{"title":"Green chemistry startups: some lessons learned","authors":"Jason P. Hallett","doi":"10.1039/D3GC05187K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D3GC05187K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >There has been an explosive growth in environmentally driven startups in recent years. Much of this has included university spin-outs aiming to translate academic research into commercial practice. This activity dovetails with the principle aim of green chemistry research – improving the sustainability of the chemical and materials industries. However, academics are not always fully aware of the activities, needs, timelines and considerations of startup companies and how these differ from academic research. This can lead to a misunderstanding of whether, when or how to start a cleantech company and what to do once one is formed. Through a careful consideration of the founders, their motivations, the industry, scale and market forces behind an innovation, a business roadmap can be drawn which will help determine whether the technology is appropriate for deployment in the commercial sector. Considerations such as scale-up, cost, capital fundraising needs and teambuilding must all come together as part of the translation journey. Based on lessons learned through my group forming 9 cleantech startups since 2016, I have tried to blend facts, perspective and anecdotes to demonstrate how the green chemistry translation can help us achieve the ultimate goals of the field: sustainable chemical production and a fully decarbonized chemical industry.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 2","pages":" 403-412"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/gc/d3gc05187k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870237","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wenyu Ding, Xinyu Tang, Sheng Jin, Zhao Li, Dongwei Xu, Xiaomin Kang and Zhiliang Liu
{"title":"High-efficiency green catalytic conversion for waste CS2 by non-noble metal cage-based MOFs: an access pathway to high-value thiazolidine-2-thione†","authors":"Wenyu Ding, Xinyu Tang, Sheng Jin, Zhao Li, Dongwei Xu, Xiaomin Kang and Zhiliang Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04541F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04541F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Green and effective disposal of carbon disulfide (CS<small><sub>2</sub></small>) waste into high-valued chemicals under mild conditions is meaningful yet challenging. Herein, a novel 3D cluster-based metal–organic framework (MOF) {(Me<small><sub>2</sub></small>NH<small><sub>2</sub></small>)<small><sub>2</sub></small>[Co<small><sub>3</sub></small>(μ<small><sub>3</sub></small>-O)(XN)(BDC)<small><sub>3</sub></small>]·4DMF·5MeOH}<small><sub><em>n</em></sub></small> (compound <strong>1</strong>) (XN = 4′-(4-pyridine)4,2′:2′,4′′-terpyridine, H<small><sub>2</sub></small>BDC = terephthalic acid) assembled by [Co<small><sub>15</sub></small>] and [Co<small><sub>18</sub></small>] nano-cages was harvested, presenting excellent stability. Catalytic characterization demonstrated that compound <strong>1</strong> can efficiently promote the cycloaddition reaction of CS<small><sub>2</sub></small> with aziridines to form sole high-valued thiazolidine-2-thione upon 30 °C and 0.1 MPa for 6 h, which matches well with the atom economy and the sustainable development intention. Noteworthily, compound <strong>1</strong> is the mildest and most efficient catalyst for CS<small><sub>2</sub></small> treatment and can be reused at least ten times without significant activity degradation; it also retains excellent catalytic capacity in both gram-scale reaction and simulated CS<small><sub>2</sub></small> waste liquid, which lays a solid foundation for its practical application. Additionally, density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm the synergistic effect of the nanocage characteristic and the Me<small><sub>2</sub></small>NH<small><sub>2</sub></small><small><sup>+</sup></small> cation, which can significantly reduce the reaction energy barrier in this CS<small><sub>2</sub></small>/aziridine coupling reaction system.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 218-226"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yao Chai, Zirui Pang, Heng Jiang, Chi Chung Tsoi, Liang Wan, Yu Du, Huaping Jia, Yujiao Zhu, Detao Liu, Fengjia Xie, Guangya Zhou and Xuming Zhang
{"title":"Electron-mediator-free efficient photocatalytic regeneration of coenzyme NAD(P)H via direct electron transfer using ultrathin Bi2MoO6 nanosheets†","authors":"Yao Chai, Zirui Pang, Heng Jiang, Chi Chung Tsoi, Liang Wan, Yu Du, Huaping Jia, Yujiao Zhu, Detao Liu, Fengjia Xie, Guangya Zhou and Xuming Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4GC05207B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC05207B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Compared with semiconductor photocatalytic systems that utilize electron mediators for electron transfer, systems that directly transfer electrons to reaction substrates offer a cost-effective alternative, especially when avoiding the use of precious metal electron mediators. Therefore, direct electron transfer photocatalytic systems without electron mediators hold