":null,"abstract":"Earlier researchers have explored the individual impacts of locus of control and self-esteem on academic as well as nonacademic success. But limited attention was given to their interplay within a university context. By integrating these variables into a unified framework, a more comprehensive understanding of the learning processes of university students can be achieved, which can further help in developing strategies to improve the overall learning outcome and come out as successful individuals. The aim of this study is to find out the contribution of locus of control and self-esteem toward academic achievement at graduation and across various demographic factors—socioeconomic status, family type, age, and different streams of graduation). The sample consists of MBA students ( n = 200) coming from different graduation streams, both male and female, in the age group of 21–27 years. Data was collected through the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale and Rotter’s Locus of control. A descriptive analysis and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. Sixty-two percent had an internal locus of control, and 38% had an external locus of control. Forty-one percent had low self-esteem, and 59% had high self-esteem. There was a significant correlation between self-esteem, locus of control, and academic achievement. Self-esteem and locus of control totally predicted 41% of the variation in academic achievement, with self-esteem and locus of control both being stronger factors to predict academic achievement. Area (rural, urban), family type (nuclear, joint), and academic scores have a strong correlation with locus of control and self-esteem. MBA students are the future leaders. For them to be successful leaders, interventions can be designed to increase self-esteem, which would help them have faith in their abilities and achieve their objectives by taking responsibility for the outcome of challenging situations.","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65337948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Hyperdense Artery Sign in Early Detection of Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Validation Study","authors":"Yusra Waheed, Hussain Sohail Rangwala, Hareer Fatima, Faiza Riaz, F. Mubarak","doi":"10.1177/09727531231183872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531231183872","url":null,"abstract":"Hyperdense middle cerebral artery sign (HMCAS) on a non-enhanced multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scan is considered an important radiological marker in detecting acute arterial thrombotic occlusion, and it is one of the earliest signs of ischemic cerebrovascular accident (CVA). This finding has been observed within 90 min of symptom onset. Modern approaches to patients with cerebral infarction emphasize early diagnosis and management. To determine the diagnostic accuracy of hyperdense artery signs in early detection of middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction on non-contrast-enhanced MDCT scan using Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) within 24 h as the gold standard for definitive diagnosis. A total of 140 patients aged 35–70 years, referred to the radiology department of Aga Khan University Hospital with clinical suspicion of acute cerebral infarction, were included. After clinical suspicion of acute infarction, the patient underwent an initial complete MDCT scan of the brain, which was performed using Aquilion ONE 640 slice MDCT (Toshiba Medical Systems, Japan). Consultant radiologists, with a minimum of 5 years of experience in MDCT brain imaging, interpreted the images. Follow-up examination with MRA within 24 h was performed to confirm the diagnosis of MCA infarction. Overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of HMCAS in the early detection of MCA infarction on non-contrast-enhanced MDCT scan using MRA as the gold standard for definitive diagnosis was 96.20%, 93.44%, 95.0%, 95.0%, and 95.0%, respectively. This study concluded that the diagnostic accuracy of hyperdense artery signs in the early detection of MCA infarction on non-contrast-enhanced MDCT scans is very high.","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43800535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcarpal Motor Conduction Velocity: Repeatability and Application in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome.","authors":"Pinaki Das,&nbsp;Parasar Ghosh,&nbsp;Subhankar Halder,&nbsp;Subhankar Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09727531221142399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531221142399","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Conduction velocity of the short segment of the median motor nerve, <i>across wrist</i> (transcarpal motor conduction velocity (TCMCV)), has been used to increase diagnostic yield in carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, repeatability of this parameter has not been studied till date. It has not been used as an indicator of response to treatment. Using surface stimulation techniques, it is difficult to localize the sites of stimulation of transcarpal segment of median nerve in palm. As a result, small errors in measurements of TCMCV can be magnified and variability of TCMCV may occur on successive measurements. Despite this possible variation, TCMCV can be a useful tool for assessing response to therapy, if its repeatability is assessed and a cut-off value determined for a significant change in nerve conduction velocity.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>In this study, it was determined whether TCMCV is repeatable. If found to be repeatable, we show a method to determine the cut-off value of the change in this parameter for it to be considered significant.