Green Chemistry最新文献

{"title":"Red analytical performance index (RAPI) and software: the missing tool for assessing methods in terms of analytical performance†","authors":"Paweł Mateusz Nowak ,&nbsp;Wojciech Wojnowski ,&nbsp;Natalia Manousi ,&nbsp;Victoria Samanidou ,&nbsp;Justyna Płotka-Wasylka","doi":"10.1039/d4gc05298f","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc05298f","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Although performing validation of an analytical method is a widely accepted standard, assessing and comparing the overall analytical potential covering all validation criteria is not straightforward. To answer the expectations of analytical chemists, we propose a new tool that solves this problem in a simple and user-friendly way. The Red Analytical Performance Index (RAPI) presented in this article is inspired by the Red-Green-Blue assessment model, in which the red colour represents analytical criteria. A simple, open-source software (mostwiedzy.pl/rapi) is used to assess the given method in relation to the ten pre-defined criteria. The performance in particular criteria is scored (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, or 10 points), with the sores mapped to colour intensity and saturation where 0 is white and 10 is dark red. A star-like pictogram is automatically created, and divided into fields related to the particular criteria, with the final, mean quantitative assessment score (0–100) in the middle. It thus shows similarities to the Blue Applicability Grade Index (BAGI) – a recently published “sister” tool dedicated to practical criteria represented by the blue colour. Therefore, RAPI and BAGI can support and supplement known greenness assessment metrics, providing key information about functional characteristics, crucial for the method application. The use of RAPI was demonstrated using examples of various analytical methods, which were assessed in parallel using BAGI and the greenness metrics showing the closest analogy. This provided a comprehensive picture of the varied methods’ characteristics. We believe that RAPI will prove to be an effective and useful support for analytical chemists in methods evaluation and comparison.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 19","pages":"Pages 5546-5553"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research progress on the preparation of lignin micro/nano-particles and their biomedical applications","authors":"Fuyuan Lu ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Dan Sun ,&nbsp;Yingjuan Fu ,&nbsp;Fengshan Zhang ,&nbsp;Runcang Sun","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00178a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00178a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The interest in lignin micro/nano-particles (LMNPs) has markedly grown due to their unique physicochemical properties, including high specific surface area, abundant active sites, exceptional biocompatibility, and biodegradability. These attributes position them as promising novel micro/nano-scale materials. Although LMNPs hold great potential for application in multiple fields, scarcely any reviews have zeroed in on their biomedical applications, such as drug delivery, targeted therapy, biosensing, wound healing, tissue engineering, and use as antibacterial agents. Notably, the drug delivery and antibacterial applications have only garnered limited in-depth analysis. Therefore, it is important to provide a comprehensive overview of the current advancements in the development of these micro/nano-materials, offering valuable insights for their further progress in the biomedical field. This review summarizes recent advances in the preparation techniques, formation mechanisms, and biomedical applications of LMNPs, while spotlighting the differences in performance of LMNPs prepared by different methods. More specifically, we propose several key strategies to meet the challenges associated with the green scale-up production, quality consistency, and clinical validation of LMNPs, along with suggesting potential solutions to expedite LMNP research. These efforts will magnify their significance as sustainable materials in nano-medicine and advance them toward practical applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 19","pages":"Pages 5400-5422"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oxidative dearomatization of 3-substituted indoles with sulfonium salts: direct access to 3-hydroxyoxindoles†","authors":"Sudipta Baur ,&nbsp;Amitava Hazra ,&nbsp;Joydev K. Laha ,&nbsp;Srimanta Manna","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00780a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00780a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The development of a mild, green, and