{"title":"Outstanding Reviewers for Green Chemistry in 2024","authors":"","doi":"10.1039/D5GC90093J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5GC90093J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >We would like to take this opportunity to thank all of <em>Green Chemistry's</em> reviewers for helping to preserve quality and integrity in chemical science literature. We would also like to highlight the Outstanding Reviewers for <em>Green Chemistry</em> in 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 23","pages":" 6689-6689"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mechanochemical nitration of arenes and alcohols using a bench-stable organic nitrating reagent†","authors":"Vasiliki Valsamidou , Subrata Patra , Besa Kadriu , Michel Gaspard Metzger , Ludovic Gremaud , Dmitry Katayev","doi":"10.1039/d5gc02232k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc02232k","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The installation of a nitro group, essential for synthesizing valuable nitrated compounds, is traditionally associated with harsh reaction conditions, hazardous reagents, and significant environmental concerns. Recent advancements in sustainable nitration methodologies have led to the development of environmentally benign, mild, and non-acidic nitrating reagents, which are often derived from an organic scaffold and can be recycled after the completion of the process. In this study, we demonstrate the practical application of saccharin-derived reagents in mechanochemical electrophilic nitration, utilizing vibratory ball milling under LAG (Liquid-Assisted Grinding) conditions to efficiently functionalize a wide array of alcohols and arenes. This method decreases solvent usage while preserving high selectivity and reactivity, enhancing green chemistry metrics, and fostering greater sustainability in nitration protocols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 24","pages":"Pages 7122-7128"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144232746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Aerobic alcoholization via aromatization driven C–C bond cleavage of unstrained ketones†","authors":"Renzhi Liu , Huiying Zeng","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01568e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc01568e","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alcohols are a crucial class of organic compounds that play pivotal roles not only in organic synthesis, materials science, and industrial production but also in the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Conventional methods for synthesizing alcohols typically include olefin hydration, hydroboration followed by oxidation, and reduction reactions. In this study, we report a novel aerobic aldolization approach that employs aromatization-driven C–C bond cleavage for the deacetylation of unstrained ketones. This method enables the efficient generation of various primary and secondary alcohols using oxygen gas as an environmentally friendly oxidant and reactant. The reaction does not require the use of transition-metals, acids, or bases, demonstrating excellent functional group tolerance and broad substrate scope. Notably, this method is applicable to the late-stage modification of natural products and drug molecules, highlighting its potential in synthetic and medicinal chemistry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 24","pages":"Pages 7329-7335"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Honghao Zhou , Yike Zhang , Liting Ma , Xiangyang Liu , Chun Zhang , Feifei Tong , Dandan Hu , Jun-Qi Zhang , Jianguo Yang
{"title":"Electrochemically driven tandem addition–cyclization: synthesis of thiadiazinanes and thiophosphonates†","authors":"Honghao Zhou , Yike Zhang , Liting Ma , Xiangyang Liu , Chun Zhang , Feifei Tong , Dandan Hu , Jun-Qi Zhang , Jianguo Yang","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01831e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc01831e","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We herein report a robust electrochemical one-pot two-step strategy for the efficient synthesis of valuable 1,2,5-thiadiazinane and thiophosphonate derivatives. The methodology employs electricity as a clean oxidant and catalytic tetrabutylammonium iodide (TBAI) as both the ionic conductor and redox mediator, enabling effective S–N and S–P bond formation under mild conditions. This protocol exhibits broad functional group compatibility, excellent scalability, and generates only hydrogen gas as a by-product, underscoring its environmental benignity. Additionally, it allows late-stage functionalization of natural products and drug derivatives, underscoring its synthetic versatility. Notably, this represents the first electrosynthetic route to 1,2,5-thiadiazinanes and thiophosphonates, providing a concise, sustainable, and scalable approach to this underexplored yet biologically significant class of heterocycles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 24","pages":"Pages 7336-7343"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hydrothermal liquefaction vs. fast/flash pyrolysis for biomass-to-biofuel conversion: new insights and comparative review of liquid biofuel yield, composition, and properties†","authors":"Farid Alizad Oghyanous , Cigdem Eskicioglu","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01314c","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc01314c","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and fast/flash pyrolysis are thermochemical processes (TPs) with proven potential to convert biomass into liquid biofuel, which can be comparable to crude oil. HTL is generally preferred for wet biomass, while fast/flash pyrolysis is more suitable for dried biomass, as moisture