Animal Bioscience最新文献

{"title":"Copra meal in animal nutrition: nutritional constraints, processing strategies, and species-specific utilization.","authors":"Lun Sun, Nittaya Taethaisong, Weerada Meethip, Siwaporn Paengkoum, Pramote Paengkoum","doi":"10.5713/ab.260440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.260440","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Copra meal (CM), a co-product of coconut oil extraction, is a regionally important feed ingredient whose value cannot be judged from crude protein concentration alone. Its nutritional value is affected by drying and oil-extraction conditions, residual lipid content, mannan-rich cell-wall carbohydrates, and the digestive capacity of the target species. This review evaluates CM in poultry, swine, and ruminant diets, with emphasis on nutritional constraints, processing strategies, and species-specific utilization. Copra meal generally provides moderate crude protein, a low lysine-to-crude protein ratio, variable residual oil, and a carbohydrate fraction dominated by β-mannans, including galactomannans. In monogastric animals, these characteristics may restrict nutrient utilization through physical encapsulation of nutrients, limited endogenous hydrolysis of β-mannans, increased digesta viscosity under some dietary conditions, and possible immune recognition of intact mannan structures. Ruminants are usually more tolerant of CM because rumen microorganisms can ferment fibrous substrates and convert part of dietary nitrogen into microbial protein. Nevertheless, residual lipid rich in lauric acid may alter rumen fermentation and methane formation, whereas excessive CM inclusion may reduce intake, fiber digestion, or nitrogen utilization. Processing strategies, including β-mannanase supplementation, pre-feed enzymatic hydrolysis, and solid-state fermentation, may improve nutrient availability and generate potentially functional oligosaccharides, but their effectiveness depends on CM composition and processing conditions and should be verified through digestible nutrient supply or animal performance. Current evidence supports the species-specific use of well-characterized CM products rather than broad replacement of soybean meal or cereal ingredients with CM. Future research should establish processing-based quality standards and clarify digestible amino acid supply, ruminant protein value, and the functional effects of CM-derived products in well-characterized animal trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Longitudinal blood gas profiling reveals relative systemic hypoxia and its consequences for health and production in transition dairy cows.","authors":"Fangchao Wu, Feixiang Fan, Zhiyao Guo, Haoyu Che, Zihai Wei, Hong-Yun Liu, Hui-Zeng Sun, Jian-Xin Liu, Feng-Fei Gu","doi":"10.5713/ab.250687","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.250687","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate whether transition dairy cows experience a negative oxygen balance due to increased metabolic demands postpartum and to assess how this imbalance affects their health and production performance. The goal was to elucidate the longitudinal changes in blood gas parameters and establish links between hypoxic stress and physiological, inflammatory, and productive indicators.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Ninety Holstein cows were monitored from 21 days before to 49 days after calving, with blood gas parameters, plasma biochemical indices, dry matter intake, and milk production being recorded at multiple time points. To assess the impact of hypoxia, cows were further grouped by postpartum hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) levels into high and low hypoxic stress groups for comparative analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>During the transition period, dairy cows exhibited a significant postpartum reduction in arterial and venous hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (HCT), and oxygen concentration, reaching the lowest levels at 21 days after calving, while CO2-related parameters like TCO2, HCO3-, and BEecf increased. Cows with higher HIF-1α levels (HHS group) showed decreased dry matter intake and milk fat concentration, along with higher plasma β-hydroxybutyrate, malondialdehyde, and haptoglobin levels. Furthermore, significant correlations were observed between blood gas indicators and health parameters, including a negative correlation of SAA with Hb and HCT, highlighting the link between impaired oxygen transport and systemic stress responses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Postpartum dairy cows characterized by decreased oxygen delivery (lower Hb and HCT) and increased oxygen consumption (elevated CO2-related parameters), leading to relative metabolic systemic hypoxic stress. This imbalance is associated with liver stress, inflammation, oxidative damage, and reduced feed intake and milk production. These findings underscore the critical need for nutritional and management strategies targeting oxygen availability to support health and productivity during the transition period.