metal-free oxidative dearomatization process of substituted indoles into 3-hydroxyoxindole derivatives is highly desirable in modern organic chemistry. This emphasis stems from the significance of oxindole cores as an essential and prevalent reactive intermediate in the synthesis of natural products and pharmaceutically relevant molecules. Herein, we report the dual vicinal functionalization of 3-substituted indoles into 3-hydroxy-2-oxindole scaffolds using a sulfonium intermediate generated <em>in situ</em> by activating DMSO with alkyl bromides. Water acts as an oxygen source in this process, allowing the indoles to be 2,3-dioxygenated products. This reaction is a unique approach for generating 3-hydroxy-2-oxindoles and has a broad substrate scope. The transformation takes place in a single step at mild and ambient temperature, allowing access to a variety of 3-hydroxyoxindoles, including natural products, such as donaxaridine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 19","pages":"Pages 5442-5448"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Highly efficient photocatalytic synthesis of disulfides by a self-assembled CsPbBr3/Ti3C2Tx MXene heterojunction†","authors":"Yangbo Zhong ,&nbsp;Haibo Zhu ,&nbsp;Hongben Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinmei Xie ,&nbsp;Liu Yang ,&nbsp;Bo Wang ,&nbsp;Qiangwen Fan ,&nbsp;Zongbo Xie ,&nbsp;Zhanggao Le","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01214g","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc01214g","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The utilization of solar energy, an inexhaustible resource, to drive photocatalytic oxidation reactions is posited as a viable strategy for mitigating issues such as greenhouse gas emissions stemming from fossil fuel consumption. Given the abundant catalytic sites, superior electrical conductivity and self-supported architecture of MXene nanosheets, herein, we developed heterojunction CsPbBr₃/Ti₃C₂T_<em>x</em> MXene nanocomposites and realized their application in photocatalytic oxidation of thiols to yield both symmetrical and asymmetrical disulfides with high efficiency (29 700 μmol g⁻¹ h⁻¹). An efficient excited state charge transfer occurs between CsPbBr₃ NCs and MXene nanosheets, which features exceptional activity and stability. The good performance of these perovskite nanocomposites leads to an economical, sustainable and thus green process for organic synthesis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 19","pages":"Pages 5455-5463"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A facile phase transformation-mediated mechanochemical assembly strategy facilitates the scale-up synthesis of enzyme@MOF biocomposites†","authors":"Qing Chen ,&nbsp;Lihong Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaoxue Kou ,&nbsp;Rui Gao ,&nbsp;Ningyi Zhong ,&nbsp;Anlian Huang ,&nbsp;Rongwei He ,&nbsp;Siming Huang ,&nbsp;Fang Zhu ,&nbsp;Guosheng Chen ,&nbsp;Gangfeng Ouyang","doi":"10.1039/d5gc01222h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc01222h","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we present a phase transformation-mediated mechanochemical encapsulation (PTME) strategy for synthesizing enzyme–metal organic framework (enzyme@MOF) biocomposites, which leverages mild mechanical force to drive rapid phase transformation of ZnO into a crystalline MOF, Zn-HHTP. This phase transformation mechanism enables efficient and solvent-minimal enzyme encapsulation under ambient conditions, while the formed Zn-HHTP shows a highly crystalline network with long-range ordered pore channels facilitating catalytic substrate access to encapsulated enzymes. Using lipase as a model enzyme, the resulting biocomposites present higher catalytic activity compared to their well-exploited lipase@ZIF-8 counterpart, which is also synthesized by a traditional mechanochemical approach. Additionally, Zn-HHTP can shield the encapsulated enzymes against environmental stressors, showing enhanced pH- and thermal stability. As the PTME approach only requires 1 min reaction time with the assistance of a trace amount of buffer solution (35 μL), we demonstrate its ability to synthesize highly active biocatalysts on a gram scale. Our work offers a sustainable and rapid mechanochemical method for synthesizing high-performance enzyme@MOF biocomposites, holding great potential for advancing industrial biocatalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 19","pages":"Pages 5591-5599"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethylene glycol–inorganic solvents for the sustainable recycling of lithium-ion battery cathodes†","authors":"Anting Ding ,&nbsp;Qibin Yan ,&nbsp;Zhenjiang Tian ,&nbsp;Ming Li ,&nbsp;Chuanying Liu ,&nbsp;Chengliang