American journal of industrial medicine最新文献

{"title":"Work-Related Asthma From Exposure to Cardboard and Paper Products.","authors":"Mason E Glanville, Mary Jo Reilly, Kenneth D Rosenman","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70080","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We assess the contribution of cardboard dust exposure to the development of work-related asthma (WRA). Prior studies on paper-dust-related breathing problems have focused on exposures in the paper milling and pulp industries. There have been no reports of asthma linked to workplace exposure to cardboard dust.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From 1988 to 2022, all cases of asthma associated with paper and cardboard dust exposure reported to the Michigan statewide surveillance system were identified. We summarize the characteristics of these workers.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eight cases of paper-dust-related asthma were identified. Seven of the cases were attributed to cardboard dust, and one to paper dust exposure. Half were exposed to cardboard dust while packaging and shipping products in cardboard containers. Five of the cases were new-onset asthma; the other three were work-aggravated asthma. No exposures were reported from paper milling or pulp industries.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Cardboard dust was identified as a major contributor to the incidence of asthma associated with paper products. No cases were identified from the paper milling or pulping industry, despite most research studies reporting respiratory disease in that industry. Cardboard dust within manufacturing industries disproportionately contributed to cases of WRA in the state of Michigan, which is not reflected in the medical literature.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":"482-488"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-Reported Cannabis Use and Intoxication at Work: Prevalence Across Industries and Occupations and Association With Workplace Injuries in the United States (US).","authors":"Ava Kucera, Nancy Carnide, Anastasia Marquette, David Hammond","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70075","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70075","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine the prevalence of workplace cannabis use across industry and occupation categories, and potential associations between workplace use, intoxication, and work-related injuries.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>National survey data from Wave 7 (2024) of the International Cannabis Policy Study (ICPS) were used, including 30,123 workers aged 16-65 years from the United States. Separate logistic regression models examined past 30-day cannabis use at work across standard industry and occupation categories, and the association between past 30-day self-reported use, intoxication at work, and work-related injuries in the past 12 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Approximately 1 in 10 workers reported using cannabis at work/within 2 h before work, of whom 2 in 5 reported feeling high at work \"often\" or \"every time.\" The prevalence of workplace consumption was greatest among those working in the \"Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting\" (24.9%), \"Construction\" (14.4%), and \"Accommodation and food services\" (12.6%) industries. Similar results were observed by occupation. The odds of experiencing a work-related injury in the past 12 months were greater among workplace cannabis consumers who reported feeling high \"sometimes,\" \"often,\" or \"every time\" versus those who reported no past-year cannabis use (29.6% vs. 11.2%, adjusted OR = 1.66, p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Workplace cannabis use is common in some occupations and industries, including those with substantial occupational risks. Self-reported cannabis intoxication at work was associated with increased odds of experiencing a work-related injury. Workplaces could consider developing policies that minimize cannabis intoxication at work, specifically, rather than all cannabis use.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":"420-430"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147466636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Evaluation of Mortality Rates and Their Determinants in a Cohort of Former Asbestos Miners in South Africa.","authors":"Yumna Williams-Mohamed, Rodney Ehrlich, Jim teWaterNaude, Shahieda Adams","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70077","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70077","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>A causal association between occupational asbestos exposure and lung disease, including pneumoconiosis and mesothelioma, is well established. Elevated mortality among former asbestos miners is expected. However, large-scale South African studies examining all-cause mortality in this population are lacking. We assessed all-cause mortality among former asbestos miners recorded in the Asbestos and Kgalagadi Relief Trusts' Inyosi database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>All-cause standard mortality ratios (SMRs) and crude mortality rates (CMRs) were calculated for 11,343 ex-miners. Mortality predictors were modeled using Cox regression analysis, and mortality trends were assessed by examining annual all-cause CMRs and SMRs over the 20-year study period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort's all-cause mortality exceeded that of the general population by 4% (SMR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.01-1.07), with excess mortality confined to women (SMR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.09-1.25). Increasing ILO radiographic profusion category strongly predicted mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) ranging from 1.13 (95% CI: 1.05-1.23) to 2.42 (95% CI: 1.58-3.71). Severely reduced lung function was also associated with increased risk, including forced expiratory volume in 1 s and forced vital capacity z-scores below -3.0 (aHR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.41-1.81 and aHR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.12-1.42, respectively). Additional predictors included body mass index less than 18.5 kg/m² (aHR = 1.46; 95% CI: 1.36-1.58) and previous smoking (aHR = 1.43; 95% CI: 1.35-1.53). SMRs declined over time.