content plays a crucial role in determining the appropriate conversion method. Beyond moisture content, the biochemical and elemental composition of biomass significantly impacts the physical and chemical characteristics of the resulting liquid biofuels, often increasing the need for upgrading. This review provides a comprehensive comparison of HTL and fast/flash pyrolysis for converting five biomass types—lignocellulosic biomass, microalgae, macroalgae, municipal sludge, and food waste—into liquid biofuels, highlighting the impact of biomass composition on biofuel yield and quality. By linking biomass type, process severity, and liquid biofuel quantity, this study offers a structured framework for selecting the optimal conversion process and severity range to maximize biofuel yield in large-scale applications. Additionally, this review identifies various organic compounds and their concentrations in liquid biofuels produced through HTL and fast/flash pyrolysis from different biomass sources, serving as a valuable resource for developing novel multistage and selective upgrading processes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 24","pages":"Pages 7009-7041"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Guoshu Xie , Valerie Wright , Alexander Lazarev , Gary Smejkal , Vera Gross , Béla Török
{"title":"Green synthesis of building blocks, drug candidates and fine chemicals by barochemistry: application of high pressure in organic synthesis","authors":"Guoshu Xie , Valerie Wright , Alexander Lazarev , Gary Smejkal , Vera Gross , Béla Török","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01075f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc01075f","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While there are many areas of green chemistry that affect contemporary synthesis, the development of non-traditional activation methods, such as microwaves, ultrasound, mechanochemistry or high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is considered as one the most important contributors to the development of green synthetic processes. Among these methods HHP, which, by analogy with the other methods, <em>e.g.</em> sonochemistry or mechanochemistry, can be referred to as barochemistry, is well-suited for industrial production; the large scale instrumentation is broadly available, at this time focusing on food processing applications. HHP instruments are safe and easy to handle, robust, and are a good fit for batch and (stopped)-flow operations. The same instruments could be used for large scale chemical synthesis as well, however, the high pressure synthesis of organic compounds, including Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs), is still in its infancy with extensive developments expected in the near future. HHP applies mechanical compression force to initiate transformations, such as the inactivation of pathogens and enzymes, or activation of chemical reactions. The pressure range of these reactions (2–20 kbar) significantly exceeds that of the typical chemistry using pressurized gases (0.01–0.1 kbar), such as hydrogenations. This tutorial review provides a succinct introduction to the theory and use of barochemistry, with particular emphasis on its current applications and great potential in green synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 24","pages":"Pages 7096-7113"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144197813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hai-Yan Guo , Jin-Wei Kang , Yun-Yan Du , Lu Zhang , Jiu-Ju Feng , Ai-Jun Wang
{"title":"N-Coordinated Pd–Rh synergy for highly selective ethylene glycol oxidation and efficient hydrogen evolution†","authors":"Hai-Yan Guo , Jin-Wei Kang , Yun-Yan Du , Lu Zhang , Jiu-Ju Feng , Ai-Jun Wang","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00784d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00784d","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electrocatalytic oxidation of ethylene glycol as an anodic reaction (EGOR) offers a promising approach for producing both high-value chemicals and hydrogen. However, achieving high selectivity for desired products while maintaining catalytic efficiency remains a challenge. In this work, we present a novel bifunctional catalyst, N-PdRh@Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> nanosheets (NSs), which excels in both the EGOR and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). The integration of N-coordinated PdRh bimetallic sites enables precise electronic modulation, optimizing the adsorption energies of key intermediates and enhancing selectivity for glycolic acid (GA). The negative charges on Pd improve the adsorption of EG and the desorption of the <sup>*</sup>OC–CH<sub>2</sub>OH intermediate, while the positively charged Rh facilitates the adsorption of hydroxide ions (OH<sup>−</sup>) and the efficient generation of <sup>*</sup>OH radicals for the EGOR. The Pd–Rh synergy also promotes the hydrolytic dissociation of <sup>*</sup>H atoms into H<sub>2</sub>, enhancing the HER activity. Remarkably, the catalyst-based membrane-free flow cell operates at just 0.85 V to achieve 100 mA cm<sup>−2</sup>, requiring only 2.52 kW h m<sup>−3</sup> for H<sub>2</sub> production while maintaining over 97.6% selectivity for GA upgrading. This work highlights an effective strategy for the electronic modulation of electrocatalysts and provides a promising approach for low-energy hydrogen production and sustainable biomass conversion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 24","pages":"Pages 7242-7253"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xin Zhao , Hui Wang , Zhecheng Fang , Zixu Ma , Shuzhuang Sun , Dan Wu , Yongsheng Zhang , Chunbao Charles Xu , Shengyong Lu , Renfeng Nie , Jie Fu