Xiao","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00403a","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00403a","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The dissolution process constitutes a significant barrier in the hydrometallurgical recovery of lithium-ion battery cathodes. Numerous novel solvents have been reported as alternatives to inorganic acids for reducing equipment corrosion and waste emissions; nonetheless, they remain constrained by factors such as cost, viscosity, efficiency, and environmental impact. In this work, several novel ethylene glycol–inorganic solvents (EISs) without such disadvantages were designed for the solvometallurgical recovery of LiCoO₂ (LCO) and lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxides (NCMs). Also, comprehensive characterization was carried out for detailed structures, properties, and dissolution mechanisms. The EIS of EG-AlCl₃·6H₂O (40 g EG was mixed with 5 g AlCl₃·6H₂O) completely dissolved LCO at a solid–liquid ratio of 1 : 50, with extremely low viscosity, simple solvent preparation, and facile dissolution. The acidity of EG in EIS was stimulated by the Lewis acid Al³⁺, rendering the entire dissolution process devoid of supplementary inorganic or organic acids. The recyclable nature of EIS maintained effective leaching of LCO even after three cycles. The reported EISs have high performance and environmental friendliness, illustrating the potential application in recovering high-valence metal resources.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 19","pages":"Pages 5635-5644"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbonized polymer dots as electrolyte additives for suppressing Zn dendrite growth, corrosion, and the HER in Zn-ion batteries†","authors":"Xiao-Yan Shen ,&nbsp;Guo-Duo Yang ,&nbsp;Xin-Yao Huang ,&nbsp;Yan-Fei Li ,&nbsp;Zhuo Wang ,&nbsp;Tong Wang ,&nbsp;Ru-Yi Liu ,&nbsp;Yi-Han Song ,&nbsp;Ming-Xiao Deng ,&nbsp;Hai-Zhu Sun","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00702j","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00702j","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The existence of uncontrollable zinc (Zn) dendrites and interfacial parasitic side reactions in Zn metal anodes greatly limits their development in aqueous Zn-ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) with polar groups are introduced to reduce water activity and limit water-induced side reactions. Moreover, the functional groups on the CPDs work as zincophilic sites to regulate Zn²⁺ flux and induce uniform deposition of Zn along the (002) plane. As a result, Zn||Zn symmetric cells with an electrolyte including CPDs exhibit a satisfactory cycling life of over 1350 h (1 mA cm⁻², 1 mA h cm⁻²), together with excellent performance in full cells. This work shows promising potential for CPDs used as electrolyte additives for aqueous ZIBs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 20","pages":"Pages 5883-5891"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrocatalytic linear coupling of alkenes via radical anion under mild conditions†","authors":"Jingao Xiao ,&nbsp;Feng Long ,&nbsp;Sheng Yi ,&nbsp;Haifang Luo ,&nbsp;Changqun Cai ,&nbsp;Hang Gong","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00295h","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00295h","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The reductive coupling of alkenes is an efficient strategy for directly constructing C–C bonds from readily available bulk chemical feedstocks. Herein, a one-step electrocatalytic protocol is proposed for the direct linear coupling of alkenes. Under electrochemical conditions, the key intermediate, a highly unstable radical anion, is generated without the need for stoichiometric amounts of dangerous organolithium reagents. The radical anion undergoes a subsequent radical addition reaction, and the target compound is formed through proton capture and/or hydrogen atom transfer processes. This strategy supports both homo-coupling and cross-coupling reactions of alkenes and has been successfully applied to the synthesis of bioactive molecules. Electroredox catalysis provides a straightforward and efficient method for generating radical anions from alkenes, paving the way for the wide application of these highly reactive intermediates in chemical synthesis under mild conditions in the absence of metal and oxidant/reductant.