American journal of industrial medicine最新文献

{"title":"Expanding Perspectives on Long COVID: Multisystem Outcomes, Socioeconomic Factors, and Occupational Implications","authors":"Chien-Liang Lai, Lien-Chung Wei, Hsien-Jane Chiu","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23744","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23744","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 8","pages":"724-725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Work Systems Hierarchy of Controls: Analysis of Risk Controls Developed by Paramedics","authors":"Karen Davies,&nbsp;Victoria Weale,&nbsp;Jodi Oakman","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23741","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23741","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The hierarchy of control (HOC) is a fundamental construct in work health and safety practice and central for employers to manage risk to the health and safety of workers in Australia, to fulfil their legal obligations. The current HOC has been identified as more effective for developing risk controls for physical hazards than for psychosocial hazards.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To address this limitation, this study involved development and testing of a more comprehensive hierarchy of risk control. The work systems hierarchy of control (WS-HOC) includes three hierarchical levels; elimination, re-design of systems and individual actions. Non-hierarchical categories within levels were developed to distinguish different risk control options, suitable for both physical and psychosocial hazards. Using the WS-HOC, risk controls developed by paramedics to address physical and psychosocial hazards associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders were analyzed. These risk controls were developed using the APHIRM (A Participative Hazard Identification and Risk Management) toolkit in an ambulance service.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The WS-HOC provided a single, contemporary, nuanced approach to evaluating the risk controls for paramedics and their likely effectiveness, regardless of the type of hazard.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This novel approach provides an alternative to previous attempts at supplementing the HOC to improve its application to psychosocial hazards. Further evaluation is required by both practitioners and researchers to examine its utility for other, different occupations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 8","pages":"698-710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23741","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk of Mortality From Esophageal Cancer Among US Poultry Workers, 1950−2019","authors":"Leanna Delhey,&nbsp;Christina Joshua,&nbsp;Jaimi L. Allen,&nbsp;Robert Delongchamp,&nbsp;Benjamin C. Amick,&nbsp;Wendy Nembhard","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23742","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23742","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While research suggests poultry industry workers have an increased risk of cancer mortality, little is known about their risk of esophageal cancer mortality. We investigated the association between working with poultry and esophageal cancer mortality while concurrently investigating other occupational and nonoccupational risk factors amongst poultry industry workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a case-cohort analysis from a cohort of unionized workers in the United States (<i>N</i> = 46,816) and conducted follow-up for mortality from 1950 to 2019 with the National Death Index. Cases were those who died of esophageal cancer and a sub-cohort was randomly selected (<i>N</i> = 2666) for further analysis. We interviewed participants and relatives about their work and personal life. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate the hazard of esophageal cancer mortality due to working with poultry among the full cohort and weighted regression for the sub-cohort and those interviewed. We conducted exploratory analyses to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each interview question, adjusted for confounders, and computed a false discovery rate (FDR).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the full and sub-cohort, working in a poultry plant was associated with an increased hazard of esophageal cancer mortality (HR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.05, 2.50; and HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.65, respectively). Among survey respondents, working in a poultry plant appeared to decrease the risk of esophageal cancer mortality (HR = 0.67; 95% CI = 0.34, 1.35).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Working in poultry plants may increase the risk of death from esophageal cancer, but further research is needed to validate these findings and explore potential mechanisms.