Amino Acids最新文献

{"title":"Taurine reduces intracellular glucose accumulation in fructose-treated Caenorhabditis elegans","authors":"Joelma Capungo Machado,&nbsp;Bruno Ayala Vidal,&nbsp;Bruna Haendchen Sant’Ana,&nbsp;Gabriel Pedroso Viçozzi,&nbsp;Flávia Suelen de Oliveira Pereira,&nbsp;Ana Olivia Laurentino,&nbsp;Jaqueline Nascimento Picada,&nbsp;Mirna Bainy Leal,&nbsp;Solange Cristina Garcia,&nbsp;Rosane Gomez","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03529-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03529-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Regulation of glucose homeostasis is a central feature of antidiabetic drugs such as metformin. However, a subset of individuals exhibited limited therapeutic response, highlighting the need for complementary treatment strategies. Taurine, a semi-essential amino acid, has been reported to improve glycemic control in mammalian models, supporting its potential as an adjuvant therapy for metabolic disorders. In this study, we established a fructose-induced metabolic dysfunction model in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (<i>C. elegans)</i>, characterized by increased intracellular glucose accumulation, and evaluated the effects of taurine. A metabolic dysfunction state was induced in L1-stage N2 Bristol worms by exposing them to 500 mM fructose for 48 h. Metformin (25, 50, and 100 µM) was initially used to establish an effective pharmacological control, and the optimal dose (50 µM) was subsequently employed as a positive control to assess the effects of taurine (10, 50, and 100 µM) under fructose-induced conditions. Fructose exposure significantly increased intracellular glucose levels. Metformin reduced intracellular glucose at all concentrations tested and improved survival at the lowest dose, without affecting morphological parameters. Taurine reduced intracellular glucose accumulation only at the highest concentration tested (100 µM), whereas lower concentrations selectively increased survival, indicating dose-dependent and functionally distinct effects on glucose regulation and organismal viability. These findings show that taurine modulates intracellular glucose accumulation and survival in fructose-treated <i>C. elegans</i>. Given the evolutionary conservation of key pathways involved in glucose metabolism, this model provides a simple and reproducible platform to investigate mechanisms of glucose dysregulation and to screen compounds with potential metabolic or antidiabetic activity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13451486/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148136548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational identification and characterization of noncoding RNA-encoded peptides: tools, databases, and in silico strategies","authors":"Nidhi Shenoy,&nbsp;Atharva Karkare,&nbsp;Varsha Gangadhar,&nbsp;Shashank Rao Padubidri,&nbsp;Sowndarya Rao,&nbsp;Leona Alison Dsouza,&nbsp;Manjunath B. Joshi,&nbsp;Rama Rao Damerla,&nbsp;Neha S. Gandhi,&nbsp;Sandeep Mallya","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03531-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03531-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Once dismissed as transcriptional artifacts, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have gained recognition in recent years for their ability to participate in gene regulation, as well as their ability to encode functional molecules referred to as ncRNA-encoded peptides (ncPEPs). The discovery of ncPEPs has opened new avenues in proteomics and genomics research, revealing biological mechanisms that were previously unexplored. This review presents an extensive overview of the computational tools, databases, and in silico strategies used to identify ncRNA-encoded peptides across all major ncRNA classes, including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), and primary microRNAs (pri-miRNAs). Furthermore, we outline publicly available databases that compile experimentally validated and computationally predicted ncPEPs across multiple species, enabling systematic annotation and cross-referencing of candidate peptides. By highlighting the current challenges and emerging methodologies, we emphasize how computational methods continue to advance our ability to uncover hidden functional peptides within the noncoding transcriptome. These developments provide a framework for validating ncPEPs and elucidating their biological significance across diverse systems.