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Radiological and spirometric indicators were key predictors of mortality. These findings support risk stratification and targeted interventions, particularly early management of respiratory complications and smoking cessation, to reduce mortality. The excess female mortality highlights the occupational hazards of aboveground asbestos activities, gender‑specific work practices, and insufficient control measures in this setting. Although standardized mortality was only modestly elevated, interpretation was limited by incomplete data.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":"446-460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147508675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Empirical Prevention Science: Insights From the Study of Trauma-Related Symptoms in Public Safety Personnel.","authors":"Nicole White, Shannon L Wagner","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70073","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70073","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Advancing workplace mental health prevention is paramount, yet to date there are no effective, evidence-based strategies that can be widely recommended for prevention of occupational trauma-related symptoms. Because the conceptual framework of prevention following potentially psychologically traumatic exposure (PPTE) is to intervene prior to the development or worsening of trauma-related symptoms, an index of successful prevention is to observe no change or minimal change in baseline symptom levels. Considering common pitfalls of statistically interpreting an absence of change, in this review, we address the widespread problem of null findings in prevention science and discuss theoretical and analytical concepts to advance the quality and strength of inferences that can be drawn from statistical analysis in quantitative prevention science. Public safety personnel (PSP) comprise a unique set of occupational groups where frequent exposure to PPTEs is an inherent occupational hazard. Correspondingly, PSP demonstrate elevated prevalence rates of trauma-related disorders including PTSD, depression, anxiety, sleep problems, and substance use, and development of effective, evidence-based prevention is urgently needed. Using insights from research with PSP samples as a case study, we summarize current limitations constraining occupation-related prevention science and offer an overview of research design and analytical strategies to promote the development and testing of rigorous and effective prevention strategies to support occupational mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":"399-408"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147430243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Job Strain on Occupational Access to Firearms and Firearm-Related Suicide Among US Workers.","authors":"Victor A Soupene, Jonathan Davis, Joseph E Cavanaugh, Jonathan M Platt, Paul A Romitti, Carri Casteel","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70078","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70078","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Firearm-related suicide rates are notably high among workers such as police officers and farmers. One risk factor is occupational access to firearms, but other occupational characteristics, such as job strain, are less understood. This study examined the impact of job strain on the association between occupational access to firearms and firearm-related suicide.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study used National Violent Death Reporting System data for 2013-2019 (n = 81,196). The outcome was firearm-related suicides, which were compared to suicides by other lethal means. The exposures included workers who used firearms as part of their job. Job strain was measured through the combination of job demand and job control measures. Job strain served as an effect modifier of the association between occupational access to firearms and firearm-related suicide. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models, with stratified analyses for biological sex.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Working in a high-strain job (characterized by high job demands and low job control) significantly increased the odds of firearm-related suicide for both male (OR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.9, 3.0) and female (OR = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.4, 6.5) decedents, compared to those with no occupational access to firearms and working in low-strain jobs (characterized by low job demands and high job control).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Reducing job strain in occupations with access to firearms may help decrease firearm-related suicides. Future research should explore the role of social support and additional individual-level factors, including access to personal firearms and the temporality of psychosocial factors related to occupation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":"461-472"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of Initial Stay Time and Work-Rest Scheduling Over Consecutive Moderate-Intensity Workdays in Hot Environments in Young and Older Males and Females.","authors":"Glen P Kenny, Katie E Wagar, Roberto C Harris-Mostert, Kristina-Marie T Janetos, James J McCormick, Kelli E King, Leonidas G Ioannou, Ronald J Sigal, W Shane Journeay, Fergus K O'Connor","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70076","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70076","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Initial stay time (IST), the duration of continuous work before core temperature reaches 38.0°C, has been characterized in young and older adults but not across consecutive work periods or in conjunction with standard work-rest cycles. We examined sex- and age-specific ISTs during moderate-intensity work in very warm conditions and evaluated the effectiveness of prescribed work-rest cycles.