Amino AcidsPub Date : 2026-10-09DOI: 10.1007/s00726-026-03563-9
Piera Torricelli, Francesco Antonelli, Pasquale Ferorelli, Ilaria Borromeo, Anna Shevchenko, Stefano Lenzi, Angelo De Martino
{"title":"Retraction Note: Oral nutritional supplement prevents weight loss and reduces side effects in patients in advanced lung cancer chemotherapy","authors":"Piera Torricelli, Francesco Antonelli, Pasquale Ferorelli, Ilaria Borromeo, Anna Shevchenko, Stefano Lenzi, Angelo De Martino","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03563-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03563-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03563-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149133004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amino AcidsPub Date : 2026-10-07Epub Date: 2026-10-12DOI: 10.1007/s00726-026-03558-6
Lala A. Stepanyan, Sona Gevorgyan, Karapet R. Ghazaryan, Ela V. Minasyan, Avetis H. Tsaturyan, Anna F. Mkrtchyan, Ashot S. Saghyan
{"title":"Asymmetric synthesis and antifungal evaluation of arylalkylamine-functionalized β-substituted (s)-α-alanine analogues","authors":"Lala A. Stepanyan, Sona Gevorgyan, Karapet R. Ghazaryan, Ela V. Minasyan, Avetis H. Tsaturyan, Anna F. Mkrtchyan, Ashot S. Saghyan","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03558-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03558-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In the present study, a series of novel arylalkylamine-containing unnatural α-amino acids were synthesized through the stereoselective nucleophilic addition of benzylamine derivatives to a chiral Ni(II) complex of dehydroalanine derived from the (S)-BPB auxiliary. The reactions proceeded with high diastereoselectivity (92–95% de) and afforded the corresponding α-amino acids in moderate to good yields with high enantiomeric purity (57–98% ee). The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antifungal activity against Aspergillus species, including <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, and <i>Aspergillus candidus</i>. All tested compounds exhibited dose-dependent antifungal effects, although substantial differences in activity were observed depending on the nature of the arylalkyl substituent. Among the investigated derivatives, compounds <b>4d</b> and <b>4e</b> demonstrated the most pronounced antifungal activity, producing growth inhibition of up to 67.86% and 68.75%, respectively, at the highest tested concentration. Their activity approached that of the reference antifungal drug Fluconazole. These findings identify compounds <b>4d</b> and <b>4e</b> as promising lead structures for the development of novel antifungal agents targeting pathogenic Aspergillus species.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149163952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amino AcidsPub Date : 2026-09-16DOI: 10.1007/s00726-026-03559-5
Hwudaurw Chen, David E Stringer, Haiyan Cui, Eugene W Gerner, Natalia A Ignatenko
{"title":"Difluoromethylornithine modulates mutant K-RAS signaling pathways in pancreatic cancer cells.","authors":"Hwudaurw Chen, David E Stringer, Haiyan Cui, Eugene W Gerner, Natalia A Ignatenko","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03559-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03559-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Oncogenic mutations in the K-RAS small GTPase occur in more than 90% of human PDACs and cause dysregulation of multiple metabolic pathways, including polyamine metabolism. The goal of this study was to determine whether blocking polyamine synthesis with the irreversible inhibitor α-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) provides a valid approach to targeting metabolic dependency in mutant K-RAS pancreatic tumors, compared with direct suppression of the oncogenic K-RAS protein. The anti-tumor activity of DFMO was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in the MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cell line (K-RAS<sup>G12C</sup>) and its isogenic clonally selected line M-27, which does not express a functional GTP-bound RAS protein. MIA PaCa-2 and M-27 cells had comparable intracellular polyamine levels, and DFMO treatment effectively suppressed total polyamine levels in both cell lines (p < 0.01). DFMO reduced the protein levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and RAS-like small GTPase A (RalA) but induced the phosphoinositide 3-phosphate kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway. Additionally, the intracellular levels of K-RAS and hypusinated eukaryotic initiation factor 5 A (eIF5A<sup>Hyp</sup>) proteins were suppressed in DFMO-treated MIA PaCa-2 cells. DFMO therapy regimen (500 mg/kg/day by oral gavage) significantly improved survival rates of SCID mice with orthotopically implanted MIA PaCa-2 cell line (MIA PaCa-2 control vs. MIA PaCa-2 DFMO, p = 0.0184), with median survival time comparable to animals implanted with M-27 cell line (MIA PaCa-2 control vs. M-27 control, p = 0.0204). DFMO treatment did not significantly improve survival of mice bearing M-27 tumors (M-27 control vs. M-27 DFMO, p = 0.6055). These data indicate that DFMO treatment suppresses pancreatic tumorigenesis driven by the mutant K-RAS oncogene similarly to the targeted elimination of the active GTP-bound RAS protein.</p>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13676551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149214984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amino AcidsPub Date : 2026-08-30Epub Date: 2026-09-14DOI: 10.1007/s00726-026-03544-y