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"250687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of tomato pomace silage on feed utilization, health status, milk yield, and composition in dairy cows.","authors":"Nirawan Gunun, Chatchai Kaewpila, Piyawit Kesorn, Thachawech Kimprasit, Metha Wanapat, Anusorn Cherdthong, Chanon Suntara, Waroon Khota, Pongsatorn Gunun","doi":"10.5713/ab.250925","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.250925","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of tomato pomace silage (TPS) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, immune response, milk yield, and composition in dairy cows.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixteen Thai Holstein dairy cows with a mean body weight of 621±20 kg and 240±15 d in milk were randomly assigned to a completely randomized design. The TPS was added at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% dry matter (DM) in a fermented total mixed ration. Each cow was given the diet ad libitum.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The nutrient intake was similar among treatments except for ether extract intake, which increased linearly (p<0.01) with the addition of TPS. The inclusion of TPS at 20% and 30% linearly increased the digestibility of organic matter, crude protein, and ether extract (p≤0.01). The addition of TPS did not affect the blood chemicals or hematology except for monocytes, which increased cubically (p<0.05) when TPS were added. The immune function (IgA, IgM, and IgG) did not change with added TPS. There was no difference in milk yield and milk composition among treatments. Vitamin A and vitamin E in milk marginally elevated (p<0.01) by increasing levels of TPS. The inclusion of TPS increased the oleic acid (C18:1 cis-9), linoleic acid (C18:2 cis-9,12+trans-9,12), and α-linolenic acid (C18:3 cis-9,12,15) in milk (p<0.05). The unsaturated fatty acids and monounsaturated fatty acids in milk increased linearly (p<0.05) in cows fed TPS, but TPS did not impact polyunsaturated fatty acids.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The inclusion of 30% (on a DM basis) of TPS in the diets enhanced the digestibility of nutrients, milk vitamins, and milk fat (unsaturated fatty acids) without affecting the feed intake, blood parameters, or milk yield in late-lactating dairy cows.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"250925"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cellular and molecular characteristics of blastoderm adhesion of the chick embryo.","authors":"Yuna Jo, Ju Hyeon Kim, Hyung Chul Lee","doi":"10.5713/ab.260296","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.260296","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>During early avian development, the blastoderm border must adhere to the vitelline membrane (VM) in order to spread tissue evenly. Classical studies have demonstrated that blastoderm edge tissue possesses intrinsic adhesive properties to the VM; however, the spatial extent, developmental changes, and molecular characteristics of this adherence remain poorly understood. This study aimed to characterize the molecular and functional properties of blastoderm adhesion to the VM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Explant assays were performed using chick embryos at different developmental stages. Tissues were isolated from defined blastoderm regions and cultured on the VM to assess intrinsic regional adhesive properties. Edge-associated gene expression and cytoskeletal organization were analyzed by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Explants derived from blastoderm edge regions adhered to the VM at all the newly generated cut edges. However, the adhesive properties became restricted distally during development, with later-stage explants showing loss of attachment at the proximal regions, indicating that adhesive properties are intrinsic to edge regions of blastoderms and become confined distally during development. In explants, the adhesive area extended beyond the narrow distal edge observed in intact embryos. Moreover, the molecular features of edge cells in intact embryos (e.g., edge-associated gene expression and cytoskeletal enrichment) displayed a regionally biased distribution within the expanded edge of the explants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Blastoderm adhesion to the VM is governed by intrinsic tissue properties that are developmentally regulated and locally specific. Physical attachment to the VM and molecular edge identity are spatially uncoupled, suggesting that epithelial adhesion during early morphogenesis is regulated through coordinated but partially independent molecular and mechanical processes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"260296"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148262832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective and therapeutic efficacy of phytogenic botanical blend and multi-strain probiotic in Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli-challenged broilers.","authors":"Antara Anup Guha, Pratik Hivraj Barsinge, Bhagyalaxmi Chinnavadu Junnuru, Amit Chandrakant Kini","doi":"10.5713/ab.260539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.260539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC)-induced colibacillosis is a challenge in broiler production, necessitating alternatives to antibiotics because of antimicrobial resistance. However, limited information is available on the efficacy of phytogenic botanical blend (PBB). Therefore, the study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a PBB, alone or in combination with a liquid formulation, in broiler chickens under an APEC challenge, in comparison with a multi-strain probiotic (MSP).