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty young (18-30 years, n = 15 females) and thirty older (50-69 years, n = 15 females) habitually active, non-heat-acclimatized adults completed a 1.5-day simulated work protocol while wearing coveralls ( ~ 1-Clo). On Day 1, participants completed morning (AM1) and afternoon (PM1) work bouts separated by a 1 h lunch recovery in a cooled environment (22°C); on Day 2, a morning bout (AM2) was completed. Work consisted of treadmill walking at ~200 W·m^-2 in 26°C wet-bulb globe temperature until IST, followed by work-rest cycles starting with a 15-min rest and 45 min of work, for up to 240 min or volitional fatigue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IST was shorter in PM1 than AM1 but did not differ between mornings. Females reached 38.0°C faster than males, with older females showing the shortest IST. Work-rest cycles maintained mean rectal temperature ≤38.3°C in >90% of bouts, with no sex- or age-related differences in cumulative time above 38.0°C. Cardiovascular strain was higher during PM1, while perceptual measures did not reliably track physiological strain.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Continuous work to IST was reduced during afternoon work following morning work but was restored the next morning across sex and age groups. When applied after IST, prescribed work-rest cycles effectively maintained core temperature near safety limits. These findings highlight the need to consider work timing and worker characteristics when planning work in hot environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":"431-445"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Healthcare Workers' Workplace Violence Exposure Over Time Using Workers' Compensation Claims.","authors":"Rachel Odes, Soo-Jeong Lee, OiSaeng Hong, Wan-Chin Kuo","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70079","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70079","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Workplace violence towards healthcare workers impacts workforce stability and patient care delivery. California passed a workplace violence prevention standard, phased in during 2017-2018, requiring enhanced tracking and training in healthcare workplaces. Workers' compensation claims provide a tool to track frequency of violence over time.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive study synthesizes data from the California Workers' Compensation Information System (WCIS) covering all healthcare workplaces in the state. Claims included were filed from 2013 to 2021. We tabulated the annual rate of workplace violence-related claims, types of workplaces with high rates of claims, and types of injuries caused by violence.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 46,762 violence-related workers' compensation claims over the study period from a total of 418,278 total claims (11%). The highest rate of violence-related claims was in 2019 (5.6 claims per 1000 healthcare workers). Residential care facilities for children reported 31% of their total claims as violence-related, and psychiatric and substance-use hospitals reported 35% of their total claims as violence-related. Most healthcare industry claims were from individuals working in hospitals, and employees in these workplaces reported between 11% and 13% of total claims as violence-related.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Workers' compensation claims provide an important description of workplace violence exposure among healthcare workers, and the relative stability of measurement makes it a useful way to track the impact of mitigation strategies over time. It would be valuable for workers' compensation claims managers to capture an assessment of whether an incident involved violence to facilitate appropriate connection to needed resources, including psychological support, for an injured worker.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":"473-481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farming Becomes More Precarious With Age: Injury in Maine Agricultural Communities, 2008-2022, via Time Series Analysis.","authors":"Laura E Jones, Erika Scott, Nicole Krupa, Cristina S Hansen-Ruiz, Paul Jenkins","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70074","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70074","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fatal occupational injury rates among agricultural workers are within the top 10 most dangerous civilian jobs. However, tracking and documenting non-fatal agricultural injuries in Maine, as in other states, has proved challenging. In 2021, we developed a machine learning-based strategy to extract injury cases from free-text pre-hospital care records (PCRs), which together with final human coding, produces injury time-series records coded by type, severity, location, date, and subject industry. In this paper we explore and summarize novel time-series records for agriculture obtained from PCR from Maine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>From a fully labeled Maine dataset (N = 57,960) comprising coded injuries, we selected only agricultural events, yielding 1604 injuries from 2008 to 2022. We summarize by year, month and age category, and establish seasonality before decomposing time series data, divided into three roughly equal 4-year sub-periods, into seasonal, trend and random components using a classical additive model. We investigate associations between age category and injury rate via mixed effects regression, then perform time series regression on differenced monthly injury time series and temperature records to determine if, seasonality aside, temperature extrema are responsible for increased injuries. Finally, we visualize and summarize trend and random components for each study sub-period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Injury rates show strong seasonality with a peak in July-August, and a trough in January or February. Subject age drifts slowly upwards during our study period, and there is a significant and positive association between age category and injury rate for all but the most elderly farm workers. Injury rates in the age categories of 40-81 years increase dramatically between 2016 and the 2019-2022 period, as does the moving average of the injury rates, and the variability of the random component of the time series.