significant importance. In this study, a single-layer Bi<small><sub>2</sub></small>MoO<small><sub>6</sub></small> nanosheet photocatalyst is prepared through a simple hydrothermal method. This nanosheet effectively photoreduces coenzyme NAD(P)<small><sup>+</sup></small> to NAD(P)H without the need for electron mediators. When driven by the single-layer Bi<small><sub>2</sub></small>MoO<small><sub>6</sub></small>, the conversion of NAD<small><sup>+</sup></small> reaches 64.31% within 1 hour, with a 1,4-NADH selectivity as high as 100%. Its activity and selectivity surpass most current coenzyme regeneration systems that require electron mediators. Additionally, it is found that in coenzyme regeneration systems without electron mediators, the NADH regeneration mechanism follows a typical negative hydrogen transfer pathway, divided into three steps: electron–proton–electron transfer. This study provides an effective approach for regenerating high-value coenzymes and elucidates the molecular-level mechanism of direct photocatalytic regeneration of NAD(P)H without electron mediators.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 3","pages":" 623-632"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142962914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yuta Sato, Momoko Nagafuchi, Masaharu Takatsuki, Tsuyoshi Matsuzaki, Takeyuki Suzuki, Makoto Sako and Mitsuhiro Arisawa
{"title":"Multitasking rhodium-catalyzed remote C(sp3)–H functionalization reactions of acyclic dienes to yield benzene-fused heterocycles†","authors":"Yuta Sato, Momoko Nagafuchi, Masaharu Takatsuki, Tsuyoshi Matsuzaki, Takeyuki Suzuki, Makoto Sako and Mitsuhiro Arisawa","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04927F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04927F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Remote C(sp<small><sup>3</sup></small>)–H bond functionalization reactions are environmentally benign methods for not only acyclic molecules but also cyclic molecules. However, products in previous reports have been limited to aliphatic five-membered ring structures. Herein, we developed an unprecedented multitasking rhodium-catalyzed reaction that can synthesize benzene-fused heterocyclic compounds, 2,3-disubstituted dihydrobenzofurans, through a remote C(sp<small><sup>3</sup></small>)–H bond functionalization reaction (chain-walking/cycloisomerization/hydroboration reaction). This catalytic system promotes a twice-occurring chain-walking/functionalization set in one pot, thus allowing the synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans with various side chain lengths at the 2- and 3-positions.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 248-255"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bo Li, Chengping Li, Jinsong Wang, Rundong Wan, Jiangzhao Chen, Ying Liu, Zhengfu Zhang, Yuejing Bin, Xiaoping Yang, Chongjun Bao and Shaohua Ju
{"title":"High-efficiency leaching of valuable metals from waste lithium-ion ternary batteries under mild conditions using green deep eutectic solvents†","authors":"Bo Li, Chengping Li, Jinsong Wang, Rundong Wan, Jiangzhao Chen, Ying Liu, Zhengfu Zhang, Yuejing Bin, Xiaoping Yang, Chongjun Bao and Shaohua Ju","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04373A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04373A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Recently, the production and demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have increased owing to the increasing number of electric vehicles and electronic products. This surge has considerably increased the volume of spent LIBs, leading to environmental damage and economic losses. Thus, the recycling of spent LIBs is critical because it enables the recovery of valuable metals and mitigates environmental impacts. This work introduces a novel environmentally friendly and biodegradable deep eutectic solvent (DES) for leaching valuable metals from waste LIBs, which includes ascorbic acid (VC) derived from fruits and dimethyl-beta-propiothetin chloride (DMSP) derived from fish attractants. It is noteworthy that the utilization of chemical reagents in this study was significantly diminished, with VC and DMSP accounting for 16.5% and 8.5% of the total solvents, respectively—which decreased recycling costs and alleviated the environmental burden. The leaching of LiNi<small><sub>1/3</sub></small>Co<small><sub>1/3</sub></small>Mn<small><sub>1/3</sub></small>O<small><sub>2</sub></small> (LNCM111) cathode materials was rapidly achieved at a low temperature of 50 °C within 14 minutes. The coordinated action of Cl<small><sup>−</sup></small> ions and the reducing effect of VC in DMSP resulted in a 99% leaching efficiency for Lithium, Cobalt, Manganese, and Nickel. In addition, the leaching mechanism was comprehensively investigated <em>via</em> kinetics and density functional theory calculations. This efficient, easy-to-operate, low-cost, and sustainable leaching process involving the DES demonstrates considerable potential for recycling LIBs, offering an environmentally friendly and effective solution for LIB reuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 163-178"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The chemistry of oleates and related