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 8","pages":"711-723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23742","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144265136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social and Labor Policies or Programs as Structural Determinants of Occupational Heat Vulnerability","authors":"Leah H. Schinasi,&nbsp;Claire Moore,&nbsp;Augusta Williams,&nbsp;Alina Schnake-Mahl","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23739","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23739","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ambient heat poses a critical threat to population health. Heat exposures are associated with a variety of adverse health or well-being outcomes, including dehydration, acute cardiovascular respiratory events, injury, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and death. These risks are not borne equally; laborers working in industries that require hazardous heat exposures and high metabolic output—construction, agriculture, or manufacturing, among others—are particularly vulnerable. Identifying modifiable interventions to protect heat-vulnerable workers is critical. The objective of this paper is to describe the ways by which social and labor policies or programs, including healthcare access, home weatherization and energy assistance programs, neighborhood greening, workplace heat safety policies, paid leave, pregnancy accommodation laws, minimum wage laws, and collective bargaining, are important upstream determinants of worker heat vulnerability. Informed by the social ecological model and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's definition of climate vulnerability as being determined by exposure intensity, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity, we synthesized literature on heat vulnerability, workplace heat safety policies, social and labor policies or programs and links to the determinants of heat vulnerability. Without broad access to social and labor policies and programs, both inside and outside the workplace, socioeconomic and racialized inequities in worker heat vulnerability will widen. Insights from this paper can inform an equity-focused research, policy and organizing agenda aimed at safeguarding workers against hot temperatures.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 8","pages":"653-665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144245878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Benzene Exposure and Risk of Male Genital Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Alessandro Godono,&nbsp;Andrea Quattrocolo,&nbsp;Roberta Caradonna,&nbsp;Maria Vittoria Picciaiola,&nbsp;Paolo Boffetta,&nbsp;Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23740","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23740","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Benzene is an established Group 1 carcinogen due to its leukemogenic properties. Recent studies suggest that occupational benzene exposure may be associated with solid cancers. However, little is known about its association with male genital cancers. We aimed to summarize the scientific evidence on occupational benzene exposure and the risk of male genital cancers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We searched for relevant articles in three electronic databases. Methodological quality and the certainty of evidence were evaluated using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment tool. We performed pooled and stratified meta-analyses, as well as meta-regressions to explore potential sources of heterogeneity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thirty-one publications were included. Pooled results of incidence and mortality for prostate and testis cancer did not indicate a significant association with occupational benzene exposure. A borderline association was found for the incidence of prostate cancer (standardized incidence ratio (SIR): 1.07, 95% CI 0.97–1.19). Subgroup analyses stratified by study design and study quality revealed significant heterogeneity, with case-control (relative risk (RR): 1.19, 95% CI 1.04–1.36) and high-quality studies (RR: 1.22, 95% CI 1.14–1.31) showing an increased risk. Both NOS and GRADE assessments yielded mostly low to very low-quality results.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review provides no clear evidence of an association between occupational exposure to benzene and the risk of male genital cancers. Subgroup analysis suggests an increased risk of prostate cancer in high-quality studies. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge the methodological limitations of the available studies. Further analyses including methodologically sound studies are needed to corroborate these findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 8","pages":"666-678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23740","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Medical Surveillance of Occupational Lead Exposure Using the EPA's Toxics Release Inventory and Adult Blood Lead Epidemiology and Surveillance Program: Illinois, 2016–2023","authors":"Chibuzor Abasilim,&nbsp;Brett Shannon,&nbsp;Dana Madigan,&nbsp;Lee S. Friedman","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23738","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23738","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Despite existing regulations mandating exposure control, training, and monitoring, many worksites continue to inadequately protect workers from lead exposure. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires facilities to report lead emissions to the Toxics Release Inventory (TRI), presenting a potential tool for identifying at-risk worksites. Research has demonstrated that facilities responsible for high levels of environmental pollution often have poor occupational hygiene controls.