Annals of Neurosciences最新文献

{"title":"Tracking the Progression and Influence of Beta-Amyloid Plaques Using Percolation Centrality and Collective Influence Algorithm: A Study Using PET Images.","authors":"Gautam Kumar Baboo,&nbsp;Raghav Prasad,&nbsp;Pranav Mahajan,&nbsp;Veeky Baths","doi":"10.1177/09727531221117633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531221117633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The study of brain networks, particularly the spread of disease, is made easier thanks to the network theory. The aberrant accumulation of beta-amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles in Alzheimer's disease causes disruption in brain networks. The evaluation scores, such as the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and neuropsychiatric inventory questionnaire, which provide a clinical diagnosis, are affected by this build-up.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The percolation of beta-amyloid/tau tangles and their impact on cognitive tests are still unspecified.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Percolation centrality could be used to investigate beta-amyloid migration as a characteristic of positron emission tomography (PET)-image-based networks. The PET-image-based network was built utilizing a public database containing 551 scans published by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. Each image in the Julich atlas has 121 zones of interest, which are network nodes. Furthermore, the influential nodes for each scan are computed using the collective influence algorithm.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For five nodal metrics, analysis of variance (ANOVA; <i>P</i> < .05) reveals the region of interest (ROI) in gray matter (GM) Broca's area for Pittsburgh compound B (PiB) tracer type. The GM hippocampus area is significant for three nodal metrics in the case of florbetapir (AV45). Pairwise variance analysis of the clinical groups reveals five to twelve statistically significant ROIs for AV45 and PiB, respectively, that can distinguish between pairs of clinical situations. Based on multivariate linear regression, the MMSE is a trustworthy evaluation tool.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Percolation values suggest that around 50 of the memory, visual-spatial skills, and language ROIs are critical to the percolation of beta-amyloids within the brain network when compared to the other extensively used nodal metrics. The anatomical areas rank higher with the advancement of the disease, according to the collective influence algorithm.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"209-224"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/fa/17/10.1177_09727531221117633.PMC10101156.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive Changes in Sickle Cell Disease: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Tarun Sahu,&nbsp;Babita Pande,&nbsp;Meenakshi Sinha,&nbsp;Ramanjan Sinha,&nbsp;Henu Kumar Verma","doi":"10.1177/09727531221108871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531221108871","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a type of hemoglobinopathy characterized by abnormal hemoglobin molecules, which includes numerous acute and chronic complications. Ischemic stroke, silent cerebral infarction, headache, and neurocognitive impairment are the most common neurological complications associated with SCD.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>Acute anemia because of SCD can cause cognitive impairments because of cerebral hypoxia. Cognitive abnormalities in SCD manifest in various aspects such as working memory, verbal learning, executive functions, and attention. These neurocognitive impairments have been associated with poor functional results, such as transitioning from juvenile to adult care, adherence to medications, and unemployment.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>In this review, we focus on neurocognitive aspects of SCD patients based on different imaging techniques, psychological batteries, associated neuromarkers, and interventions for managing of cognitive deficiencies..</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"255-268"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/48/32/10.1177_09727531221108871.PMC10101159.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Current Status of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Mental and Behavioral Health Treatment.","authors":"Krishan Kumar,&nbsp;M L Charan,&nbsp;Akshay Anand","doi":"10.1177/09727531231159515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531231159515","url":null,"abstract":"Creative Commons Non Commercial CC BY-NC: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits non-Commercial use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https:// us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage). Editorial","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"197-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/43/b9/10.1177_09727531231159515.PMC10101160.