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13384994/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147986327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methionine concentration regulates LSD1 acetylation in glioma cells","authors":"Jie Chang,&nbsp;Lude Wang,&nbsp;Yi Pan,&nbsp;Qiuwen Lou,&nbsp;Wenxia Xu","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03527-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03527-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Glioma is a highly aggressive brain cancer with poor prognosis, characterized by vigorous methionine metabolism. While methionine restriction demonstrates broad anticancer effects, its mechanistic relationship with epigenetic regulators in glioma remains inadequately understood. This study reveals the molecular mechanism by which methionine restriction (0.1 mM) modulates the epigenetic regulator LSD1. Restricting methionine to 0.1 mM induced site-specific acetylation at LSD1 lysine residues K6 and K359, promoting its ubiquitin-proteasome-dependent degradation independently of transcriptional alterations. Multi-omics analysis revealed that LSD1 inhibition induced dual reprogramming: transcriptomic activation of the p38MAPK and ubiquitin-proteasome pathways, coupled with metabolomic suppression of the TCA cycle with accumulation of L-proline and other amino acid metabolites. The HDAC inhibitor TSA synergized with methionine restriction to enhance LSD1 acetylation and degradation, whereas K6R/K359R mutations stabilized LSD1, confirming the role of acetylation in proteasomal targeting. Functional validation via colony formation identified LSD1 as a key mediator of methionine restriction; LSD1 knockdown mimicked the growth inhibition of methionine starvation, while its overexpression partially restored proliferation. Collectively, these results establish the methionine-LSD1 axis as a crucial nutrient-sensing mechanism that drives glioma adaptation via epigenetic-metabolic crosstalk. This highlights potential combinatorial therapeutic strategies involving dietary methionine limitation and LSD1 acetylation-targeted therapy to disrupt tumor survival pathways.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03527-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147969753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficient acrylamide adduct formation suggests dual applications of ReAIV L-asparaginase","authors":"Joanna Sliwiak,&nbsp;Marta Grzechowiak,&nbsp;Paulina Worsztynowicz,&nbsp;Kinga Pokrywka,&nbsp;Miłosz Ruszkowski,&nbsp;Miroslaw Gilski,&nbsp;Mariusz Jaskolski","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03525-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03525-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) studies of the enzyme kinetics and substrate specificity of <i>Rhizobium etli</i> Class 3 L-asparaginases, ReAIV (constitutive) and ReAV (inducible), showed that despite highly conserved catalytic site, the two isoforms differ significantly in thermostability, zinc affinity, and biochemical properties. As part of a wider investigation of potential non-natural substrates, acrylamide was tested, revealing a pronounced heat effect with ReAIV but none with ReAV. Crystallographic analysis showed the formation of a Michael adduct between acrylamide and a surface-exposed cysteine 183 in ReAIV, while the catalytic activity toward L-asparagine hydrolysis remained unaffected. These findings highlight the unique and multimodal reactivity of ReAIV, suggesting its potential dual application in the food industry: in selective removal of L-asparagine and in covalent sequestration of acrylamide under mild conditions. The acrylamide modification improved crystal morphology of ReAIV, offering practical advantages for structural studies. Additionally, a covalent modification of the catalytic Ser47 residue was observed in the presented crystal structure. Based on <i>B</i>-factor analysis, literature data, and detection of borate contamination in the laboratory water, this modification was interpreted as an orthoborate ester.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13451416/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of total and free amino acid compositions of fishery byproducts from three commonly consumed fish species in South Korea","authors":"Jeonghoon Han,&nbsp;Ji-Yeon Hyeon,&nbsp;Yeon-Ju Lee,&nbsp;Han-Jun Kim,&nbsp;Eunseong Lee,&nbsp;Young-Ung Choi","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03526-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03526-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Largehead hairtail (<i>Trichiurus japonicus</i>), kwangtung skate (<i>Dipturus kwangtungensis</i>), and mottled skate (<i>Raja pulchra</i>) are the most popular aquatic products in Korea. In the present study, total and free amino acid analyses were performed to confirm the usability of byproducts from largehead hairtail (head and fins) and skates (skin and liver). Amino acid contents were determined using specific methods and high-performance liquid chromatography. Notably, 18 types of total amino acids and 19 free amino acids were identified in the byproducts of largehead hairtail, kwangtung skate, and mottled skate. Among the amino acids, the total amino acids glycine and glutamate/glutamine and the free amino acids leucine, alanine, and glycine exhibited the highest contents in the byproducts of the three species, indicating that the byproducts contained high-quality proteins. Conclusively, these results suggest that the byproducts are potential materials for producing nutritious foods, protein supplements, cosmetics, functional materials, and nutraceuticals. Overall, these data indicate that fishery byproducts can be used as recyclable resources.