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 384 one-day-old male \"Vencobb 430Y\" broiler chicks were randomly allocated to eight treatments with four replicates of 12 birds each for 42 days. Treatments included negative and positive controls, PBB supplementation (with or without APEC challenge), PBB combined with liquid supplementation under prophylactic and therapeutic regimens, and MSP-based programs. APEC challenge was induced at 10th days of age (10⁸ CFU/bird). Growth performance parameters, mortality, and EPI were recorded. On day 14 (4 days post-infection), samples were collected for hematological, serum biochemical, and E. coli enumeration analyses, along with lesion scoring of visceral organs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Growth performance parameters were not significantly affected (p > 0.05) by either PBB or MSP supplementation under APEC challenge. Survival improved with PBB, with better outcomes in prophylactic than therapeutic use. Haematology remained unchanged, while serum biochemical markers (AST, ALP, bilirubin, TP) were significantly altered, indicating hepatic involvement, with reduced stress under prophylactic PBB. Birds in the PC+PBB (Ther) group showed 0 abdominal and thoracic lesion score. E. coli counts in fecal content at day 16 were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) in the groups PC+PBB, PC+MSP and PC+PBB (Ther) compared to PC.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Overall, the powder based PBB, particularly when used prophylactically, showed promising potential to mitigate the adverse effects of APEC challenge. However, as most parameters did not reach statistical significance, these findings should be considered supportive rather than definitive.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Techno-functional properties and structural changes of pork myofibrillar protein with faba bean protein isolate at various pH levels.","authors":"Geon Ho Kim, Koo Bok Chin","doi":"10.5713/ab.260446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.260446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study was performed to evaluate the effect of faba bean protein isolate (FBPI) on the techno-functional properties and the structural changes of the pork myofibrillar protein gels (MPGs) under various pH conditions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Control (without FBPI) and FBPI-added treatments with pH adjusted to 6.00, 6.25, or 6.50 were prepared: control groups (C6.00, C6.25, and C6.50) and FBPI-treated groups (F6.00, F6.25, and F6.50), respectively. The experimental analysis included cooking yield, gel strength, protein surface hydrophobicity, sulfhydryl group, electrophoretic protein profile, and microstructure to evaluate the techno-functional properties and structural changes in the protein matrix.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cooking yield and protein surface hydrophobicity increased with pH; values were higher in C6.50 (91.3% and 31.3 μg) than in C6.00 (86.9% and 26.9 μg). Shear stress values remained consistent among FBPI-treated groups, whereas those of the control groups tended to increase with the adjusted pH level. Electrophoretic protein profiles revealed two distinct bands at 42 and 50 kDa in FBPI-added treatments, which were absent in the control groups; the intensity of these bands increased with the pH level. The F6.50 group presented a more compact three-dimensional protein network, and the increased intensities of the 42-50 kDa bands, corresponding to 7S and 11S globulins, correlated with the structural compaction of the gel matrix.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>FBPI improved the techno-functional properties of MPGs, regardless of the adjusted pH levels. In addition, the incorporation of FBPI into MPG was associated with pH-dependent structural changes in the protein and gel network, as observed by the protein profile and microstructure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of a milk yield-based indexing framework for mastitis monitoring in dairy cows.","authors":"Jae-Woo Song, Woo-Kyung Lee, Hyunjin Cho, Mingyung Lee, Seung-Hyun Lee, Seongwon Seo, Wang-Hee Lee","doi":"10.5713/ab.260447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.260447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Mastitis is a major disease affecting dairy cows that requires timely detection to enable effective management and reduce substantial economic losses. In this study, we developed a practical mastitis monitoring framework based exclusively on daily milk yield, a routinely collected and noninvasive variable readily available from automated milk-recording systems.