American journal of industrial medicine最新文献

{"title":"Initial Stay Time and Work-Rest Scheduling During Consecutive Heavy-Intensity Workdays in Hot Environments in Young and Older Males.","authors":"Glen P Kenny, Gil Bourgois, Sarah M Taggart, Kelli E McCormick, James J McCormick, Leonidas G Ioannou, Fergus K O'Connor","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.70138","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study examined initial stay times (IST), defined as the duration of uninterrupted work before core temperature approaches recommended safety limits (38.0°C, ~1.0°C above baseline), and the efficacy of work-rest cycles during repeated heavy work across consecutive workdays in young and older males.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty-one active, non-heat-acclimated males (10 young: 22 [20-25] y; 11 older: 67 [63-68] y) completed a 1.5-day work protocol wearing coveralls (~1 Clo). Participants performed treadmill walking at ~260 W·m^-2 in 26°C WBGT during morning (AM1) and afternoon (PM1) bouts on Day 1, separated by a 1-h lunch break, followed by a morning bout (AM2) on Day 2.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After reaching IST, ACGIH-recommended work-rest cycles (30-min work/30-min rest) were implemented for up to 240 min while core temperature was monitored. IST was shorter during PM1 than AM1, reflecting elevated baseline core temperatures entering the afternoon work period (median [Q1, Q3]: AM1: 61 [44, 75] min; PM1: 29 [24, 34] min). Following overnight recovery, IST returned to morning baseline values on Day 2 (AM2: 62 [47, 111] min). Age did not significantly influence IST across work periods. After reaching IST, prescribed work-rest cycles maintained core temperature near safety limits (≤ 38.1°C) across work periods, although older males exhibited slightly higher peak values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>We show that the duration of the initial work bout before reaching recommended safety limits is reduced during afternoon work but returns to baseline after overnight recovery. Once implemented, prescribed work-rest cycles effectively regulate thermal strain across work periods in young and older males.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148966126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Conditions and Well-Being Among Informal Waste Pickers in Hong Kong: A Comparative Study of 2018 and 2023.","authors":"Siu-Ming Chan, Alan Tam, Heng Xu, Yu-Tian He, Yuen-Ki Tang, Gum-Ryeong Park, Wing-Him Tang","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70134","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.70134","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Informal waste pickers play a crucial role in urban recycling systems but often face precarious employment and systematic marginalization. This study examines the evolving demographic, occupational, and health trends of informal waste pickers in Hong Kong between 2018 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study utilized a face-to-face structured questionnaire to collect cross-sectional survey data in 2018 (N = 505) and 2023 (N = 701) across Hong Kong. Independent-samples t-tests were conducted to compare demographic variables, working conditions, income sources and levels, physical health, and negative encounters (e.g., property theft and scale manipulation) between the two periods.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The surveys show that the waste picker population remains predominantly older adults. Between 2018 and 2023, their living conditions exhibited significant changes across four core dimensions. First, the average monthly income from recycling and the proportion relying on the Old Age Living Allowance increased significantly. Second, a greater number of waste pickers reported being motivated by earning a basic livelihood and supporting environmental protection. Third, the proportion experiencing weighing-scale manipulation and physical injury increased. Finally, despite a significant increase in daily work rounds, the proportion reporting physical strain declined.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite nominal income gains, Hong Kong's predominantly female waste pickers face intensified structural violence via unfair markets and discrimination. Hence, female-friendly policies and other procedures, including sector formalization, the establishment of waste picker organizations, intermediary regulation, retirement and health support, and anti-discrimination public education, are suggested.</p>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148954666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a Remote Physical Activity Intervention on the Health Outcomes of Education Professionals at a Secondary, Technical, and Higher Education Institution in the State of Tocantins, Brazil","authors":"Gilvanio A. Pereira,&nbsp;Eduardo L. Caputo,&nbsp;Mariele dos Santos Rosa Xavier,&nbsp;Marcelo C. da Silva","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70110","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70110","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Context</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Technology-mediated remote interventions are promising strategies to promote physical activity in occupational settings, but evidence for these among education professionals is still limited. This study evaluated the effects of a remote physical activity intervention on health outcomes in Brazilian education workers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A pre-post quasi-experimental study was conducted with 203 participants. A 12-week intervention provided motivational messages through digital platforms. Physical activity, sleep quality, musculoskeletal symptoms, and quality of life were assessed using validated instruments. Paired