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9686355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Neurofeedback Therapy Adjunct to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Agoraphobia: A Case Study.","authors":"Titiksha Paul,&nbsp;Aakriti Varshney,&nbsp;Anand Pratap Singh","doi":"10.1177/09727531221145768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531221145768","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Agoraphobia has been defined as marked fear or anxiety being in enclosed or open places, using public transportation, and being in a crowd or outside of home alone. Such individuals make active attempts to avoid those places which cause intense distress. The neuronal areas that play a significant role in agoraphobia are uncinate fasciculus, which connects the prefrontal lobe and amygdala and various alterations in anterior cingulate cortex, insula, amygdala, and lateral prefrontal cortex. Neurofeedback is a type of biofeedback which teaches self-control of brain functions by measuring brain waves with the help of electroencephalography (EEG) and providing a feedback signal. With the help of alpha and beta training protocol, neurofeedback therapy will help in enhancing the connectivity between prefrontal cortex and amygdala. The present study aims to explore the therapeutic effectiveness of neurofeedback therapy as an adjunct treatment with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in patients with agoraphobia disorder. A single case study method was adopted. The patient having the symptoms of agoraphobia disorder diagnosed as per ICD-10 criteria was taken in the study. After going through detailed case history and mental status examination, the patient was assessed on psychological measures on baseline and other follow-up visits. A total of 18 therapeutic sessions of neurofeedback therapy (alpha and beta protocol) along with CBT were conducted. Intermittent assessments on Draw A Person Test (DAPT), EEG parameters, Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Panic and Agoraphobia Scale (PAS) were conducted to compare the pre- and post-assessment findings. The results indicated significant improvement in the symptoms of the patient after intervention. The pre- and post-assessment findings and the neurofeedback therapy along with CBT were observed to be effective in treating the symptoms of agoraphobia. Neurofeedback therapy and CBT were proven to be effective in removing the symptoms of agoraphobia disorder within the patient.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"29 4","pages":"249-254"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/5a/10.1177_09727531221145768.PMC10101153.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9316103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Altered Intestinal Permeability Biomarkers in Schizophrenia: A Possible Link with Subclinical Inflammation.","authors":"Kuppan Gokulakrishnan, Joyappa Nikhil, Sreeraj Vs, Bharath Holla, Chinnasamy Thirumoorthy, Narasimhan Sandhya, Sonika Nichenametla, Harsh Pathak, Venkataram Shivakumar, Monojit Debnath, Ganesan Venkatasubramanian, Shivarama Varambally","doi":"10.1177/09727531221108849","DOIUrl":"10.1177/09727531221108849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Emerging studies have shown that gut-derived endotoxins might play a role in intestinal and systemic inflammation. Although the significance of intestinal permeability in modulating the pathogenesis of Schizophrenia (SCZ) is recognized, not much data on the specific role of intestinal permeability biomarkers, viz., zonulin, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), and intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) in SCZ is available. Therefore, we measured the plasma levels of zonulin, LBP, and IAP and its correlation with neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR); a marker of systemic inflammation in patients with SCZ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We recruited 60 individuals, patients with SCZ (<i>n</i> = 40) and healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 20), from a large tertiary neuropsychiatry center. Plasma levels of zonulin, IAP, and LBP were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Plasma levels of both LBP and zonulin were significantly increased (<i>P</i> <0.05), whereas the IAP levels (<i>P</i> <0.05) were significantly decreased in patients with SCZ compared to healthy controls. Pearson correlation analysis revealed that zonulin and LBP had a significant positive correlation with NLR, and IAP negatively correlated with NLR. Individuals with SCZ had higher independent odds of zonulin [odds ratio (OR): 10.32, 95% CI: 1.85-57.12], LBP [OR: 1.039, 95% CI: 1.02-1.07], and IAP [OR: 0.643, 95% CI: 0.471-0.879], even after adjusting for potential confounders.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study demonstrates an association of zonulin, LBP, and IAP in Asian Indian SCZ patients and correlates with NLR. Our results indicate that low-grade inflammation induced by metabolic endotoxemia might be implicated in the pathoetiology of SCZ.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"29 2-3","pages":"151-158"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/56/0d/10.1177_09727531221108849.PMC9676334.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10729445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytomorphological Analysis and Interpretation of Nitric Oxide-Mediated Neurotoxicity in Sleep-Deprived Mice Model.","authors":"Reena Chittora,&nbsp;Ayushi Jain,&nbsp;Sunil Dutt Shukla,&nbsp;Maheep Bhatnagar","doi":"10.1177/09727531211059925","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531211059925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sleep deprivation (SD) is a biological stress condition for the brain, and the pathogenesis of SD is closely related to elevated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, a major cause of neurodegeneration. This oxidative stress-mediated cell death is attributed to rise in calcium ion influx which further excites or alters the neurotransmitters level by activating neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase (nNOS) release of NO in mouse SD model. This study indicates that the nitrergic neurons are possible therapeutic targets for the amelioration of SD-induced cognitive dysfunction and behavioral alterations.