compounds in the 2020s","authors":"Pavel V. Ivchenko and Ilya E. Nifant'ev","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04862H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04862H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The use of renewable resources as an alternative to fossil raw materials is one of the topical directions of modern science. Consistent efforts have been devoted to finding the most prospective feedstocks and developing efficient methods for their processing. Among them, plant oils represent a promising source for the fuel, chemical, polymer, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. Unsaturated fatty acids (FAs) and their derivatives, particularly oleates and ricinoleates, are candidate starting materials for both organochemical modifications to obtain functional materials and catalytic transformations to α-olefins, unsaturated carboxylic acids and their derivatives, branched hydrocarbons and other valuable compounds required in the fine chemistry and polymer industry. In the 2020s, significant progress has been made in the field of oleochemistry, and in the present work, we attempt to provide the broadest overview of the chemistry of oleates and related compounds, <em>i.e.</em>, derivatives of unsaturated FAs. Our review addresses the issues of raw material processing and purification as well as the catalytic and organochemical transformation of unsaturated FAs and FA esters with and without the cleavage of C<img>C bonds. The most promising actual directions of research, their compliance with the principles of green chemistry and the prospects for further development are also discussed in this work.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 41-95"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jin Liu, Yuxin Wang, Rui Song, Yukun Yang, Li Li and Xu Jing
{"title":"Bio-derived solvent-based automated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for pretreatment of diamide insecticides in environmental water samples†","authors":"Jin Liu, Yuxin Wang, Rui Song, Yukun Yang, Li Li and Xu Jing","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04467C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04467C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >A green, efficient, and cost-effective bio-derived solvent-based automated dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (BDS-ADLLME) method was developed in the present study. A liquid handling platform with only the pipetting function module was employed to achieve automated multiple-sample pretreatment and eliminate manual errors. Green bio-derived solvents, γ-valerolactone and eucalyptol, derived from renewable resources and exhibiting high environmental friendliness, were used as dispersant and extractant, respectively. The eucalyptol self-separated from the samples within 5 minutes, eliminating the need for centrifuges and demulsifiers. Four greenness evaluation tools confirmed that the BDS-ADLLME was an environmentally friendly sample pretreatment method meeting the requirements of green chemistry. The linear range was 0.006–3 μg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small> with <em>R</em><small><sup>2</sup></small> > 0.999. The limit of detection was 0.002 μg L<small><sup>−1</sup></small>. The BDS-ADLLME method successfully detected chlorantraniliprole and flubendiamide in tap, river, lake, and spring water samples, with recoveries and relative standard deviations ranging from 83.4–107.7% and 1.7%–5.4%, respectively. The BDS-ADLLME provides a feasible approach for developing automated eco-friendly dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction methods.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 2","pages":" 420-431"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142870235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chunqi Yang, Chang Liu, Jingwen Zhuang, Ziyan Yang, Aiping Chen, Yuhang Li and Chunzhong Li
{"title":"Active hydrogen tuning by copper–cobalt bimetal catalysts for boosting ammonia electrosynthesis from simulated wastewater†","authors":"Chunqi Yang, Chang Liu, Jingwen Zhuang, Ziyan Yang, Aiping Chen, Yuhang Li and Chunzhong Li","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04120H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04120H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO<small><sub>3</sub></small>RR) represents a promising approach to balance the nitrogen cycle, converting environmental pollutant NO<small><sub>3</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small> to valuable ammonia (NH<small><sub>3</sub></small>). However, the whole reaction involves complex proton-coupled electron transfer processes, requiring the development of efficient catalysts. Owing to unique d-orbitals, Cu-based catalysts exhibit excellent performance. Here, we design a Cu<small><sub>5</sub></small>–Co<small><sub>5</sub></small> bimetal nanocomposite that achieves a high FE<small><sub>NH<small><sub>3</sub></small></sub></small> of 94.1%, a yield rate of 14.8 mg h<small><sup>−1</sup></small> cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> and great stability over twenty hours. The yield rate can be enhanced in a flow cell and reach 30.9 mg