{"title":"Hydrogen spillover boosts PET upcycling to aviation fuel additives over Co–ReOx catalysts†","authors":"Xin Zhao , Hui Wang , Zhecheng Fang , Zixu Ma , Shuzhuang Sun , Dan Wu , Yongsheng Zhang , Chunbao Charles Xu , Shengyong Lu , Renfeng Nie , Jie Fu","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01315a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc01315a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) upcycling holds potential for producing aviation fuel additives such as benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX), yet selectively activating C–O bonds over C–C bonds remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we have developed an innovative Co–ReO<sub><em>x</em></sub> catalyst (Co/ReO<sub><em>x</em></sub>-LDO (layered double oxides)) through a hydrothermal impregnation approach. This catalyst facilitates the direct and selective conversion of PET into <em>p</em>-xylene (PX) under mild conditions, achieving yields and productivities as high as 71.7% and 1.1 mmol g<sup>−1</sup> h<sup>−1</sup>, representing a 3.0-fold improvement compared to the CoAl-LDO catalyst. The Co/ReO<sub><em>x</em></sub>-LDO catalyst demonstrates remarkable recyclability and broad applicability across various esters. Characterization studies reveal that the robust Co–ReO<sub><em>x</em></sub> interaction results in smaller Co particle sizes and higher charge densities, which effectively suppress ring hydrogenation and C–C bond cleavage. Meanwhile, the adjacent ReO<sub><em>x</em></sub> sites promote hydrogen spillover, significantly enhancing the reactivity of Co–ReO<sub><em>x</em></sub>. Spectroscopic analyses indicate that the rate-determining step involves C–O bond cleavage of the ester linkage to form acyl intermediates, and Co–ReO<sub><em>x</em></sub> accelerates this process with a reduced energy barrier. This research offers valuable insights into catalyst design for efficient fuel additive production from waste polyesters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 24","pages":"Pages 7254-7262"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dan Liu , Heng Peng Zhang , Jia Cheng Qian , Yi Wang , Su Juan Ren , Ren Xiang Tan
{"title":"Enzymatic synthesis of health-beneficial oligoindoles using peroxidase†","authors":"Dan Liu , Heng Peng Zhang , Jia Cheng Qian , Yi Wang , Su Juan Ren , Ren Xiang Tan","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01951f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc01951f","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diets can maintain good health and influence responses to therapeutic agents, as exemplified by cruciferous vegetables, a privileged source of health-beneficial oligoindoles such as DIM (marketed as “nutraceutical”), LTr1, LTe2, and LTr3. All of these oligoindoles have been identified as anti-cancer agents. However, access to these oligoindoles currently remains largely unreliable since their chemical synthesis and isolation from vegetables are challenging, cost-ineffective, and eco-unfriendly, thereby limiting their development. Herein, we present a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-catalysed method for the synthesis of DIM, LTr1, LTe2, and LTr3 from indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) mixed with indole or its commercially available derivatives. Moreover, green chemistry metrics and EcoScale score evaluations supported the enzymatic method as a green protocol. By gaining insights into enzymatic mechanisms, which involve the radical–radical coupling reaction, the whole-cell biosynthesis of bioactive oligoindoles can be achieved. Altogether, the work provides an efficient access to cruciferous vegetable-derived oligoindoles, deepens our understanding of the application potential of HRP, and promotes further development of synthetic biology methods for DIM, LTr1, and LTe2.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 24","pages":"Pages 7319-7328"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ji Gao , Wenbo Peng , Andres Galindo , Ethan Slaton , Jose Perez Martinez , Guanghui Lan , Zhaohui Tong
{"title":"Machine learning-guided optimization for ionic liquid-based polyethylene terephthalate waste recycling†","authors":"Ji Gao , Wenbo Peng , Andres Galindo , Ethan Slaton , Jose Perez Martinez , Guanghui Lan , Zhaohui Tong","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01998b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc01998b","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ionic liquid (IL)-catalyzed polyethylene terephthalate (PET) glycolysis has emerged as a promising method for recycling valuable monomers for high-quality polymer production. However, traditional approaches rely heavily on trial-and-error and time-consuming experiments to explore the large search space with multiple design factors. Here, we introduce a novel multi-objective optimization framework that integrates a graph neural network with process simulation for simultaneous IL design and reaction optimization towards unified economic and environmental metrics. We identified seven ILs unseen in the literature. Experimental validation demonstrates that approximately 47% of the optimized IL and reaction condition combinations outperform the best-reported literature values. This results in an average cost reduction of 29% and CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reduction of 2.6% compared to the literature results. This work demonstrates the potential of machine learning to guide reaction optimization towards cost-effective and low-carbon targets for the PET recycling process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 24","pages":"Pages 7357-7367"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144291787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}