Dietary energy improves Holstein heifer conception through rumen microbiota interactionsfers during initial breeding.

IF 2.4 2区农林科学 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE

Animal Bioscience Pub Date : 2025-07-11 DOI:10.5713/ab.25.0141

Xusheng Hao, Taiping Wu, Xia Li, Qiuyue He, Yulong Qin, Nan Zhang, Haotian Yu, Yujun Jiang, Feng Gao

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Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to elucidate how graded dietary energy levels regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in Holstein heifers during initial breeding, with a focus on rumen microbiota-host interactions.

Methods: Forty-four pubertal heifers (398.96 ± 6.56 kg BW; 12.72 ± 0.02 months) were stratified by body condition score (BCS) and estrous cyclicity, then randomly allocated to control (CON, 8.64 MJ/kg DM NEL) or high-energy (HE, 9.50 MJ/kg DM NEL) diets (n = 22/group). Although practical constraints limited pen replication, we implemented rigorous matching procedures: Pens were matched for surface area (120 m²), feed bunk space (0.8 m/head) and growth performance, serum biochemical/immune/antioxidant markers, reproductive hormones, rumen fermentation parameters, microbiota, and metabolome profiles were analyzed.

Results: Results The HE group exhibited elevated gonadotropins (FSH, LH) and prolactin (PRL), indicating enhanced hypothalamic-pituitary activity. Serum triglycerides increased, while immune markers showed the altered state of immunoregulation characterized by significant increases in IL-2 and IL-6, reductions in IL-4, and decreases in TNF-α and IFN-γ. Antioxidant capacity improved with lower MDA levels. Rumen pH decreased, accompanied by elevated total VFA, bacterial crude protein(BCP), acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid concentrations. Microbial shifts included Treponema and Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 showing positive correlations with PRL and LH, while Ruminococcus was associated with acetyl-CoA precursors through enriched pyruvate metabolism.

Conclusion: High-energy diets (9.50 MJ/kg NEL) enhance hypothalamic-pituitary signaling and rumen fermentation efficiency, advancing first-service conception rates by 15% (55% vs. 70%) in pasture-based systems. This strategy optimizes reproductive management in intensive dairy operations through microbiota-driven metabolic modulation.

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饲粮能量通过初期繁殖期间瘤胃微生物群的相互作用提高荷斯坦小母牛的受胎率。

目的：本研究旨在阐明饲粮能量水平分级如何调节初育期荷斯坦母牛的下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴，并重点研究瘤胃微生物群-宿主的相互作用。方法：44头青春期小母牛(398.96±6.56 kg BW；按体况评分（BCS）和发情周期进行分层，随机分为对照组（CON, 8.64 MJ/kg DM NEL）和高能组（HE, 9.50 MJ/kg DM NEL）（n = 22/组）。尽管实际条件限制了猪圈复制，但我们执行了严格的匹配程序：猪圈的表面积（120 m²）、饲料双层空间（0.8 m/头）和生长性能、血清生化/免疫/抗氧化标志物、生殖激素、瘤胃发酵参数、微生物群和代谢组谱进行了匹配。结果HE组促性腺激素（FSH、LH）和催乳素（PRL）升高，提示下丘脑-垂体活性增强。血清甘油三酯升高，而免疫标志物显示免疫调节状态改变，其特征是IL-2和IL-6显著升高，IL-4降低，TNF-α和IFN-γ降低。抗氧化能力随着MDA水平的降低而提高。瘤胃pH降低，总VFA、细菌粗蛋白（BCP）、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸和戊酸浓度升高。微生物转移包括密螺旋体（Treponema）和Prevotellaceae_UCG_003，它们与PRL和LH呈正相关，而Ruminococcus通过丰富的丙酮酸代谢与乙酰辅酶a前体相关。结论：高能量日粮（9.50 MJ/kg NEL）可提高下丘脑-垂体信号传导和瘤胃发酵效率，使牧场系统的首次受胎率提高15%（55%对70%）。该策略通过微生物群驱动的代谢调节，优化了集约化乳品经营中的生殖管理。

本文章由计算机程序翻译，如有差异，请以英文原文为准。

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