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Difference between values of TCMCV on successive measurements was obtained in hands of 26 controls. Repeatability of this parameter was determined in this control population following criteria of British Standards Institution. In 19 patients of CTS, treated with intracarpal steroid injection, pre-treatment and post-treatment values of TCMCV, and of symptom severity scale (SSS) and functional status scale (FSS), were obtained at 1, 2, and 3 months <i>after treatment</i>.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Repeat measurements of TCMCV were made in each hand of all controls. After applying criteria of British Standards Institution, to such recordings, TCMCV was found to be repeatable and the cut-off value for significant change determined. According to this cut-off value, 4 patients of CTS showed improvement in TCMCV, with <i>consistent</i> improvement in SSS and FSS. Change in TCMCV corroborated qualitatively with changes in SSS and FSS.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Repeatability of TCMCV can be assessed by criteria of British Standards Institution and a cut-off value determined to use it as an indicator of response to treatment in CTS.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"154-162"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/a6/bd/10.1177_09727531221142399.PMC10540766.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41094535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Meditation in Ameliorating Examination Stress Induced Changes in Cardiovascular and Autonomic Functions.","authors":"Anumeha Bhagat,&nbsp;Shival Srivastav,&nbsp;Anita S Malhotra,&nbsp;Ravi Rohilla,&nbsp;Ajeet K Sidana,&nbsp;K K Deepak","doi":"10.1177/09727531231169629","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531231169629","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Examination stress is a very well-known model of psychological stress in students. It induces changes in systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), along with changes in heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), due to autonomic perturbations.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To find out if Raj Yoga meditation (RYM) practice affects autonomic and cardiovascular function in healthy young subjects during periods of examination stress. Our primary objective was to evaluate the effect of one month of supervised RYM practice on ameliorating examination-induced changes in cardiovascular and autonomic function. The secondary objective was to measure the stress levels of medical students before and after RYM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pre-training measurements of SBP, DBP, HRV, and BRS were done, and the Medical Student Stressor Questionnaire (MSSQ) was administered to 80 participants one month before examinations. They were then trained in RYM. Post-training assessment of the same parameters was done after examinations and also after two months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In our study, RYM training decreased DBP (<i>p</i> = 0.01) but not SBP. BRS showed a trend towards an increase after RYM practice, but it was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.44). The standard deviation of the NN interval (SDNN) (<i>p</i> = 0.03), low-frequency (LF) nu (0.003), and high-frequency (HF) nu (0.04) showed a statistically significant change. Average RR, median RR, average rate, square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD), pRR, total power, LF (µs²), and LF/HF ratio were not statistically significantly different between the three groups. There was a statistically significant decline in MSSQ scores for MSSQ I (<i>p</i> = 0.04), MSSQ II (<i>p</i> = 0.04), and MSSQ IV (<i>p</i> = 0.03).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Short-term practice of supervised RYM during stressful periods is protective for the cardiovascular and autonomic systems and decreases stress in medical students.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"188-196"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/57/d9/10.1177_09727531231169629.PMC10540765.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41098337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Endometriosis and Depression: A Double Agony for Women.","authors":"Payal Kanwar Chandel,&nbsp;Pawan Kumar Maurya,&nbsp;Sajad Hussain,&nbsp;Divya Vashistha,&nbsp;Shreya Sharma","doi":"10.1177/09727531231152022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531231152022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Endometriosis is defined as a condition in which a formation of abnormal endometrial tissue outside the uterus takes place. Irrespective of any ethnic and socioeconomic class, the prevalence of the diseases has been seen among women of reproductive age. Endometriosis has been seen adversely affect the physical, psychological, social, and career of women.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This paper aims to identify and describe the experiences and outcomes of endometriosis healthcare by reviewing the existing literature on social and psychological effects of endometriosis. The study serves the purpose of providing insights on women's dual suffering (mental and social health) and critical comments on the present state of knowledge in order to make future recommendations for psycho-social research. The review included systematic search of the articles from various disciplines like, biology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc. A structured process of screening with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria was used to select the articles. The analysis of the articles resulted that woman diagnosed with endometriosis reported poor quality of life and the following symptoms such as anxiety, stress, Chronic Pelvic Pain (CPP), anxiety, dyspareunia, and dysmenorrhea. However, depression appears prominent among women diagnosed with endometriosis. There are few strategies mentioned that can be used to deal with endometriosis.