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03526-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147863329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PCLPred: identifying plant chloride transport-related proteins using reduced amino acid alphabets and N-peptide composition","authors":"Ge Bai,&nbsp;Lijia Liu,&nbsp;Hui Zhang,&nbsp;Ruimei Geng,&nbsp;Yong Li,&nbsp;Dahai Yang,&nbsp;Mingliang Fei,&nbsp;Tao Pang,&nbsp;Hao Wang,&nbsp;Aiguo Yang,&nbsp;He Xie,&nbsp;Hao Eang","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03523-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03523-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Chloride transport-related proteins play critical roles in coordinating ion cycling, maintaining cellular homeostasis, and enabling plants to dynamically adapt to environmental changes, particularly under salt stress conditions. Given the rapid accumulation of protein sequence data, the experimental identification of proteins is time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, efficient computational methods are urgently needed as a practical supplement to experimental research. Here, we present PCLPred, an SVM-based predictor that integrates reduced amino acid alphabets with N-peptide composition to represent protein sequences. We systematically evaluated 673 reduction schemes and selected an optimal encoding strategy for model training. PCLPred demonstrated superior performance compared to baseline models, achieving an overall accuracy of 95.10% and an AUC of 0.981 in nested cross-validation. Altogether, PCLPred provides an efficient and reliable tool for high-throughput screening of candidate plant chloride transport-related proteins, facilitating functional annotation and experimental validation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03523-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting the amino acid metabolic axis: the Achilles’ heel of tumor cells","authors":"Zheyu Hu,&nbsp;Yiwei Wang,&nbsp;Qian Ma","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03522-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03522-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cancer is characterized by profound reprogramming of its metabolic programs, with the unending demand for exogenous amino acids by tumor cells serving as a hallmark manifestation. While this high dependency supports rapid proliferation, it exposes a critical vulnerability: disruption of amino acid supply can specifically trigger metabolic catastrophe in cancer cells. Furthermore, tumor cells exploit this metabolic reprogramming to deplete key amino acids in the microenvironment, thereby suppressing T-cell function and facilitating immune evasion. This review systematically elucidates therapeutic strategies targeting four critical amino acid metabolic axes (glutamine, arginine, tryptophan, and methionine). We delve into how inhibition of glutamine metabolism disrupts tumor bioenergetics, how arginine deprivation selectively targets cells with synthetic defects, and how methionine restriction interferes with key epigenetic regulation. Additionally, we explore interventions for these four amino acid metabolic axes to reverse immunosuppression. Convincing preclinical and clinical evidence demonstrates that these strategies, whether as monotherapy or rational combinations with conventional treatments, exhibit significant antitumor efficacy and substantial clinical translation potential. By integrating metabolic and immunological perspectives and critically assessing translational challenges, this review aims to provide a roadmap for future development of precision combination strategies capable of overcoming drug resistance and reshaping the immune microenvironment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03522-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147715616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Maternal dietary citrulline supplementation increases fetal growth and programs pancreatic development in the lambs","authors":"Alissa B. Herring,&nbsp;Kyle S. Herron,&nbsp;London G. Lemcke,&nbsp;Gregory A. Johnson,&nbsp;M. Carey Satterfield","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03520-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03520-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), caused by maternal undernutrition, impairs fetal growth and increases the risk for postnatal metabolic dysfunction. L-arginine can mitigate these effects; however, its use in sheep is limited by ruminal microbial degradation. Interestingly, L-citrulline, the precursor for arginine synthesis, bypasses ruminal catabolism and may be a practical alternative. This study evaluated if maternal L-citrulline supplementation to nutrient restricted ewes from gestational days (GD) 28 to 140 (term = 147) enhances fetal growth in lambs. Gestating ewes were fed 50% of National