Eva C. Thompson , Paul Anastas , Heidi Bialk , Deanna D'Alessandro , Voravee P. Hoven , Timothy J. Kedwards , Zhimin Liu , Anja-Verena Mudring , Kei Saito , Vânia Zuin Zeidler , George Daher
{"title":"Advancing green chemistry performance assessment: the Estée Lauder Companies’ continuing journey towards meaningful transparency†","authors":"Eva C. Thompson , Paul Anastas , Heidi Bialk , Deanna D'Alessandro , Voravee P. Hoven , Timothy J. Kedwards , Zhimin Liu , Anja-Verena Mudring , Kei Saito , Vânia Zuin Zeidler , George Daher","doi":"10.1039/d4gc04670f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc04670f","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Green chemistry can serve as a key framework to guide cosmetic formulation decision making, as evidenced through the development and portfolio-wide implementation of the Estée Lauder Companies’ (ELC) “Green Score” assessment tool. Recent advancements in data quality and availability from regulatory, industry reporting, and wider literature sources have provided the opportunity to improve and refine the underlying scientific robustness of the framework. Consequently, the first significant methodological iteration is described. The environmental impact pillar is greatly strengthened through inclusion of a waste impact metric and refined greenhouse gas and feedstock sourcing metric approaches. The addition of a biodegradability endpoint also builds upon the tool's initial persistence assessment. Exemplified through ingredient selection case studies, the enhanced tool enables provision of more accurate formulation guidance and strengthens the Green Score's utility as a forward-looking product design guide and informed substitution tool. Potential opportunities for leveraging the rapid evolution of the cosmetic and chemical regulatory landscape to facilitate further optimization and refinement of the framework are also discussed. The applicability of the Green Score to catalyze progress in the pursuit of meaningful transparency and empirical data sharing across enterprise supply chain networks is also highlighted.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 18","pages":"Pages 5015-5026"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrochemically enabled nickel-catalyzed controllable synthesis of monoaryl or diaryl amines from aryl halides and trimethylsilyl azides†","authors":"Jiawei Huang , Xiaoman Li , Xue Zhao , Yu Wei , Liang Xu","doi":"10.1039/d4gc06307d","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc06307d","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Aryl amines serve as fundamental building blocks in the production of many pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and functional materials, underscoring their preparation in synthetic chemistry. This work presents an approach that combines electrolysis with nickel catalysis to facilitate the C–N cross-coupling between aryl halides and trimethylsilyl azides (TMSN<sub>3</sub>), marking a pioneering advancement in the direct synthesis of aryl amines from aryl halides <em>via</em> electrochemically enabled nickel catalysis. Furthermore, by adjusting the reaction conditions, this strategy could deliver monoaryl or diaryl amines chemoselectively. The approach exhibits broad substrate scope and robust functional group compatibility, allowing for the practical and versatile late-stage modification of complex pharmaceutical molecules.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 18","pages":"Pages 5265-5272"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jie Xu , Di Chen , Zhaobin Ye , Shasha Ma , Yuanlong Wang , Jianyong Zhang
{"title":"An ionic porous organic polymer gel with hydroxide anions as an efficient catalyst for N-formylation of amines and amides with carbon dioxide†","authors":"Jie Xu , Di Chen , Zhaobin Ye , Shasha Ma , Yuanlong Wang , Jianyong Zhang","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00173k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00173k","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reduction and functionalization of greenhouse gas CO<sub>2</sub> remain in line with the characteristics of green and sustainable development. In this work, an ionic porous organic polymer gel was prepared through a hydrazone condensation reaction between triaminoguanidine and 1,1′-(<em>p</em>-phenylenedimethylene)bis(4-formylpyridinium) cationic units under mild conditions. A metal ion-free triaminoguanidine- and pyridinium-incorporated porous organic polymer gel (PT-OH) with triple synergistic effects of hydroxide anions, multi-ion activation centers and a porous gel structure was obtained after ion exchange. PT-OH provides excellent functional group tolerance and high activity to achieve the <em>N</em>-formylation reaction of primary amines, secondary amines and amides using phenylsilane as the reducing agent under ambient conditions (room temperature and 1 atm CO<sub>2</sub> pressure). Moreover, PT-OH has chemical stability, is easy to recycle and can be reused 5 times without loss of activity. The material represents an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly heterogeneous metal-free catalytic system, which conforms to the principle of green utilization of CO<sub>2</sub>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 18","pages":"Pages 5295-5302"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rafael Torres-Mendieta , Sabrin Abdallah , Miguel Angel Ruiz-Fresneda , Mohamed L. Merroun , Miroslav Černík