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>The most promising causes of endometriosis include abnormality in immune functioning, atypical endometriotic growth, genetics, epigenetic, embryogenetic theory, and endocrine disruptors. The ill effects have been noted in the following domains of women's life such as work, close relationships, social well-being, and education, deteriorating their quality-of-life manifold. Psychological intervention is required to deal with the disorder as only medical treatment with pain may not be sufficient. Though, the condition can be improved by providing awareness regarding the severity of the disorder at the school and community levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"205-209"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/25/97/10.1177_09727531231152022.PMC10540762.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41108572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression in Diabetes-The Hidden Bane.","authors":"Arun Shirali,&nbsp;Yeshoda M,&nbsp;Priyanka Arun Shirali,&nbsp;Sarah","doi":"10.1177/09727531221144112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531221144112","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In India, a number of diabetes patients are rising, around 41 million Indians are suffering from diabetes. The depressed mood of an individual restricts the performance of that individual-socially, financially, and health-wise.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Patients with diabetes having depression have shown worst diabetes outcomes in contrast to those suffering from type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) only, perhaps due to neglect at retaining a specific dietary regimen to control blood sugar levels, and/or not complying with regular exercise, consistent lifestyle, and treatment course. Our study aimed to analyze the presence of undiagnosed depression among adult diabetes patients and correlate complications and duration of T2DM with depression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional observational study was conducted on diabetes cases visiting Out Patient Department (OPD) at Tertiary Care Hospital in South India. After obtaining ethics committee clearance, known diabetes adult patients on regular treatment fulfilling selection criteria, and willing to join in the study were randomly selected. Participants were interviewed, clinically examined and data pertaining to sociodemographic characteristics, comorbid conditions, clinical parameters etc., were collected. Depression was judged using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17) questionnaire. The association of depression with glycemic control, duration, and comorbidities associated with T2DM was studied.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 224 T2DM patients studied, the average age was 58 years, with a Male-to-Female ratio 2:1. In total, 49 (22%) had undiagnosed depression, and 175 (78%) were not having clinically obvious depression. In our study, depression was significantly associated with older age, occurrence of complications like retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, and heart disease, and duration of diabetes (<i>p</i> < .005).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Almost a fifth of diabetes individuals had undiagnosed depression. Proper diagnosis of depression among T2DM patients and intervention at right time can change the prognosis for patients, preventing further morbidities.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"163-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b3/a6/10.1177_09727531221144112.PMC10540763.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41098336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Autonomic Nervous System and Control of Visual Function.","authors":"Ashwini D L,&nbsp;T R Raju","doi":"10.1177/09727531231176119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531231176119","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding author: T. R. Raju, Department of Neurophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, Karnataka 560029, India. E-mails: trraju.nimhans@gmail.com or director.research@sankaraeye.com The peripheral nervous system element known as the autonomic nervous system regulates involuntary neurobiological processes such as heart rate, blood pressure, and breathing rate as well as ocular changes such as accommodation, intraocular pressure (IOP) regulation, and pupil size. Autonomic afferents are found in almost all ocular parts and regulate local balance in the body via antagonistic and synergistic interactions. The current review illustrates the critical role played by ANS in regulating visual functions. Any imbalance in the functioning of ANS can lead to pathological changes such as myopia and hyperopic defocus. The sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems comprise the autonomic nervous system. Both peripheral nerve fibers and innervation are found in the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which receive sensory input from the central nervous system (CNS) and transmit motor output from it. A preganglionic neuron with a cell in the CNS and a postganglionic neuron with a cell body in the periphery are typically found in SNS and PNS pathways.1 Numerous studies have found that the ANS accurately controls the physiological functions of the eye, including the regulation of IOP, pupil dimensions, lens accommodation, and circulation within the eyes. Nearly, all ocular components contain autonomic innervation for regulating local homeostasis through