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Daily milk yield records (n = 121,692) from 555 Holstein cows on four Korean dairy farms were analyzed. Lactations were reconstructed, and mastitis datasets were matched 1:1 with non-mastitis controls by farm, date, and days in milk. After completeness screening, 63 matched pairs were divided into development (44 pairs) and test datasets (19 pairs). Expected yield was estimated using exponential smoothing and a modified Wilmink equation. The index combined milk yield reduction, a day-specific 90% lower prediction threshold, and consecutive negative deviations. Index changes were compared across 7-, 9-, and 11-day intervals, and alert rules based on index level, relative decline, or both were optimized in the development dataset and evaluated in the test dataset.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In mastitis datasets, mean index scores progressively decreased from the pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis intervals across all window sizes, with significant differences among all three intervals (p<0.05). No significant interval-dependent differences were observed in matched non-mastitis datasets. In the development dataset, the highest F1-score was 0.800 at day +7 using a 3-day evaluation window and a 5% relative-decline rule. In the test dataset, the highest and most balanced performance was observed from days +4 to +6, with accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-score all reaching 0.790.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Sustained deviations from expected daily milk production patterns can be converted into an interpretable alert signal for mastitis-associated changes. The proposed framework may support practical and noninvasive identification of cows requiring closer observation or confirmatory testing without additional sensors or invasive sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148886292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of dietary glycerol monodecanoate supplementation on inflammation, oxidative stress, ghrelin acylation, and gastrointestinal transcriptome in Yanbian cattle fed a high-concentrate diet.","authors":"Xin Feng, Xinyu Liu, Shibin Fang, Yutong Liu, Xiaoxue Yang, Lingzhu Lin, Yun Dai, Tianyu Dong, Xin Du, Jiaming Luan, Chunyin Geng","doi":"10.5713/ab.251032","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.251032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of dietary glycerol monodecanoate (GMD) supplementation on gastrointestinal inflammation and oxidative stress in Yanbian cattle fed a high-concentrate diet.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thirty Yanbian cattle were randomly assigned to two groups: a control group (CON) fed a basal high-concentrate diet, and a treatment group (C10) fed the same basal diet supplemented with 60 g/cattle/day GMD. After a 10-day adaptation period, the experiment lasted 90 days. Collected samples (serum, rumen epithelium, abomasum, ileal mucosa) were analyzed for the following: gastrointestinal morphology (rumen and ileum); inflammatory, antioxidant, and oxidative stress indices (serum, rumen, and ileum); ghrelinrelated indices (serum and abomasum); and host transcriptomes (rumen and ileum).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GMD supplementation significantly reduced the levels of tumor necrosis factor‑α and interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β) in serum and rumen, as well as IL‑1β in the ileum. It also lowered oxidative stress, as indicated by lower reactive oxygen species in serum, rumen, and ileum. Concurrently, GMD increased antioxidant capacity by increasing levels of reduced glutathione and antioxidant enzymes. Beneficial trends in gastrointestinal morphology were noted in the C10 group, including increased ruminal papillae height and a higher ileal villus height-to-crypt depth ratio. Furthermore, the C10 group exhibited enhanced ghrelin acylation, with increased total ghrelin, acylated ghrelin and ghrelin O‑acyltransferase activity in both serum and abomasum. Transcriptomic analysis of the C10 group compared to the CON group revealed tissue-specific protective mechanisms: in the rumen epithelium, pro‑inflammatory pathways including NF‑κB signaling were significantly suppressed, accompanied by down‑regulation of genes such as IL1B and CXCL2, whereas the ileal mucosal response was dominated by marked up‑regulation of GSTA1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GMD supplementation can reduce inflammation and oxidative stress in Yanbian cattle fed a high-concentrate diet. These effects may involve activation of ghrelin acylation and tissue-specific modulation of transcriptional programs in the rumen and ileum.