The European Physical Journal H最新文献_第10页

Molecular simulation and the collaborative computational projects 分子模拟与协同计算项目

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10034-9

William Smith, Martyn Guest, Ilian Todorov, Paul Durham

引用次数: 0

The blossoming of quantum mechanics in Italy: the roots, the context and the first spreading in Italian universities (1900–1947) 量子力学在意大利的兴起:根源、背景和意大利大学的第一次传播(1900-1947)

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-11-06 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10044-0

Adele La Rana, Paolo Rossi

{"title":"The blossoming of quantum mechanics in Italy: the roots, the context and the first spreading in Italian universities (1900–1947)","authors":"Adele La Rana, Paolo Rossi","doi":"10.1140/epjh/e2020-10044-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10044-0","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The widespread positivist approach of physics research in Italy at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries did not provide a fertile ground for the scientific debate on the atomic structure of matter, which instead raged beyond the Alps in those same years and which gave birth, during the 1920s, to the quantum revolution. Experimental investigations in spectroscopy and radioactivity were carried out with discrete success in the 1910s and early 1920s by Italian physicists such as Antonino Lo Surdo and Rita Brunetti in Florence, stimulating an empirical knowledge of early quantum theory and the acquisition of the related laboratory skills. However, the theoretical framework necessary for the reception and development of the postulates and formalisms of quantum mechanics started to be cultivated in Italy with a delay of a few decades compared to Central European countries. The diffusion of quantum studies – with their unprecedented drive toward an integration of experiment and theory – took hold in Italy beginning from the establishment of the first theoretical physics chairs (1926) at the Universities of Rome, Florence and Milan, whose origins are here described in detail. Furthermore, the present paper presents a systematic analysis of the appearance of the quantum mechanical concepts in Italian university courses between 1927 and 1947.\u0000","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"45 4-5","pages":"237 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10044-0","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4269368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Rudolf Ladenburg and the first quantum interpretation of optical dispersion Rudolf Ladenburg和光色散的第一个量子解释

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-09-28 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10027-6

Marta Jordi Taltavull

引用次数: 2

Ryogo Kubo in his formative years as a physicist 久保良古在他作为物理学家的成长时期

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-09-16 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10003-8

Hiroto Kono

{"title":"Ryogo Kubo in his formative years as a physicist","authors":"Hiroto Kono","doi":"10.1140/epjh/e2020-10003-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10003-8","url":null,"abstract":"The Japanese theoretical physicist Ryogo Kubo made remarkable contributions to statistical mechanics and condensed matter physics, amongst which his name is most widely associated with the linear response theory. Despite his importance in the history of modern physics, however, historians have paid him little attention. Using his unpublished manuscripts in a newly organized archive, this paper examines his studies and research up to the end of World War II. Influenced by his brother Masaji Kubo, a physical chemist, and the milieu at Tokyo Imperial University, he became interested in theoretical approaches to properties of matter and worked on dipolar gases and resistance in metals. After graduation, he studied three different phenomena—relaxation, melting, and rubber elasticity—by applying the method of eigenvalue problems. He was also involved in wartime research on noctovision and worked on photoemission in semiconductors. This paper also identifies two distinct focuses in his early research that persisted in his work after the war: solid-state physics and statistical mechanics in today’s terminology. Reconstructing Kubo’s formative years is instrumental for constructing a historiography of a key aspect of modern Japanese physics, namely, how the science of matter evolved before and during the war.","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"45 2-3","pages":"175 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10003-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4664114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Real or not real that is the question... 这是真的还是假的问题……

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-09-14 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10022-x

Reinhold A. Bertlmann

{"title":"Real or not real that is the question...","authors":"Reinhold A. Bertlmann","doi":"10.1140/epjh/e2020-10022-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10022-x","url":null,"abstract":"My discussions with John Bell about reality in quantum mechanics are recollected. I would like to introduce the reader to Bell’s vision of reality which was for him a natural position for a scientist. Bell had a strong aversion against “quantum jumps” and insisted to be clear in phrasing quantum mechanics, his “words to be forbidden” proclaimed with seriousness and wit – both typical Bell characteristics – became legendary. I will summarize the Bell-type experiments and what Nature responded, and discuss the implications for the physical quantities considered, the real entities and the nonlocality concept due to Bell’s work. Subsequently, I also explain a quite different view of the meaning of a quantum state, this is the information theoretic approach, focusing on the work of Brukner and Zeilinger. Finally, I would like to broaden and contrast the reality discussion with the concept of “virtuality,” with the meaning of virtual particle occurring in quantum field theory. With some of my own thoughts I will conclude the paper which is composed more as a historical article than as a philosophical one.","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"45 2-3","pages":"205 - 236"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10022-x","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4590710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Masters and students in Italian Physics between the 19th and 20th centuries: the Felici-Bartoli-Stracciati-Corbino case 19至20世纪意大利物理学的硕士和学生:Felici-Bartoli-Stracciati-Corbino案例

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-08-05 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10016-y

Giovanni Battimelli, Adele La Rana, Paolo Rossi

引用次数: 1

The concept of velocity in the history of Brownian motion 布朗运动史上速度的概念

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-07-09 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-10009-8

Arthur Genthon

{"title":"The concept of velocity in the history of Brownian motion","authors":"Arthur Genthon","doi":"10.1140/epjh/e2020-10009-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10009-8","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Interest in Brownian motion was shared by different communities: this phenomenon was first observed by the botanist Robert Brown in 1827, then theorised by physicists in the 1900s, and eventually modelled by mathematicians from the 1920s, while still evolving as a physical theory. Consequently, Brownian motion now refers to the natural phenomenon but also to the theories accounting for it. There is no published work telling its entire history from its discovery until today, but rather partial histories either from 1827 to Perrin’s experiments in the late 1900s, from a physicist’s point of view; or from the 1920s from a mathematician’s point of view. In this article, we tackle the period straddling the two ‘half-histories’ just mentioned, in order to highlight continuity, to investigate the domain-shift from physics to mathematics, and to survey the enhancements of later physical theories. We study the works of Einstein, Smoluchowski, Langevin, Wiener, Ornstein and Uhlenbeck from 1905 to 1934 as well as experimental results, using the concept of Brownian velocity as a leading thread. We show how Brownian motion became a research topic for the mathematician Wiener in the 1920s, why his model was an idealization of physical experiments, what Ornstein and Uhlenbeck added to Einstein’s results, and how Wiener, Ornstein and Uhlenbeck developed in parallel contradictory theories concerning Brownian velocity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":791,"journal":{"name":"The European Physical Journal H","volume":"45 1","pages":"49 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1140/epjh/e2020-10009-8","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"4386388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 13

Charles Galton Darwin’s 1922 quantum theory of optical dispersion 查尔斯·高尔顿，达尔文1922年的量子色散理论

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-05-29 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-80058-7

Benjamin Johnson

引用次数: 1

Erratum to: E. Cartan’s attempt at bridge-building between Einstein and the Cosserats - or how translational curvature became to be known as torsion E. Cartan试图在爱因斯坦和哥萨克之间架起一座桥梁——或者平动曲率是如何被称为扭转的

IF 1 4区物理与天体物理

The European Physical Journal H Pub Date : 2020-05-05 DOI: 10.1140/epjh/e2020-0001s-y

Erhard Scholz

引用次数: 0

Stellar equilibrium vs. gravitational collapse 恒星平衡与引力坍缩