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>SD is considered as a risk factor for various neurodegenerative diseases. SD leads to biochemical, behavioral, and neurochemical alterations in animals. This study was designed to explore the possible involvement of a nitrergic neuron system in six days SD-induced morphological and neurodegenerative changes in mice.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using nNOS immunohistochemistry, we have investigated the effects of SD on nNOS positive neurons. Immunohistochemical study for the distribution of nNOS positive neuronal cell bodies was carried out in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex (PFC), and amygdaloid nuclei of mice brain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sleep-deprived animals showed a significantly increased number of nNOS positive neurons and altered neuronal cytomorphology as compared with the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>These results indicate that total SD may induce morphological changes in nNOS positive neurons in the brain, thus increasing NO synthesis, which is implicated in SD-induced neuronal cell death.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"7-15"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/f1/58/10.1177_09727531211059925.PMC9305911.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Non-contact BallistocardiographySystem to Determine Heart Rate Variability.","authors":"Gaurav Parchani,&nbsp;Gulshan Kumar,&nbsp;Raghavendra Rao,&nbsp;Kaviraja Udupa,&nbsp;Vibhor Saran","doi":"10.1177/09727531211063426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531211063426","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Functions of the autonomic nervous system have cardinal importance in day-to-day life. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been shown to estimate the functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Imbalance in the functioning of the autonomic nervous system is seen to be associated with chronic conditions such as chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and so on. Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy of a non-contact ballistocardiography (BCG) system to calculate HRV parameters by comparing them to the parameters derived from a standard commercial software that uses an electrocardiogram (ECG). Methods: Current study captured an ECG signal using a three-channel ECG Holter machine, whereas the BCG signal was captured using a BCG sensor sheet consisting of vibroacoustic sensors placed under the mattress of the participants of the study. Results: The study was conducted on 24 subjects for a total of 54 overnight recordings. The proposed method covered 97.92% epochs of the standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN) and 99.27% epochs of root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) within 20 ms and 30 ms tolerance, respectively, whereas 98.84% of two-min intervals for low-frequency (LF) to high-frequency (HF) ratio was covered within a tolerance of 1. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was also calculated, giving a P < .001 for all the three parameters and coefficients 0.66, 0.55, and 0.44 for SDNN, RMSSD, and LF/HF, respectively. Conclusion: The results show that HRV parameters captured using unobtrusive and non-invasive BCG sensors are comparable to HRV calculated using ECG.","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"16-20"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/9d/a1/10.1177_09727531211063426.PMC9305910.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sign and Spoken Language Processing Differences in the Brain: A Brief Review of Recent Research.","authors":"Hayley Bree Caldwell","doi":"10.1177/09727531211070538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531211070538","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is currently accepted that sign languages and spoken languages have significant processing commonalities. The evidence supporting this often merely investigates frontotemporal pathways, perisylvian language areas, hemispheric lateralization, and event-related potentials in typical settings. However, recent evidence has explored beyond this and uncovered numerous modality-dependent processing differences between sign languages and spoken languages by accounting for confounds that previously invalidated processing comparisons and by delving into the specific conditions in which they arise. However, these processing differences are often shallowly dismissed as unspecific to language.</p><p><strong>Summary: </strong>This review examined recent neuroscientific evidence for processing differences between sign and spoken language modalities and the arguments against these differences' importance. Key distinctions exist in the topography of the left anterior negativity (LAN) and with modulations of event-related potential (ERP) components like the N400. There is also differential activation of typical spoken language processing areas, such as the conditional role of the temporal areas in sign language (SL) processing. Importantly, sign language processing uniquely recruits parietal areas for processing phonology and syntax and requires the mapping of spatial information to internal representations. Additionally, modality-specific feedback mechanisms distinctively involve proprioceptive post-output monitoring in sign languages, contrary to spoken languages' auditory and visual feedback mechanisms. The only study to find ERP differences post-production revealed earlier lexical access in sign than spoken languages. Themes of temporality, the validity of an analogous anatomical mechanisms viewpoint, and the comprehensiveness of current language models were also discussed to suggest improvements for future research.