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Henry Cavendish and the effect of gravity on propagation of light: a postscript 亨利-卡文迪什与重力对光传播的影响：后记
IF 0.8 4区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00027-4
Karl-Heinz Lotze, Silvia Simionato
{"title":"Henry Cavendish and the effect of gravity on propagation of light: a postscript","authors":"Karl-Heinz Lotze,&nbsp;Silvia Simionato","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00027-4","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00027-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper is devoted to two hitherto unpublished original documents by Henry Cavendish (1731–1810) which provide insight into his calculations of the deflection of light by isolated celestial bodies. Together with a transcription of these documents, we comment on their contents in the present-day language of physics. Moreover, we compare them with a paper by Johann Georg von Soldner (1776–1833) on the same subject.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00027-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73613191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Chronicle of the discovery of the back-bending phenomenon in atomic nuclei: a personal recollection 50 years on 发现原子核反弯曲现象纪事：50 年后的个人回忆
IF 0.8 4区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-08-31 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00023-8
Hans Ryde
{"title":"Chronicle of the discovery of the back-bending phenomenon in atomic nuclei: a personal recollection 50 years on","authors":"Hans Ryde","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00023-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00023-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A chronicle describing the historical context and the development of ideas and experiments leading to the discovery of the back-bending phenomenon in rapidly rotating atomic nuclei some 50 years ago is presented. The moment of inertia of some atomic nuclei increases anomalously at a certain rotational frequency, revealing important clues to our understanding of nuclear structure. I highlight the decisive interactions and contacts between experimentalists and theorists, which created the right environment, allowing for the revelation of an undetected phenomenon in Nature. Finally, I reflect on the key points allowing for the discovery and particularly point to the importance of systematic surveys, which in this case investigated the energy levels in heavy nuclei of a large sample of elements, as well as to the accuracy of the measurements of the ground state levels made at the time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00023-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74535445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A road map for Feynman’s adventures in the land of gravitation 费曼万有引力探险路线图
IF 0.8 4区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-08-26 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00028-3
Marco Di Mauro, Salvatore Esposito, Adele Naddeo
{"title":"A road map for Feynman’s adventures in the land of gravitation","authors":"Marco Di Mauro,&nbsp;Salvatore Esposito,&nbsp;Adele Naddeo","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00028-3","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00028-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Richard P. Feynman’s work on gravitation, as can be inferred from several published and unpublished sources, is reviewed. Feynman was involved with this subject at least from late 1954 to the late 1960s, giving several pivotal contributions to it. Even though he published only three papers, much more material is available, beginning with the records of his many interventions at the Chapel Hill conference in 1957, which are here analyzed in detail, and show that he had already considerably developed his ideas on gravity. In addition, he expressed deep thoughts about fundamental issues in quantum mechanics which were suggested by the problem of quantum gravity, such as superpositions of the wave functions of macroscopic objects and the role of the observer. Feynman also lectured on gravity several times. Besides the famous lectures given at Caltech in 1962–1963, he extensively discussed this subject in a series of lectures delivered at the Hughes Aircraft Company in 1966–1967, whose focus was on astronomy and astrophysics. All this material allows to reconstruct a detailed picture of Feynman’s ideas on gravity and of their evolution until the late sixties. According to him, gravity, like electromagnetism, has quantum foundations, therefore general relativity has to be regarded as the classical limit of an underlying quantum theory; this quantum theory should be investigated by computing physical processes, as if they were experimentally accessible. The same attitude is shown with respect to gravitational waves, as is evident also from an unpublished letter addressed to Victor F. Weisskopf. In addition, an original approach to gravity, which closely mimics (and probably was inspired by) the derivation of the Maxwell equations given by Feynman in that period, is sketched in the unpublished Hughes lectures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75043396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Three Pathbreaking papers of 1966 revisited: their relevance to certain aspects of cosmological creation today 重温 1966 年的三篇开创性论文：它们与当今宇宙学创造的某些方面的相关性
IF 0.8 4区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-08-17 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00025-6
Jayant V. Narlikar
{"title":"Three Pathbreaking papers of 1966 revisited: their relevance to certain aspects of cosmological creation today","authors":"Jayant V. Narlikar","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00025-6","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00025-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This article recalls three papers published by Fred Hoyle and Jayant V. Narlikar consecutively in 1966 in <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society, London</i>. These papers were largely overlooked at the time but a look back today more than fifty years later shows how relevant they might be even today. Fred Hoyle, one of the most imaginative astrophysicists of the twentieth century, gives examples of how his mind functioned running far ahead of the conventional views of the time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82225448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The thermodynamics of black holes: from Penrose process to Hawking radiation 黑洞热力学：从彭罗斯过程到霍金辐射
IF 0.8 4区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00022-9
Carla Rodrigues Almeida
