{"title":"饲粮能量通过初期繁殖期间瘤胃微生物群的相互作用提高荷斯坦小母牛的受胎率。","authors":"Xusheng Hao, Taiping Wu, Xia Li, Qiuyue He, Yulong Qin, Nan Zhang, Haotian Yu, Yujun Jiang, Feng Gao","doi":"10.5713/ab.25.0141","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate how graded dietary energy levels regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in Holstein heifers during initial breeding, with a focus on rumen microbiota-host interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-four pubertal heifers (398.96 ± 6.56 kg BW; 12.72 ± 0.02 months) were stratified by body condition score (BCS) and estrous cyclicity, then randomly allocated to control (CON, 8.64 MJ/kg DM NEL) or high-energy (HE, 9.50 MJ/kg DM NEL) diets (n = 22/group). Although practical constraints limited pen replication, we implemented rigorous matching procedures: Pens were matched for surface area (120 m²), feed bunk space (0.8 m/head) and growth performance, serum biochemical/immune/antioxidant markers, reproductive hormones, rumen fermentation parameters, microbiota, and metabolome profiles were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results The HE group exhibited elevated gonadotropins (FSH, LH) and prolactin (PRL), indicating enhanced hypothalamic-pituitary activity. Serum triglycerides increased, while immune markers showed the altered state of immunoregulation characterized by significant increases in IL-2 and IL-6, reductions in IL-4, and decreases in TNF-α and IFN-γ. Antioxidant capacity improved with lower MDA levels. Rumen pH decreased, accompanied by elevated total VFA, bacterial crude protein(BCP), acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid concentrations. Microbial shifts included Treponema and Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 showing positive correlations with PRL and LH, while Ruminococcus was associated with acetyl-CoA precursors through enriched pyruvate metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-energy diets (9.50 MJ/kg NEL) enhance hypothalamic-pituitary signaling and rumen fermentation efficiency, advancing first-service conception rates by 15% (55% vs. 70%) in pasture-based systems. This strategy optimizes reproductive management in intensive dairy operations through microbiota-driven metabolic modulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":7825,"journal":{"name":"Animal Bioscience","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Dietary energy improves Holstein heifer conception through rumen microbiota interactionsfers during initial breeding.\",\"authors\":\"Xusheng Hao, Taiping Wu, Xia Li, Qiuyue He, Yulong Qin, Nan Zhang, Haotian Yu, Yujun Jiang, Feng Gao\",\"doi\":\"10.5713/ab.25.0141\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to elucidate how graded dietary energy levels regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in Holstein heifers during initial breeding, with a focus on rumen microbiota-host interactions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-four pubertal heifers (398.96 ± 6.56 kg BW; 12.72 ± 0.02 months) were stratified by body condition score (BCS) and estrous cyclicity, then randomly allocated to control (CON, 8.64 MJ/kg DM NEL) or high-energy (HE, 9.50 MJ/kg DM NEL) diets (n = 22/group). Although practical constraints limited pen replication, we implemented rigorous matching procedures: Pens were matched for surface area (120 m²), feed bunk space (0.8 m/head) and growth performance, serum biochemical/immune/antioxidant markers, reproductive hormones, rumen fermentation parameters, microbiota, and metabolome profiles were analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results The HE group exhibited elevated gonadotropins (FSH, LH) and prolactin (PRL), indicating enhanced hypothalamic-pituitary activity. Serum triglycerides increased, while immune markers showed the altered state of immunoregulation characterized by significant increases in IL-2 and IL-6, reductions in IL-4, and decreases in TNF-α and IFN-γ. Antioxidant capacity improved with lower MDA levels. Rumen pH decreased, accompanied by elevated total VFA, bacterial crude protein(BCP), acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid concentrations. Microbial shifts included Treponema and Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 showing positive correlations with PRL and LH, while Ruminococcus was associated with acetyl-CoA precursors through enriched pyruvate metabolism.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>High-energy diets (9.50 MJ/kg NEL) enhance hypothalamic-pituitary signaling and rumen fermentation efficiency, advancing first-service conception rates by 15% (55% vs. 70%) in pasture-based systems. This strategy optimizes reproductive management in intensive dairy operations through microbiota-driven metabolic modulation.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":7825,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Animal Bioscience\",\"volume\":\" \",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.4000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-11\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Animal Bioscience\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"97\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0141\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"农林科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Animal Bioscience","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.25.0141","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE","Score":null,"Total":0}
Dietary energy improves Holstein heifer conception through rumen microbiota interactionsfers during initial breeding.
Objective: This study aimed to elucidate how graded dietary energy levels regulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in Holstein heifers during initial breeding, with a focus on rumen microbiota-host interactions.
Methods: Forty-four pubertal heifers (398.96 ± 6.56 kg BW; 12.72 ± 0.02 months) were stratified by body condition score (BCS) and estrous cyclicity, then randomly allocated to control (CON, 8.64 MJ/kg DM NEL) or high-energy (HE, 9.50 MJ/kg DM NEL) diets (n = 22/group). Although practical constraints limited pen replication, we implemented rigorous matching procedures: Pens were matched for surface area (120 m²), feed bunk space (0.8 m/head) and growth performance, serum biochemical/immune/antioxidant markers, reproductive hormones, rumen fermentation parameters, microbiota, and metabolome profiles were analyzed.
Results: Results The HE group exhibited elevated gonadotropins (FSH, LH) and prolactin (PRL), indicating enhanced hypothalamic-pituitary activity. Serum triglycerides increased, while immune markers showed the altered state of immunoregulation characterized by significant increases in IL-2 and IL-6, reductions in IL-4, and decreases in TNF-α and IFN-γ. Antioxidant capacity improved with lower MDA levels. Rumen pH decreased, accompanied by elevated total VFA, bacterial crude protein(BCP), acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and valeric acid concentrations. Microbial shifts included Treponema and Prevotellaceae_UCG_003 showing positive correlations with PRL and LH, while Ruminococcus was associated with acetyl-CoA precursors through enriched pyruvate metabolism.
Conclusion: High-energy diets (9.50 MJ/kg NEL) enhance hypothalamic-pituitary signaling and rumen fermentation efficiency, advancing first-service conception rates by 15% (55% vs. 70%) in pasture-based systems. This strategy optimizes reproductive management in intensive dairy operations through microbiota-driven metabolic modulation.
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