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a significant positive association between increasing age category and injury rate across all periods. While our injury data has strong seasonality, we find no significant associations between monthly temperature extremes and injury rates. Moving average trends for injury rates in the two periods comprising 2008-2016 show little change in trend, but injury rate trend shifts upward in 2019-2022, almost doubling in mean value.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":"409-419"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147442147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Workplace Productivity Cost Associated With Psychological Distress in the United States.","authors":"Abay Asfaw, Toni Alterman, Regina Pana-Cryan","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.70085","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Psychological distress (PD) is negatively associated with workplace productivity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the potential workplace productivity cost of PD related to absenteeism and presenteeism in the United States, and to break down this cost by broad industry sector.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>We used data from the 2021 National Health Interview Survey, which included questions on absenteeism and presenteeism, and applied a human capital approach to quantify absenteeism and presenteeism cost associated with PD. We measured PD using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6) and categorized the presence or severity of PD as: no (K6 = 0), mild (K6 = 1-4), moderate (K6 = 5-12), and severe (K6 ≥ 13) PD. We used workers reporting no PD as the reference group. Our regression models included sociodemographic, economic, health, and workplace covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 2021, 16,356 sampled adults represented 151 million US workers. Among these workers, 3.8 million (2.5%) reported experiencing severe, 24.0 million (15.9%) moderate, and 57.4 million (38.0%) mild PD. Our regression estimates suggest that the total PD-related absenteeism and presenteeism cost that year was between United States Dollars (USD) 90.1 and 118.2 billion, excluding additional costs related to injury, turnover, disability claims, and early retirement. We also observed statistically significant differences in estimated total and per-worker cost of PD across seven broad industry sectors. Total PD-related cost was highest in the services sector (USD 53.9 billion), followed by healthcare and social assistance (USD 19.7 billion) and wholesale and retail trade (USD 12.4 billion). On a per-worker basis, we observed the highest cost in healthcare and social assistance (USD 950), services (USD 732), and wholesale and retail trade (USD 731).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our findings showed large and uneven burden of PD across different industries manifested through absenteeism and presenteeism. This burden may be reduced, and productivity enhanced, through improvement in work organization, the implementation of psychosocial risk management strategies, and the expansion of mental health interventions. Investments in workplace mental health may generate returns comparable to other capital investments largely through lowering absenteeism and presenteeism costs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations Between Nonstandard Work Schedules and Abnormal Sleep Duration and Weekend Catch-Up Sleep: Findings From a Nationally Representative Sample of Middle-Aged Workers in Japan.","authors":"Huilin Wang, Hideyuki Kobayashi, Masaya Takahashi, Kyoko Suzuki, Tomohiro Takami","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.70087","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Owing to the rise of the 24/7 economy, many workers operate around the clock. However, few studies have explored the association between specific types of nonstandard work schedules (NWSs) and sleep.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using a nationally representative sample of middle-aged workers (n = 14,675) in Japan, we investigated the associations between four types of NWSs (evening, morning, both morning and evening, and night schedules) and abnormal sleep duration on weekdays and weekend catch-up sleep (WCS) via multinomial logistic regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to daytime work schedules, all four types of NWSs were associated with increased risks of very short (< 5 h) and long (≥ 9 h) sleep duration and short (1 h) WCS. Night schedules were associated with the highest risk of very short sleep duration, whereas both morning and evening schedules were associated with the highest risk of short (5 h) and long sleep duration. Additionally, both morning and evening, and night schedules were associated with increased risks of moderate (2 h) and long (≥ 3 h) WCS. Stratification revealed sex-related differences.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Work timing is independently associated with abnormal sleep duration and WCS. Furthermore, the associations differ across different types of NWSs. These findings provide insights into worktime arrangements in workplaces to promote sleep health.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147809583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}