</p><p><strong>Key message: </strong>Current neuroscience evidence suggests various ways in which processing differs between sign and spoken language modalities that extend beyond simple differences between languages. Consideration and further exploration of these differences will be integral in developing a more comprehensive view of language in the brain.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"62-70"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d0/fd/10.1177_09727531211070538.PMC9305909.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"17β-Estradiol Concentration and Direct β₂-Adrenoceptor Inhibition Determine Estrogen-Mediated Reversal of Adrenergic Immunosuppression.","authors":"Hannah P Priyanka,&nbsp;A Thiyagaraj,&nbsp;G Krithika,&nbsp;R S Nair,&nbsp;W Hopper,&nbsp;S ThyagaRajan","doi":"10.1177/09727531211070541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531211070541","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sympathetic innervation of lymphoid organs, and the presence of 17β-estradiol (estrogen or E2) and adrenergic receptors (ARs) on lymphocytes, suggests that sympathetic stimulation and hormonal activation may influence immune functions.</p><p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Modeling and simulating these pathways may help to understand the dynamics of neuroendocrine-immune modulation at the cellular and molecular levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Dose- and receptor-dependent effects of E2 and AR subtype-specific agonists were established in vitro on lymphocytes from young male Sprague-Dawley rats and were modeled in silico using the MATLAB Simbiology toolbox. Kinetic principles were assigned to define receptor-ligand dynamics, and concentration/time plots were obtained using Ode15s solvers at different time intervals for key regulatory molecules. Comparisons were drawn between in silico and in vitro data for validating the constructed model with sensitivity analysis of key regulatory molecules to assess their individual impacts on the dynamics of the system. Finally, docking studies were conducted with key ligands E2 and norepinephrine (NE) to understand the mechanistic principles underlying their interactions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Adrenergic activation triggered proapoptotic signals, while E2 enhanced survival signals, showing opposing effects as observed in vitro. Treatment of lymphocytes with E2 shows a 10-fold increase in survival signals in a dose-dependent manner. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) activation is crucial for the activation of survival signals through extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) and cAMP responsive element binding (p-CREB) protein. Docking studies showed the direct inhibition of ERK by NE and β2-AR by E2 explaining how estrogen signaling overrides NE-mediated immunosuppression in vitro.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The cross-talk between E2 and adrenergic signaling pathways determines lymphocyte functions in a receptor subtype and coactivation-dependent manner in health and disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"32-52"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/72/10.1177_09727531211070541.PMC9305908.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Prolonged Intermittent Fasting Model on Energy Metabolism and Mitochondrial Functions in Neurons.","authors":"Meltem Pak,&nbsp;Süleyman Bozkurt,&nbsp;Arzu Pınarbaşı,&nbsp;Devrim Öz Arslan,&nbsp;Fehime Benli Aksungar","doi":"10.1177/09727531211072303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09727531211072303","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Calorie restriction (CR) during daily nutrition has been shown to affect the prognosis of many chronic diseases such as metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and aging. As an alternative nutrition model, prolonged intermittent fasting (PF) in humans is defined by the absence of food for more than 12 h. In our previous human studies, CR and PF models were compared and it was concluded that the two models might have differences in signal transduction mechanisms. We have investigated the effects of these models on neurons at the molecular level in this study. Methods: Neurons (SH-SY5Y) were incubated with normal medium (N), calorie-restricted medium (CR), fasting medium (PF), and glucose-free medium (G0) for 16 h. Simultaneously, ketone (beta-hydroxybutyrate; bOHB) was added to other experiment flasks containing the same media. Concentrations of lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), bOHB, and glucose were measured to demonstrate the changes in the energy metabolism together with the mitochondrial functions of cells. Citrate synthase activity and flow cytometric mitochondrial functions were investigated. Results: At the end of incubations, lactate and LDH levels were decreased and mitochondrial activity was increased in all ketone-added groups (P < .01) regardless of the glucose concentration in the environment. In the fasting model, these differences were more prominent. Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that neurons use ketones regardless of the amount of glucose, and bOHB-treated cells had positive changes in mitochondrial function. We conclude that the presence of bOHB might reverse neuron damage and that exogenous ketone treatment may be beneficial in the treatment of neurological diseases in the future.","PeriodicalId":7921,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Neurosciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"21-31"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/bb/10.1177_09727531211072303.PMC9305913.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40631977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}