{"title":"The thermodynamics of black holes: from Penrose process to Hawking radiation","authors":"Carla Rodrigues Almeida","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00022-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00022-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In 1969, Roger Penrose proposed a mechanism to extract rotational energy from a Kerr black hole. With this, he inspired two lines of investigation in the years after. On the one side, the Penrose process, as it became known, allowed a comparison between black-hole mechanics and thermodynamics. On the other, it opened a path to a quantum description of those objects. This paper provides a novel take on the events that led to the rise of the thermodynamic theory of black holes, taking as a starting point the Penrose process. It studies the evolution of the research conducted independently by Western and Soviet physicists on the topic, culminating in Stephen Hawking’s groundbreaking discovery that black holes should radiate.\u0000</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83127476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Comment on Clebsch’s 1857 and 1859 papers on using Hamiltonian methods in hydrodynamics 评论克莱布施 1857 年和 1859 年关于在流体力学中使用汉密尔顿方法的论文
IF 0.8 4区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00014-9
Gérard Grimberg, Emanuele Tassi
{"title":"Comment on Clebsch’s 1857 and 1859 papers on using Hamiltonian methods in hydrodynamics","authors":"Gérard Grimberg,&nbsp;Emanuele Tassi","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00014-9","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00014-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The present paper is a companion of two translated articles by Alfred Clebsch, titled “On a general transformation of the hydrodynamical equations” and “On the integration of the hydrodynamical equations” (https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00015-8, https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00016-7). The originals were published in the “Journal für die reine and angewandte Mathematik” (1857 and 1859). Here we provide a detailed critical reading of these articles, which analyzes methods, and results of Clebsch. In the first place, we try to elucidate the algebraic calculus used by Clebsch in several parts of the two articles that we believe to be the most significant ones. We also provide some proofs that Clebsch did not find necessary to explain, in particular concerning the variational principles stated in his two articles and the use of the method of Jacobi’s Last Multiplier. When possible, we reformulate the original expressions by Clebsch in the language of vector analysis, which should be more familiar to the reader. The connections of the results and methods by Clebsch with his scientific context, in particular with the works of Carl Jacobi, are briefly discussed. We emphasize how the representations of the velocity vector field conceived by Clebsch in his two articles, allow for a variational formulation of hydrodynamics equations in the steady and unsteady case. In particular, we stress that what is nowadays known as the “Clebsch variables”, permit to give a canonical Hamiltonian formulation of the equations of fluid mechanics. We also list a number of further developments of the theory initiated by Clebsch, which had an impact on presently active areas of research, within such fields as hydrodynamics and plasma physics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76834407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On a general transformation of the hydrodynamical equations 关于流体力学方程的一般变换
IF 0.8 4区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00015-8
A. Clebsch
{"title":"On a general transformation of the hydrodynamical equations","authors":"A. Clebsch","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00015-8","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00015-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82335564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
On the integration of the hydrodynamical equations 关于流体力学方程的整合
IF 0.8 4区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-08-02 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00016-7
A. Clebsch
{"title":"On the integration of the hydrodynamical equations","authors":"A. Clebsch","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00016-7","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00016-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83925006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Guglielmo Marconi, Augusto Righi and the invention of wireless telegraphy 古列尔莫-马可尼、奥古斯托-里吉和无线电报的发明
IF 0.8 4区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-07-28 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00021-w
Matteo Leone, Nadia Robotti
{"title":"Guglielmo Marconi, Augusto Righi and the invention of wireless telegraphy","authors":"Matteo Leone,&nbsp;Nadia Robotti","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00021-w","DOIUrl":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00021-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the major accomplishments of the late nineteenth-century applied physics was, as it is well known, the development of wireless telegraphy by Guglielmo Marconi, future Nobel laureate. In this paper, we will explore what scientific debt, if any, Marconi had toward another Italian physicist, internationally well known for his research on electromagnetic waves: Augusto Righi. This question will be pursued through a close analysis of Marconi’s first patent, of Righi’s scientific correspondence and of the specialized and popular press of the time. At the end of this analysis, which includes a brief survey of Marconi and Righi’s activity as senators of the Kingdom of Italy, we will better appreciate what Marconi took from contemporary scientists, what specific contributions he is responsible for and, ultimately, what Marconi and Righi thought of each other.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00021-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79064211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An inter-country comparison of nuclear pile development during World War II 第二次世界大战期间核堆发展的国家间比较
IF 1 4区 物理与天体物理
The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2021-06-24 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00020-x
B. Cameron Reed
{"title":"An inter-country comparison of nuclear pile development during World War II","authors":"B. Cameron Reed","doi":"10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00020-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/s13129-021-00020-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Between the time of the discovery of nuclear fission in early 1939 and the end of 1946, approximately 90 “nuclear piles” were constructed in six countries. These devices ranged from simple graphite columns containing neutron sources but no uranium to structures as complex as the water-cooled 250-MW plutonium production reactors built at Hanford, Washington. This paper reviews and compares the properties of these piles.</p>","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4941803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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