{"title":"Reactive laser ablation in liquids as a promising approach for repurposing effluents from former mining sites†","authors":"Rafael Torres-Mendieta , Sabrin Abdallah , Miguel Angel Ruiz-Fresneda , Mohamed L. Merroun , Miroslav Černík","doi":"10.1039/d4gc06174h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc06174h","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The depletion of high-grade mineral deposits and environmental concerns associated with traditional mining practices necessitate alternative strategies for sourcing critical materials. This study explores the innovative use of reactive laser ablation in liquids (RLAL) to recover and repurpose valuable metals from effluents of the former Zlate Hory mine in the Czech Republic, transforming them into multielement nanoparticles (NPs) with broad industrial applications. By leveraging RLAL on two solid targets, Au and Fe, this work demonstrates the formation of multielement NPs that incorporate elements like Al, Fe, and Zn from the mine effluents. These NPs, characterized through various analytical techniques, exhibit unique structural and electrochemical properties. The incorporation of ferrimagnetic AlFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and spinel-structured Zn(Al<sub>1.9</sub>Fe<sub>0.1</sub>)O<sub>4</sub> into the NPs enhances their catalytic potential, while the presence of Fe-based structures imparts magnetophoretic behavior, making them suitable for various technological applications, including catalysis and data storage. This approach not only provides a sustainable solution for recovering critical elements but also mitigates the environmental impact of former mining activities, aligning with circular economy principles. These findings highlight RLAL as a promising method for transforming waste into high-value nanomaterials, offering a new frontier in sustainable resource management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 18","pages":"Pages 5303-5314"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maryam Nabi , Kirti Sharma , Raj S. Wandre , Amol B. Gade
{"title":"One-pot oximation-Beckmann rearrangement under mild, aqueous micellar conditions†","authors":"Maryam Nabi , Kirti Sharma , Raj S. Wandre , Amol B. Gade","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00958h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00958h","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A sustainable and eco-friendly approach to the Beckmann rearrangement has been developed, leveraging nanomicelles to facilitate the reaction in water under mild conditions. This process efficiently transforms functionalized ketones into corresponding amides in a one-pot sequence, achieving high yields of up to 96%. It is more appealing compared to traditional methods, which require significant amounts of organic solvents. The scalability and robustness of this procedure demonstrate its potential for the synthesis of valuable compounds such as paracetamol and ε-caprolactam.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 18","pages":"Pages 5332-5339"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xiantao Ma , Xiaoyu Yan , Shangyuan Li , Xinyu Chen , Sifan Chen , Jing Yu
{"title":"Catalyst- and solvent-free, atom- and step-economical synthesis of dithiophosphinates by one-pot domino introduction of sulfur atoms†","authors":"Xiantao Ma , Xiaoyu Yan , Shangyuan Li , Xinyu Chen , Sifan Chen , Jing Yu","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00821b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00821b","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A catalyst-free and solvent-free domino-multicomponent reaction of diphenylphosphine, S<sub>8</sub> and alkenes was developed, providing a simple, green, and efficient synthesis of dithiophosphinates with up to >99/1 Markovnikov regioselectivity and 100% atom economy. Notably, by introducing two sulfur atoms with the easily available S<sub>8</sub>, this new method allows the construction of S–C–PS with four chemical bonds in one pot, showing incomparable advantages over the reported multi-step methods both in product yield and reaction selectivity. Various alkenes including monosubstituted, disubstituted, trisubstituted and tetrasubstituted alkenes and even polyisoprene are suitable substrates, showing broad substrate scope. The method can be readily extended to alkynes and easily scaled up to the gram scale, showing the practicality of this new method. Mechanistic studies suggested that both the rapid generation of the key diphenyl phosphinodithioic acid intermediate and the electrophilic addition step contributed to the high yield and the excellent selectivity of the reaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 18","pages":"Pages 5001-5006"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ran Liu , Chang Wang , Xiangxiang Gao , Chen Liu , Jianmin Lv , Yusheng Zhang , Xinying Liu , Ndzondelelo Bingwa , Yali Yao , Fa-tang Li