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We linked EPA's TRI, the Illinois Adult Blood Lead Registry and business employer data. Using generalized estimating equation (GEE) models, we evaluated the relationship between lead emissions and blood lead testing to estimate the number of potentially exposed workers at sites without medical surveillance of lead exposures between 2016 and 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Of 477 Illinois facilities reporting lead emissions, 8.2% (<i>n</i> = 39) were above-threshold polluters. Only 3.98% (<i>n</i> = 19) reported blood lead testing for 2 or more workers between 2016 and 2023. Average annual on-site emissions were 86 pounds for below-threshold polluters, 2601 pounds for facilities providing medical surveillance, and 16,917 pounds among above-threshold polluters without medical surveillance. Among the 39 above-threshold worksites without medical surveillance, the GEE model estimates that (range low-to-high) 7 to 684 workers annually had positive blood lead levels, and 10 to 256 workers had levels ≥ 25 μg/dL. The models indicate that the majority of estimated exposed workers would be employed at 15 worksites.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Among facilities reporting above-threshold lead releases, workers rarely received blood lead testing. EPA's TRI data can identify facilities where compliance with the OSHA lead standards is inadequate and can help prioritize worksites for outreach.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 8","pages":"688-697"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23738","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144126642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Burden of Selected Chronic Conditions Among Adults of Prime Working Age (25–54) by 2022 Self-Reported COVID-19 and Long COVID History Compared to 2019 Pre-Pandemic Baseline Prevalence: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System","authors":"Sharon R. Silver,&nbsp;Jia Li,&nbsp;Sharon H. Saydah","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23735","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23735","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prior research has observed increased risks for numerous chronic conditions among individuals with Long COVID. Chronic conditions have been associated with employment limitations and increased economic hardships. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) present an opportunity to examine changes by employment status in the prevalence of a range of chronic conditions between 2019 (pre-pandemic) and, in 2022, by self-reported COVID-19 or Long COVID.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed the prevalence of chronic conditions in 2022 by employment status and self-reported COVID-19 and Long COVID history using data from BRFSS for adults of prime working age (25–54 years) who were employed for wages, self-employed, unemployed less than 1 year, unemployed 1 year or more, or unable to work. For each chronic condition (coronary heart disease and myocardial infarction [combined], stroke, ever and current asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney disease, diabetes, and arthritis), we generated adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) comparing 2022 prevalence by COVID-19/Long COVID category to prevalences among respondents in that employment status before the pandemic (2019).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The prevalence of both asthma and diabetes increased significantly between 2019 and 2022 among respondents in all included employment categories and COVID-19/Long COVID histories combined. Among employed respondents with Long COVID in 2022, aPRs using 2019 prevalence figures for all employed respondents as a baseline for comparison had statistically significant elevations for every chronic condition assessed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The increased prevalence of a range of chronic conditions between 2019 and 2022 among adults with Long COVID may present a burden for individuals, the workplace, the healthcare system, and the economy. Additional research in a longitudinal context could better quantify these associations. Efforts to prevent, identify, and treat Long COVID can reduce this burden.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"620-630"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144109335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Use Right Before or During Work Among the Young US Workers: Evidence From the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 Cohort","authors":"Sehun Oh,&nbsp;Daejun Park,&nbsp;Sarah Al-Hashemi","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23737","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23737","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Substance use right before or during work (hereinafter, “substance use in the workplace”) poses significant health risks to users, colleagues, and the public in the workplace. However, less clear are figures on recent prevalence, characteristics of those engaging in such behaviors, and variations across occupations. This study examines the prevalence of substance use in the workplace, individual and work-related characteristics, and substance use risks across different occupations among a nationally representative sample of workers in their early 30 s—a period of heightened substance use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 (NLSY97) were analyzed, focusing on 6155 respondents. Past-month prevalence of substance use in the workplace (separately for any substance, alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine/hard drugs) was assessed overall and by occupation using the Census 2002 Standard Occupational Classification. Multivariable Poisson regression models tested associations between occupation and substance use, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In the past month, 8.9% of workers reported any substance use in the workplace, including 5.9% for alcohol, 3.1% for marijuana, and 0.8% for cocaine/hard drugs. Prevalence was highest in food preparation/serving occupations, followed by safety-sensitive occupations. Our models indicated higher risks for all types of substance use among food preparation/serving workers, higher alcohol use among white-collar workers, and elevated alcohol and marijuana use in safety-sensitive occupations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The substantial prevalence of workforce substance use among individuals in their early 30 s raises public health concerns, underscoring the need for workplace interventions addressing occupation-specific patterns of alcohol and marijuana use.