tests were applied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Physical activity increased significantly in all domains (1659.35 ± 1096.45 to 1967.84 ± 1410.32; <i>p</i> = 0.010 for light physical activity), (861.87 ± 723.33 to 1420.39 ± 1424.67; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001 for moderate), (872.28 ± 912.64 to 1111.25 ± 1202.85; <i>p</i> = 0.006—vigorous) and (3393.50 ± 2103.08 to 4499.48 ± 3018.20; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001—total physical activity). Quality of life improved in the physical, psychological, and environmental domains, as well as overall (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). No significant changes were observed in overall sleep quality; however, sleep duration worsened slightly (+23.1%; <i>p</i> = 0.041; <i>r</i> = 0.177). Upper back pain decreased significantly (46.8%–36.5%; <i>p</i> = 0.044).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Remote interventions can improve physical activity and quality of life, with limited effects on sleep and musculoskeletal outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"69 10","pages":"803-813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characteristics of Participants During the First Three Years of the National Firefighter Registry for Cancer, United States, January 2023–December 2025","authors":"Miriam R. Siegel,&nbsp;Alexander C. Mayer,&nbsp;Kenneth W. Fent,&nbsp;Andrea F. Wilkinson","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70112","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70112","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Firefighting is a known human carcinogen, but knowledge gaps remain regarding cancer burden and risk factors among U.S. firefighters. The Firefighter Cancer Registry Act of 2018 directed the development of the National Firefighter Registry (NFR) for Cancer, a voluntary exposure registry managed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. This manuscript describes participation during the first three years of NFR enrollment (January 2023–December 2025).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We descriptively calculated frequencies and percentages of participants across demographic and occupational characteristics and stratified by enrollment completion status, work status, and method of recruitment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There were 39,058 firefighters from all 50 states and several territories who participated in the NFR, including 4019 reporting a history of cancer. Participants were predominantly male (91%), White (83%), actively serving full time (75%), and reported various firefighting assignments. Overall, 72% of participants submitted the enrollment questionnaire, 24% did not submit the questionnaire but provided enough information to include in state cancer registry linkages, and 4% had incomplete enrollment. The largest attrition occurred at the work history section of the questionnaire, but completion rates were generally similar by demographic and occupational characteristics. A department roster-based recruitment method resulted in a slightly lower self-reported cancer prevalence through exploratory analyses, suggesting possible reduction of selection bias by cancer status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings demonstrate national engagement and high completion rates in a large, voluntary occupational registry. Continued recruitment, particularly among volunteer firefighters and other underrepresented groups, will strengthen the NFR's utility for analyzing cancer and cancer risk factors among U.S. firefighters.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"69 10","pages":"830-844"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Heterogeneity in World Trade Center Responders: Relations to Maladaptive Personality Traits","authors":"Shely Khaikin,&nbsp;Nick Galef,&nbsp;Jonathan DePierro,&nbsp;Robert Pietrzak,&nbsp;Adriana Feder,&nbsp;Sandra Lowe","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70118","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70118","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There has been growing interest in symptom heterogeneity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet examinations of personality variation across symptom typologies have been largely limited to veteran samples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study expands this literature by examining self-reported PTSD symptoms (PTSD Checklist for DSM-IV) and potentially maladaptive personality traits (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III) in 516 treatment-seeking World Trade Center (WTC) rescue, recovery, and cleanup workers (mean age = 51.1; 75% male).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Latent class analysis identified five distinct PTSD symptom profiles: severe (<i>n</i> = 216), low symptom (<i>n</i> = 82), threat arousal (<i>n</i> = 73), mild numbing-hyperarousal (<i>n</i> = 71), and avoidance-numbing-hyperarousal (<i>n</i> = 68). PTSD symptom heterogeneity was meaningfully associated with distinct patterns of personality scale elevations and the total number of clinical elevations observed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings underscore the need for assessment strategies that integrate personality profiles into conceptualization of PTSD subtypes and suggest that personality-informed approaches may enhance treatment engagement or outcomes in populations with disaster-related occupational trauma exposure.