h<small><sup>−1</sup></small> cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small>. We test the performance of the Cu<small><sub>5</sub></small>–Co<small><sub>5</sub></small> catalyst for simulated wastewater treatment, exhibiting a yield rate of 6.7 mg h<small><sup>−1</sup></small> cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> at −100 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small>. Furthermore, <em>in situ</em> ATR-SEIRAS and Raman spectra reveal the reaction pathway on the Cu<small><sub>5</sub></small>–Co<small><sub>5</sub></small> catalyst. The Cu can adsorb NO<small><sub>3</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small> and convert to *NO<small><sub>2</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small>, while Co(OH)<small><sub>2</sub></small> derived from metallic Co can promote water spillover and facilitate the subsequent *NO<small><sub>2</sub></small><small><sup>−</sup></small>-to-NH<small><sub>3</sub></small> conversion.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 209-217"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142825768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hongjiao Chen, Kewei Zhang, Yanzhi Xia, Jian Li and Bin Hui
{"title":"(B,P,Co,Fe)-Ni modified on nanowood for boosting seawater urea electro-oxidation†","authors":"Hongjiao Chen, Kewei Zhang, Yanzhi Xia, Jian Li and Bin Hui","doi":"10.1039/D4GC05156D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC05156D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Coupling the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in seawater is desirable to produce sustainable and green hydrogen due to the reduced energy consumption. However, developing high-performance UOR/HER electrocatalysts in seawater instead of pure water remains a great challenge. Herein, (B,P,Co,Fe)-Ni anchored on Paulownia Wood (PW) is proposed to enhance the overall urea-(sea)water splitting performance. The resulting sample only needs a potential of 1.34 V to deliver a large current density of 100 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> for alkaline UOR and features a remarkable durability to maintain 100 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> for 100 h. The HER and UOR (HER||UOR) coupled system in alkaline seawater-urea electrolyte for producing H<small><sub>2</sub></small> demonstrated a more significantly reduced electrolyzer voltage of 1.67 V obtained at 100 mA cm<small><sup>−2</sup></small> in comparison to that of the HER||OER system (1.98 V). The well-aligned micro-channels and nanopores in wood frameworks not only improve the hydrophilicity and aerophobicity of the whole electrode, which is conducive to the penetration of the electrolyte and release of bubbles, but also shorten the transmission distance of ions and intermediates to accelerate the reaction kinetic process. Density functional theory calculations reveal that Co, Fe, P and B co-doping in Ni effectively adjusts the electronic structure, and the adsorption/desorption behavior of the urea reaction intermediates is regulated by the synergistic effect from multiple components, resulting in an excellent catalytic activity in seawater-urea media. This work promotes a better understanding of the surface electronic structure modulation of nanowood <em>via</em> doping strategy and offers great potential in the design of advanced UOR/HER catalysts for hydrogen production and urea wastewater treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 1","pages":" 133-143"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142826082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CO2 switchable solvents for sustainable dissolution, modification, and processing of cellulose materials: a critical review","authors":"Peter McNeice and Ben L. Feringa","doi":"10.1039/D4GC04032E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4GC04032E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Cellulose is a biopolymer with numerous applications ranging from food packaging to pharmaceutical formulations. However, the sustainability and use of cellulose materials is hindered by harsh processing conditions and toxic solvents. In recent years, a milder approach to cellulose processing and modification has emerged based on the use of CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> switchable solvents. They facilitate the dissolution of cellulose through its activation with a base and CO<small><sub>2</sub></small>. Cellulose can then be regenerated in a range of morphologies (fibres, films, gels), or chemically modified in a controlled homogeneous manner. This not only avoids the need for toxic solvents, but prevents the waste associated with traditional heterogeneous cellulose modification. Based on the literature to date, we provide both a guide to the use of CO<small><sub>2</sub></small> switchable solvents for cellulose dissolution and modification, and a critical analysis of these emerging methodologies for future applications of this important biobased material.</p>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":" 24","pages":" 11747-11772"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/gc/d4gc04032e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142798163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}