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 8","pages":"679-687"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.23737","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144075396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Body Cooling Strategies on Physiological and Performance Outcomes During Simulated Occupational Work in the Heat","authors":"Cecilia E. Kaufman,&nbsp;Margaret C. Morrissey-Basler,&nbsp;Monique Marcelino,&nbsp;Douglas J. Casa","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23734","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23734","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body cooling is a low-cost heat strain mitigation strategy to effectively reduce heat strain and enhance work performance. However, data on the efficacy of body cooling strategies remains limited. We aimed to examine the effects of body cooling with cooling garments on physiological, perceptual, and performance outcomes during simulated work in the heat in men and women.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Fourteen physically active participants (seven men and seven women; age: 26 ± 3 years, peak oxygen consumption [VO₂peak]: 42.7 ± 7.9 mL kg⁻¹ min⁻¹) completed two randomized control trials in a hot, humid environment (40°C, 40% relative humidity). During the body cooling trial (COOL), participants wore cooling garments (hat, sleeves, neck gaiter), and large cooling towels during rest breaks. There was no cooling intervention in the control trial (CON). Rectal temperature (<i>T</i>_REC), skin temperature (<i>T</i>_SK), and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously. Performance outcomes included the number of boxes lifted during the trial (BOX) and the time to complete 25 repetitions (TT25) post-trial.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a significant interaction between trial and activity with COOL reporting overall lower <i>T</i>_REC (CON: 38.40 ± 0.46°C; COOL: 38.08 ± 0.31°C; <i>p </i>&lt; 0.001), <i>T</i>_SK (CON: 37.20 ± 0.72°C; COOL: 35.52 ± 1.52°C; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001), and HR (CON: 145 ± 17 bpm; COOL: 133 ± 24 bpm; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). There was a significant interaction between the number of boxes lifted and trial during BOX 1 and 3 (BOX 1: <i>p</i> = 0.010; BOX 3: <i>p</i> = 0.001). Significant differences between mean TT25 (CON: 169 ± 34 s; COOL: 149 ± 32 s; <i>p</i> = 0.011) were reported between trials.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Body cooling garments reduced physiological responses while improving performance during simulated work in heat and should be considered an effective, low-cost strategy to protect laborers from heat strain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"607-619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143956652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sick Leave and Its Associated Factors Among Pregnant Working Women in Egypt","authors":"Asmaa El-Sayed Awaad,&nbsp;Abdel-Hady El-Gilany,&nbsp;Radwa Sehsah","doi":"10.1002/ajim.23736","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.23736","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>As more women enter the workforce, particularly during their childbearing years, high sick leave rates during pregnancy are observed. The current study aimed to measure the prevalence and predictors of sick leave among pregnant workers and to compare it with pre-pregnancy levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A self-controlled, cross-sectional survey was conducted on 384 pregnant working women using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data included sociodemographic, medical, obstetric, and occupational histories, and details of sick leave during pregnancy and the preceding 9 months. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify significant independent predictors of sick leave during pregnancy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Prevalence of sick leave was significantly higher during pregnancy compared to the prior 9 months and in the third trimester compared to the other trimesters. Significant predictors were sociodemographic factors [adverse health (adjusted odd ration (AOR) 5.5; 95% CI 2.25–13.54), obstetric history (AOR 2.9; 95% CI 1.48–5.50) and multiparity (AOR 2.2; 95% CI 1.15–4.06)], and work-related factors [strenuous (AOR 16.9; 95% CI 5.91–48.35), or medium-skill occupations (AOR 14.1; 95% CI 3.85–50.32), and low job control (AOR 21.1; 95% CI 8.79–50.32)]. Pregnancy-related significant predictors were infertility treatment (AOR 11.4; 95% CI 2.4–54.2), nausea and vomiting (AOR 6.6; 95% CI 3.1–14.4), neck/back pain (AOR 6.1; 95% CI 3.1–11.9), and respiratory infections (AOR 3.1; 95% CI 1.6–6.2).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Egypt, sick leave is common during pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester, due to factors related to work, health, and pregnancy. Workplace adjustments, such as flexible schedules and reduced physical demands, could help minimize sick leave and support pregnant employees.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"68 7","pages":"631-641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}