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"69 10","pages":"874-885"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148547750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local Construction Employment and Binge Drinking Among US Adults in Their Early 30s: Insights From a Path Analysis","authors":"Sehun Oh,&nbsp;Bridget Freisthler,&nbsp;Devan Hawkins","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70119","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70119","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Construction workers face elevated risks of alcohol misuse—especially binge drinking—due to physically demanding labor, long hours, and limited paid vacation. At the same time, emerging evidence suggests that a larger local construction sector may have protective community-level effects on alcohol and other drug outcomes. This study examines how both county-level construction job share and individual employment in construction relate to residents’ binge-drinking behaviors, incorporating individual and work-related mediators.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997, linked with county-level job statistics, we applied generalized structural equation modeling to assess associations between local construction job share and binge drinking among adults in their early 30s. Mediators included employment status, work schedule, precarious employment conditions, and psychological distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Living in counties with a larger construction sector increased the likelihood of working in frontline construction occupations, which was associated with more demanding work schedules. Demanding work schedule and psychological distress were positively associated with binge drinking. However, employment in construction also predicted lower precarious employment conditions and psychological distress. Notably, greater local construction job share was directly associated with lower odds and frequency of binge drinking, suggesting a protective ecological effect.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Findings highlight the importance of addressing demanding work hours and limited vacation—key risk factors for alcohol misuse. Although a strong construction economy may offer community-level protective effects, targeted interventions remain essential to mitigate alcohol-related risks within this high-risk occupational group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"69 10","pages":"886-893"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.70119","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Essential, Yet Precarious, Mistreated, Sick and Medicalized: A Sequential Explanatory Mixed-Methods Study on Homecare Aides in Spain","authors":"Albert Navarro-Giné,&nbsp;Pedro Ferrer-Rosende,&nbsp;Maria Feijoo-Cid,&nbsp;Sergio Salas-Nicás,&nbsp;Laura Esteve-Matalí,&nbsp;Valeria Stuardo-Ávila,&nbsp;María Isabel Fernández-Cano","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Homecare aides (HCAs) are professional non-family caregivers, who support dependent individuals to live at home with dignity; yet in Spain they remain understudied and vulnerable, often facing precarious working conditions. We aimed to characterize HCAs’ employment, living conditions, health, and exposure to workplace violence and harassment, considering migrant background as a key axis of inequality.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. Quantitative data came from an online respondent-driven sampling survey of 324 HCAs across Spain, with stratified analyses by migrant background. Qualitative data were obtained through three focus groups and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Findings were triangulated during interpretation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The findings suggest that precariousness extends beyond the workplace, affecting everyday life, social relationships, and health. Quantitative results showed poorer health, higher exposure to workplace violence, and greater drug use among migrant HCAs. While the qualitative data did not fully account for these differences, they offered insight into possible underlying mechanisms, such as physically demanding work and lack of resources. Qualitative findings also confirmed greater exposure to different forms of violence and sexual harassment among migrant HCAs, while revealing broader gendered patterns of violence affecting the occupation as a whole.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A vicious circle of poverty, poor health, and workplace violence/discrimination emerges, described by HCAs as their being “poor and enslaved.” Migration background influences inequalities, but widespread structural precariousness tends to homogenize experiences, while gender dynamics further shape vulnerability. Urgent intersectional policies are needed to ensure decent work and protect HCAs’ health and rights.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"69 10","pages":"814-829"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148395695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occupational Zoonotic Risk at India's Human-Animal Interface: Statutory Origins and a Regulatory Pathway for the Compensation-Prevention Disconnect","authors":"Laxit K. Bhatt","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70115","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70115","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>India's workforce at the human–animal interface represents one of the world's largest occupationally-exposed populations, yet operates without enforceable biological hazard protections. A statutory analysis of India's consolidated labor codes identifies a critical <i>compensation–prevention disconnect</i>: zoonotic diseases are recognized as compensable conditions under the Code on Social Security (2020), while the industries generating these exposures are excluded from the “hazardous process” classifications of the Occupational Safety, Health and Working Conditions Code (2020) that trigger mandatory prevention. This bifurcation is a product of administrative logic: social insurance scales to the informal economy, while