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 20","pages":"Pages 5764-5769"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of functional additives, fillers, and pigments on thermal and catalytic pyrolysis of polyethylene for waste plastic upcycling†","authors":"Harish Radhakrishnan ,&nbsp;Abdulrahman A. B. A. Mohammed ,&nbsp;Isabel Coffman ,&nbsp;Xianglan Bai","doi":"10.1039/d5gc00688k","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d5gc00688k","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pyrolysis offers a relatively green and economical method to convert waste plastics into valuable chemicals and fuels without the need for harmful solvents, toxic chemicals, or costly high-pressure reactors. Despite its popularity among chemical upcycling technologies, industrial adoption suffers from feedstock heterogeneity, low-quality products, and catalyst deactivation. Most plastics in our daily lives are formulated with functional additives, fillers, and colorants. These additives remaining in end-of-life waste streams increase feedstock heterogeneity, creating a challenging issue in recycling plastics. Still, the potential impacts of additives on the chemical upcycling of plastics have been poorly understood. In this study, polyethylene compounded with a range of widely used additives (antioxidants, stabilizers, pigments, fillers, slip agents, and flame retardants) was subjected to both thermal pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis in different catalyst-to-feedstock contact modes. It showed that many inorganic additives, such as talc, kaolin, CaCO₃, TiO₂, carbon black, and zinc stearate, facilitated polymer decomposition during pyrolysis, increasing light hydrocarbons while also promoting aromatic and carbon residue formation. Conversely, antioxidants and stabilizers inhibited depolymerization, favoring heavier hydrocarbons. During catalytic pyrolysis with HZSM-5 zeolite, additives strongly enhanced aromatic and catalytic coke formation, especially when there was direct contact between plastics and catalysts. Although certain additives seem beneficial in the short term by promoting polymer cracking and improving the selectivity of aromatics, the transport of the additives and their degradation products and increased carbon coking can contaminate products, deactivate or modify catalysts, and foul reactors. These findings address a critical knowledge gap in effectively converting waste plastics <em>via</em> a greener route.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 20","pages":"Pages 5861-5882"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organocatalytic aqueous formulations: green organocatalytic hydrophobization of heterogeneous polysaccharide-based materials in water through “on-water” mechanisms†","authors":"Rana Alimohammadzadeh ,&nbsp;Dylan Ferreira ,&nbsp;Zine Eddine Hamdouche ,&nbsp;Tanel Mõistlik ,&nbsp;Armando Córdova","doi":"10.1039/d4gc06342b","DOIUrl":"10.1039/d4gc06342b","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A concept for developing stable, water-based colloids for simple, effective, green, and organocatalytic hydrophobization of heterogeneous polysaccharide-based materials (<em>e.g.</em>, cellulose, wood, and paper) in water is disclosed. The addition of a surfactant, an organocatalyst, and a hydrophobic agent (<em>e.g.</em>, alkyl trialkoxysilane) to water results in organocatalytic polymerization and the formation of a water-based suspension, which, upon homogenization, forms a stable colloid. The mechanism for the generation of this organocatalytic aqueous formulation (OAF) is elucidated by microscopy and spectroscopy. It is initiated by organocatalytic alkyl alkoxysilane polymerization within the nanomicelles formed by the surfactant in water through an “on-water” Type IIa mechanism. Next, these micelles expand to a microsize upon further polymerization, eventually leading to aggregation and the formation of a suspension through an “on-water” Type III mechanism. Homogenizing this suspension yields a stable colloid with water as the medium. The OAFs were then applied to various cellulosic substrates (<em>e.g.</em>, cellulose paper, paper sheets, cotton, and wood) by spraying, roll-coating, or dipping. Organocatalytic colloidal particle modification of a wide range of cellulosic substrates (<em>e.g.</em> paper, cotton, and wood) in water through an “on-water” mechanism, which we here classify as Type IV, results in hydrophobic (contact angles of &gt;145°) or superhydrophobic (contact angles of &gt;150°) cellulosic surfaces. Thus, the OAFs can be utilized for modifying a wide range of industrially relevant cellulose-based materials under eco-friendly conditions. The dual role of the organocatalyst in mediating colloidal particle formation and green hydrophobic modification of heterogeneous polysaccharides exemplifies a novel approach for harnessing the catalytic potential of small molecules for organic reactions in water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":78,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry","volume":"27 20","pages":"Pages 5728-5735"},"PeriodicalIF":9.3,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}