Research Council (NRC) nutritional recommendations to induce IUGR and received either L-citrulline (0.40% of diet) or an isonitrogenous alanine control (0.61% of diet). Birth weight and pre-suckling blood samples were collected, and lambs remained with dams until postnatal day 60 (PND60) (citrulline: <i>n</i> = 13; alanine: <i>n</i> = 10). Lambs from L-citrulline treated ewes were heavier at birth (<i>P</i> = 0.05) and PND60 (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05), with greater (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) absolute weights of the pancreas, brain, liver, and small intestine. Pancreatic mass per gram of body weight was greater (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in citrulline lambs. The relative proportion of endocrine and exocrine pancreas were not different between treatments. Circulating insulin concentrations were greater (<i>P</i> = 0.05) at birth and circulating glucose concentrations were increased (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) in the citrulline lambs on PND60. These results suggest that maternal L-citrulline supplementation is a viable alternative to arginine for improving fetal growth during maternal malnutrition, with benefits persisting through weaning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03520-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Revisiting the antizyme 1 – ODC interaction reveals low-nanomolar affinity","authors":"Grzegorz P. Bereta,&nbsp;Elżbieta Wątor-Wilk,&nbsp;Paweł Kochanowski,&nbsp;Jakub Nowak,&nbsp;Tomasz Kantyka,&nbsp;Przemysław Grudnik","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03519-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03519-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in polyamine biosynthesis and is one of the shortest-lived mammalian proteins. Its activity and proteasomal degradation are controlled by antizyme (AZ), which disrupts the active ODC homodimer and exposes proteasome-interacting surfaces. Disturbance of the polyamine biosynthesis pathway and their overproduction is associated with multiple diseases, including cancers. We employed activity assays and direct interaction analysis methods to quantify ODC-AZ interaction. Fluorometric activity assay, surface plasmon resonance, microscale thermophoresis and spectral shift assays allowed consistent determination of AZ-ODC binding with previously unavailable sensitivity. Contrary to former studies of this interaction, we show that binding of AZ to ODC occurs with a single-digit nanomolar affinity. Collectively, our orthogonal assays converge on a low-nanomolar interaction (apparent K_D 1–4 nM in solution), affinity substantially stronger than previous estimates in the 200–700 nM range. Our results provide new insight into the functioning of the ODC regulatory network, which affects the downstream polyamine synthesis pathway. Such sensitive tools are needed for screening compound libraries and characterizing promising candidates that could affect ODC activity and consequently, polyamine levels.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03519-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reprogramming of nitrogen metabolism in tumors: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","authors":"Jiaqi Fang,&nbsp;Jing Ling,&nbsp;Xinyue Liu,&nbsp;Yanbin Wang,&nbsp;Yongbiao Huang,&nbsp;Zhe Cao,&nbsp;Yanmei Zou,&nbsp;Hua Xiong","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03517-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03517-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nitrogen metabolism plays a key role in maintaining normal physiological functions of the organism and cell proliferation and differentiation. Nitrogen metabolism in normal human body maintains a dynamic balance to meet the body’s demand for synthesis of biological macromolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, in the process of tumor development, the nitrogen metabolism of tumor cells is reprogrammed to meet the demand of rapid proliferation, showing significantly different metabolic characteristics from normal cells. Key enzymes in the tumor microenvironment affect nitrogen metabolism through multiple mechanisms, providing essential nitrogen sources and energy for tumor cells. In-depth exploration of the regulatory mechanisms of tumor nitrogen metabolism not only helps to reveal the molecular basis of tumor development, but also provides a theoretical basis for the development of new tumor therapeutic strategies. In this paper, the relationship between nitrogen metabolism and tumors is systematically elaborated from the characteristics of nitrogen metabolism in normal people, the reprogramming of nitrogen metabolism in tumor patients, the influence of key enzymes on nitrogen metabolism in the tumor microenvironment, as well as the mechanism of tumor nitrogen metabolism regulation, etc., so as to provide references for the related research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03517-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}