traditional inspection-based compliance does not. The resulting disease burden is quantifiable and specific. Seroprevalence evidence across nine zoonoses confirms sustained, preventable exposure: brucellosis at 15.8% among animal handlers, leptospirosis at 46.3% in high-risk agricultural workers, and avian influenza H9N2 at 6.2% among poultry workers. This workforce represents an unmonitored sentinel population at the human-animal interface—precisely where early signals of zoonotic spillover would appear first and, in the absence of any surveillance mandate, go undetected. Despite these gaps, the existing statutory framework contains the executive authority to resolve the disconnect. Executive notification under the OSH Code can activate employer duties in the formal sector. For the informal majority, constitutional and statutory mandates establish a State duty of care, deliverable through India's digital public infrastructure (DPI) and existing public health financing. This framework offers a replicable model for low- and middle-income countries to convert occupational biosecurity from a compensation liability into a prevention entitlement.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"69 10","pages":"787-802"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148444108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Access to Paid Sick Leave Since the Introduction of Emergency Paid Sick Leave","authors":"Devan Hawkins,&nbsp;Cora Roelofs","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, the federal government required most employers to provide paid sick leave on a temporary basis (through the end of 2020). To evaluate both the impact of this emergency paid sick leave and changes since its expiration, this study examines the annual percentage of workers reporting access to paid sick leave from 2019 to 2023.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We calculated the prevalence of workers reporting access to paid sick leave using data from the National Health Interview Surveys for the years 2019–2023. We also calculated prevalence stratified by demographic and socioeconomic variables.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was a small but statistically significant rise in the percentage of workers reporting access to paid sick leave in 2020 following the introduction of mandated paid sick leave compared to 2019 (2020 = 67.6%, 2019 = 62.0%). Many workers of color and those with less education and lower income did not see substantial increases in paid sick leave access.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Additional efforts at the federal or state levels will be required to expand paid sick leave to workers without it, including those in the construction, services, and retail sectors, part-time workers, those employed by small businesses, and in alternative work arrangements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"69 10","pages":"865-873"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases for Shift Workers in the Prospective Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study","authors":"Katharina Wichert,&nbsp;Sylvia Rabstein,&nbsp;Raimund Erbel,&nbsp;Lewin Eisele,&nbsp;Marina Arendt,&nbsp;Nico Dragano,&nbsp;Karl-Heinz Jöckel,&nbsp;Thomas Behrens","doi":"10.1002/ajim.70114","DOIUrl":"10.1002/ajim.70114","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Shift work can disrupt circadian rhythms and is postulated to play a role in cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the German prospective population-based Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, we analyzed longitudinal associations between shift work and night-shift work with CVD.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CVD was defined as a fatal or non-fatal cardiac or cerebrovascular event or interventional coronary revascularization during an average follow-up of 15 years. Retrospective shift-work information was assessed as binary and as lifetime duration in years. Adjusted log-linear Poisson regression models were applied to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the effect of shift and night-shift work on incident events. Stratified analyses by sex, diurnal preference, and blue-collar status were also performed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Incident CVD was not associated with shift work (<i>N</i> = 3024; shift work for at least 1 year: IRR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.68−1.10; night-shift work for at least 1 year: IRR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.66−1.14). However, we observed sex differences with reduced incidence of CVD for long duration of night-shift work among men (<i>N</i> = 1369 with 380 night-shift workers; model for duration of night-shift work: 1− &lt; 10 years: IRR = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.74−1.57; 10+ years: IRR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.42−0.96). For women, we found slightly elevated IRRs (<i>N</i> = 1438 with 91 night-shift workers; model for duration of night-shift work: 1− &lt; 10 years: IRR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.35−3.50; 10+ years: IRR = 2.05, 95% CI = 0.75−5.61). These estimates were stronger in women that never worked in blue-collar jobs (10+ years night-shift work: IRR = 3.22, 95% CI = 1.17−8.92).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We did not observe consistently increased risks of CVD with shift and night workers. However, stratified analyses pointed toward sex- and job-specific vulnerable subgroups.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7873,"journal":{"name":"American journal of industrial medicine","volume":"69 10","pages":"845-856"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/ajim.70114","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148417942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}