{"title":"Design of a cage–core–chain structure catalyst for deep catalytic oxidative desulfurization with enhanced substrate enrichment†","authors":"Ran Liu , Chang Wang , Xiangxiang Gao , Chen Liu , Jianmin Lv , Yusheng Zhang , Xinying Liu , Ndzondelelo Bingwa , Yali Yao , Fa-tang Li","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00838g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00838g","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Developing composite metal–organic framework (MOF) catalysts that integrate target molecule enrichment and reactive oxygen species generation to enhance oil–water biphasic desulfurization efficiency remains challenging. A “cage–core–chain” structured functional catalyst, [Bmim]PW@MIL-101(Fe), was designed by encapsulating a phosphotungstic acid (HPW) core inside an MIL-101(Fe) cage and grafting [Bmim]<sup>+</sup> chains (hydrophobic ionic liquid groups) onto it. The W–O–Fe bond facilitates electron transfer, redistributes charge density, and activates peracetic acid. The Fe<sup>3+</sup>/Fe<sup>2+</sup> redox cycle promotes the generation and transformation of reactive oxygen species, with singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) as the primary oxidant. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations confirm charge density changes between core and shell, and active oxygen generation pathways. Additionally, the catalyst creates a micro-oil environment at the solid–oil–water interface, enhancing the enrichment of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and its interaction with reactive oxygen species, achieving nearly 3.5 times the DBT removal efficiency of MIL-101(Fe). This work provides a sustainable strategy for activating catalytic sites in MOFs with inherently low activity, offering an efficient desulfurization approach for cleaner fuel production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 18","pages":"Pages 5340-5358"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Quang Thang Trinh , Nicholas Golio , Yuran Cheng , Haotian Cha , Kin Un Tai , Lingxi Ouyang , Jun Zhao , Tuan Sang Tran , Tuan-Khoa Nguyen , Jun Zhang , Hongjie An , Zuojun Wei , Francois Jerome , Prince Nana Amaniampong , Nam-Trung Nguyen
{"title":"Sonochemistry and sonocatalysis: current progress, existing limitations, and future opportunities in green and sustainable chemistry†","authors":"Quang Thang Trinh , Nicholas Golio , Yuran Cheng , Haotian Cha , Kin Un Tai , Lingxi Ouyang , Jun Zhao , Tuan Sang Tran , Tuan-Khoa Nguyen , Jun Zhang , Hongjie An , Zuojun Wei , Francois Jerome , Prince Nana Amaniampong , Nam-Trung Nguyen","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01098e","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc01098e","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sonocatalysis is a specialised field within sonochemistry that leverages the interaction between ultrasound and solid catalysts to enhance the rate and selectivity of chemical reactions. As a non-traditional catalytic activation method, sonocatalysis can profoundly modify reaction mechanisms and unlock novel activation pathways that are not typically accessible through standard catalysis. This unique approach offers new opportunities for driving reactions under milder conditions while potentially improving selectivity and efficiency. This review highlights the recent progress of sonocatalytic applications in green chemistry and their contribution to the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including environmental remediation, sonotherapy, and biomass conversion. In these applications, we explore the underlying sonocatalytic mechanisms and the interaction between solid catalysts and ultrasound, which drive the enhanced reactivity. A key feature of this manuscript is its comprehensive analysis of the primary technical challenges in sonocatalysis, specifically its low energy efficiency and the complexity of reaction control. To address these hurdles, we examine various effective strategies, such as the incorporation of nanostructured catalytic cavitation agents and the design of advanced microfluidic sonoreactors. These innovations improve energy transfer, control bubble dynamics, and enhance catalytic activity under ultrasound. Furthermore, we implement molecular modelling to gain fundamental insights