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"251032"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lysophosphatidic acid-mediated enhancement of porcine oocyte chemical enucleation for somatic cell nuclear transfer.","authors":"Chi-Hong Wong, Shu-Ping Chang, Shu-Hui Peng, Jyh-Cherng Ju, Yu-Ten Ju, Pin-Chi Tang, San-Yuan Huang, Ching-Fu Tu","doi":"10.5713/ab.260269","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.260269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Protocols for somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) remain technically challenging and inefficient. Demecolcine and nocodazole (Noc) have been used for chemically assisted enucleation to improve cloning efficiency; however, the procedure continues to be labor-intensive. This study aimed to use lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to enhance Noc-mediated chemical enucleation (CE), thereby simplifying the SCNT procedure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Porcine MII oocytes were subject to CE by incubation with Noc and various concentrations of LPA for 1 h. Actin signals were evaluated to determine the optimal LPA. After treatment with Noc and 25 μM LPA for 1 h, spindle reformation was assayed following subsequent washout. Noc/LPA CE-treated oocytes were used for SCNT via direct microinjection of donor cells into the ooplasm. Reconstructed embryos were recovered for 2 h in PZM-5 prior to activation with ionomycin and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethylenediamine. Activated reconstructed embryos were cultured in 6-DMAP for 4 h, then in chaetocin for an additional 20-24 h to promote demethylation and acetylation. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were evaluated on Day 2 and Day 6, respectively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The culture of the matured oocytes in Noc/LPA for 1 h, the percentage of oocytes exhibiting actin signals increased significantly from 12.5% to 87.6% with the addition of 25 μM LPA. Although spindles reformed in 59.0% of oocytes 1 h after Noc/LPA washout, 83.9% of oocytes retained spindles enclosed by actin rings; enabling the direct microinjection of donor cells into the ooplasm within 30 min. Blastocyst development rates currently vary from 9.5% to 16.6% after 6 days of culture in PZM-5.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Although the blastocyst rate requires further improvement, we have shown that enucleation of MII pig oocytes can be successfully achieved via Noc/LPA treatment. This protocol simplifies the SCNT procedure while ensuring consistent blastocyst development in pig in vitro maturation oocytes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"260269"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148142390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Na+/K+-ATPase: expression and regulation at the maternal-fetal interface during pregnancy in pigs.","authors":"Yohan Choi, Eunhyeok Choi, Heewon Seo, Seonghyun Kim, Yugyeong Cheon, Soohyung Lee, Inkyu Yoo, Hakhyun Ka","doi":"10.5713/ab.260474","DOIUrl":"10.5713/ab.260474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The establishment and maintenance of pregnancy require well-coordinated interactions between the endometrium and the conceptus involving cellular and secretory components. Na+/K+-ATPase, composed of alpha, beta, and Phe-X-Tyr-Asp (FXYD) subunits, plays important roles in maintaining Na+/K+ flux and mediating nutrient transport in the cell. Although the importance of Na+/K+-ATPase during pregnancy has been shown in some species, the expression, regulation, and function of Na+/K+-ATPase subunits at the maternal-conceptus interface remains poorly understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We obtained endometrial tissues during the estrous cycle and pregnancy, conceptus tissues during early pregnancy, and chorioallantoic tissues from mid to late pregnancy, and analyzed the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase subunits in pigs. The effects of steroid hormones, cytokines, and A23187, a calcium ionophore, on the expression of Na+/K+-ATPase subunits were examined in endometrial explant cultures.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several Na+/K+-ATPase subunits in the endometrium changed dynamically during pregnancy, with some subunits having higher expression during early pregnancy than during the estrous cycle. Endometrial and chorionic epithelial cells were the primary sites of expression for Na+/K+-ATPase subunits. Conceptus-derived estrogen, interleukin-1β and/or interferon-γ, as well as A23187 all increased the expression of many subunits. Na+/K+-ATPase subunits were also expressed in conceptuses during early pregnancy and in chorioallantoic tissues between mid to term pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Na+/K+-ATPase subunits expressed in endometrial, conceptus, and chorioallantoic tissues may play important roles in maintaining membrane potential and modulating nutrient transport in endometrial and conceptus tissues to ensure the successful establishment and maintenance of pregnancy in pigs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":"260474"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148618128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}