antagonistic and synergistic interactions.2 Numerous ocular functions are influenced by the ocular projections of ANS. There are two of them: (1) pupillary diameter and ocular accommodation, each controlled by the eye’s muscles in the iris and ciliary body; these structures are innervated by the ciliary (parasympathetic) and postganglionic fibers of the upper cervical (sympathetic) ganglia and (2) ocular blood flow controlled by the vascular system of the optic nerve, retina, choroid, and iris. The production and excretion of the aqueous humor are primarily regulated to control IOP. Aqueous humor formation is significantly influenced by the autoregulation of the ciliary epithelium and its blood vessels, so even though intracellular outflow is influenced by the control of the episcleral vascular system and trabecular meshwork. Postganglionic fibers from the superior cervical (sympathetic) and pterygoid (parasympathetic) ganglia innervate these tissues (Figures 1 and 2).3 The ANS primarily regulates the function of the majority of the intraocular muscles in the eyes. Additionally, the pupillary light reflex (PLR) is frequently utilized to identify ANS dysfunction.4 Nerve endings are capable of secreting solubilized trophic materials that promote lacrimal gland production, elicit eye movement’s reaction times, and maintain the integrity of the cornea","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"151-153"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c8/df/10.1177_09727531231176119.PMC10540761.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41100282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missed Cerebral Venous Thrombosis: A Diagnostic Challenge.","authors":"Priyanka V Kashyap,&nbsp;Manshi Kashyap,&nbsp;Arpit Dhiran,&nbsp;Akanxa Yadav","doi":"10.1177/09727531231183242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531231183242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rates of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT) misdiagnosis or at times delayed diagnosis and related outcomes have remained underexplore, and also there is less knowledge about the long-term outcome of patients with untreated cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT). Long-term presentations of untreated CVT are rare. We hereby presenting series of four interesting patients of chronic CVT whose diagnosis was missed and how varied chronic presentations of untreated CVT appeared to neurology and how subtle radiologic features helped with correct diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"197-204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/52/1e/10.1177_09727531231183242.PMC10540759.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41097273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unravelling the Enigma: How Behavioural Addictions Alter the Developing Child Brain?","authors":"Manoj K Pandey, Krishan Kumar, And Akshay Anand","doi":"10.1177/09727531231197513","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531231197513","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"149-150"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/04/10.1177_09727531231197513.PMC10540760.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41100001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Difference in Word Order on Semantic Processing in Hindi-English Bilinguals.","authors":"Geet Govind Anand,&nbsp;Kalpana K Barhwal,&nbsp;Manish Goyal,&nbsp;Bodepudi Narasimha Rao","doi":"10.1177/09727531221146825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531221146825","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The typology of word order in Hindi (Subject-Object-Verb, SOV) differs from that of English (Subject-Verb-Object, SVO). Bilinguals whose two languages have conflicting word order provide a unique opportunity to understand how word order affects language processing. Earlier behavioural and event-related brain potential (ERP) studies with Spanish-Basque bilinguals showed longer reading times and more errors in the comprehension of OSV sentences than SOV sentences in Basque language, indicating that non-canonical word orders (OSV) were difficult to process than canonical word order (SOV).</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study was designed to explore how the difference in word order in Hindi and English languages affects N400 parameters in proficient Hindi-English bilinguals, using semantic congruity paradigm.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-five proficient Hindi-English bilingual subjects were asked to silently read the congruent and incongruent sentences presented in one word at a time in both the languages. ERPs were recorded from midline frontal, central and parietal sites.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean amplitude of the N400 effect at the parietal sites in Hindi-English proficient bilinguals was larger for English than for Hindi but there was no significant difference in the N400 latencies.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Hindi-English bilingual subjects processed SOV and SVO sentences with equal ease as evidenced by the N400 latencies. Higher amplitude of the N400 effect with English sentences indicate that placing 'Object' as the final word makes sentences more predictable than verb as the final word. Understanding the word order difference might help to unravel the neurophysiological mechanisms of language comprehension and may offer some insights in terms of functional advantage of a particular word order in bilinguals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"30 3","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/af/21/10.1177_09727531221146825.PMC10540767.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41108573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}