into the mechanisms fundamental to the effectiveness of sonocatalysts. This approach provides a deeper understanding of how nanostructured catalysts interact with ultrasonic fields, guiding the design of next-generation catalytic materials. The integration of nanostructured catalytic cavitation agents, microfluidic reactor technologies, and computational molecular modelling forms a trilateral synergistic platform that unlocks new potential in sonocatalysis. This multidisciplinary framework paves the way for significant advancements in green and sustainable chemistry, offering innovative solutions to global challenges in energy, health, and environmental sustainability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 18","pages":"Pages 4926-4958"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lixian Xu , Jie Yin , Dongao Zhu , Beibei Zhang , Linhua Zhu , Hongping Li , Jing He , Huaming Li , Wei Jiang
{"title":"Tuning the electronic structure of phosphonic acid-based deep eutectic solvents for synergistic catalytic oxidative desulfurization†","authors":"Lixian Xu , Jie Yin , Dongao Zhu , Beibei Zhang , Linhua Zhu , Hongping Li , Jing He , Huaming Li , Wei Jiang","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00327j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00327j","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) hold immense potential in extraction-coupled oxidative desulfurization; however, their efficient utilization, in terms of catalytic activity and cycle-regeneration stability, remains a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a strategy for constructing bifunctional phosphonic acid-based DESs (PDESs) using zinc chloride (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>) combined with organic phosphonic acids to achieve ultradeep desulfurization by inducing strong electronic interaction <em>via</em> coordination regulation. Through experimental and theoretical screening, the PDES ZnCl<sub>2</sub>/phenylphosphinic acid (ZnCl<sub>2</sub>/PIA = 1 : 2), demonstrating strong electron transfer capability and high adsorption energy for oxidants, exhibits remarkable catalytic performance towards the removal of heterocyclic thiophenes. Notably, PDESs can simultaneously function as extractants and catalysts, maintaining a desulfurization efficiency of up to 98.4% even after 12 consecutive cycles under mild conditions, which is much higher than that of previously reported DESs-based desulfurization systems. Furthermore, a possible reaction mechanism is proposed, wherein heterocyclic thiophenes are extracted by the ZnCl<sub>2</sub>/2PIA PDES <em>via</em> strong interactions (<em>e.g.</em> hydrogen bonding, C–H⋯π and π⋯π) and are then rapidly oxidized by reactive oxygen radicals and peroxy acid in the presence of an oxidant. This study provides a feasible strategy for achieving strong electronic transfer <em>via</em> coordination regulation, aimed at developing high-performance DESs for deep desulfurization and other related application.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 18","pages":"Pages 5051-5062"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yi-Hui Lv , Qiang Wang , Wen-Zheng Yin , Xue-Jie Gao , Ling-Ping Xiao , Run-Cang Sun
{"title":"Insights into the reductive catalytic deconstruction of lignin over ultralow-loading palladium–zinc catalysts derived from zinc imidazolate frameworks†","authors":"Yi-Hui Lv , Qiang Wang , Wen-Zheng Yin , Xue-Jie Gao , Ling-Ping Xiao , Run-Cang Sun","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05467a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05467a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of high-performance noble metal catalysts at the atomic scale for the selective chemical catalytic conversion of lignin into monophenolic compounds is highly desirable but remains a challenge. Herein, we report a single-atom strategy to fabricate a highly active and stable hydrogenolysis catalyst containing an ultralow Pd content (0.1 wt%) using cobalt and zinc imidazolate frameworks as precursors. The resultant Pd–Zn@NC catalyst exhibits outstanding activity in the reductive catalytic deconstruction of lignin into aromatic compounds. The catalyst affords a phenol monomer yield of up to 49.6%, which surpasses that of commercial Pd/C. Notably, it demonstrates high selectivity towards unsaturated allyl monomers, reaching a maximum of 91% under optimized conditions. Mechanistic studies using β-<em>O</em>-4′ mimics reveal that the high dispersion of Zn contributes to the dissociation of hydroxyl groups, while the atomically dispersed Pd significantly enhances the hydrogenation performance. The synergistic interactions between Pd and Zn active sites activate the C–O bonds, thereby enhancing reductive aryl-ether scission in lignin.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 18","pages":"Pages 5091-5103"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}