Zoya R. Bangash, Hiroyoshi Matsui, Bedri Ranxhi, Sokol V. Todi, Peter A. LeWitt, Wei-Ling Tsou
{"title":"Polyamine metabolic enzyme SAT1 remodels the neuronal transcriptome and rescues α-synuclein toxicity in Drosophila","authors":"Zoya R. Bangash, Hiroyoshi Matsui, Bedri Ranxhi, Sokol V. Todi, Peter A. LeWitt, Wei-Ling Tsou","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03544-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03544-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Polyamine homeostasis is tightly regulated by interconversion and catabolic pathways and has been increasingly implicated in neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), where accumulation of α-synuclein (α-Syn) perturbs neuronal homeostasis. Spermidine/spermine N¹-acetyltransferase 1 (SAT1) occupies a central position in polyamine interconversion, and alterations in SAT1 activity have been linked to α-Syn toxicity and PD-related neuropathology. To investigate how SAT1 activity influences α-Syn-associated neurodegeneration, we employed a <i>Drosophila</i> model of neuronal α-Syn expression. SAT1 overexpression reduced α-Syn protein levels, altered its subcellular distribution within the brain, and mitigated α-Syn-induced lifespan shortening. Transcriptomic analyses showed that SAT1 modulates stress-associated gene expression in the α-Syn background, including attenuation of chaperone and ubiquitin-related responses and coordinated changes in pathways linked to mitochondrial function and amino acid metabolism. SAT1 co-expression partially restored α-Syn-associated alterations in genes involved in mitochondrial quality control, including USP30, Uch-L5R, RNF185, and the mitochondrial ornithine carrier SLC25A15. At the protein level, SAT1 increased mitochondrial-associated signal, enhanced LC3 association with mitochondrial compartments, restored LC3-II/LC3-I ratios in mitochondrial fractions, and reduced mitochondrial accumulation of α-Syn. Functional analyses further showed that SAT1 increased steady-state ATP levels and attenuated the ATP depletion induced by α-Syn expression. These findings indicate that SAT1 activity is associated with reduced α-Syn toxicity and preservation of mitochondrial homeostasis during α-Syn-associated stress.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03544-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148966178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Spermidine in Colorectal cancer: friend or foe?","authors":"Sonia Coni, Rosa Bordone, Luca Campea, Shohei Ohno, Gianluca Canettieri, Enzo Agostinelli","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03554-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03554-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, and its incidence is rising among individuals, especially young, underscoring the need for novel therapeutic strategies. CRC development is driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations in key oncogenic pathways and is accompanied by profound reprogramming of polyamine metabolism. In this context, spermidine (SPD), a central polyamine produced downstream of the MYC–ODC axis, is regarded as a pro-tumorigenic metabolite that sustains CRC growth by fueling eIF5A hypusination and MYC translation, thereby establishing a feed-forward MYC–ODC–polyamine–eIF5A circuit that promotes tumorigenesis. Recent studies also show that combined inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis and eIF5A hypusination synergistically impairs MYC translation and suppresses CRC growth in preclinical models, outperforming single-agent strategies such as ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) blockade with difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) and highlighting the translational potential of dual targeting of this axis. Conversely, other lines of evidence indicate that excessive SPD or altered flux through the polyamine pathway can be cytotoxic: multiple reports demonstrate that high-dose SPD triggers apoptosis, while experimental models suggest that SPD and epithelial eIF5A hypusination can protect against colitis and colitis-associated cancer by supporting the translation of detoxifying enzymes. Overall, the literature points to a dual role of SPD, and the aim of this review is to dissect the functions of SPD in CRC, to summarize and critically discuss the potential benefits of this polyamine, and to evaluate how it might be rationally exploited as a therapeutic agent in cancer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03554-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148878876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amino AcidsPub Date : 2026-07-17Epub Date: 2026-10-13DOI: 10.1007/s00726-026-03535-z
Zhifeng Chen, Mi Hu
{"title":"Succinylation related gene signature enables risk stratification and prognostic modeling in breast cancer patients","authors":"Zhifeng Chen, Mi Hu","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03535-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03535-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Breast cancer (BRCA) is a major health threat to women and often carries a poor prognosis. Succinylation is closely associated with cancer metabolism; however, research on succinylation-related genes (SRGs) in BRCA remains relatively limited. This study first identified differentially expressed genes between normal and BRCA groups in the TCGA cohort and intersected them with known SRGs to obtain differentially expressed SRGs (DE-SRGs). Univariate Cox and LASSO Cox regression analyses were used to screen the DE-SRGs, followed by multivariate Cox regression to develop a succinylation-related prognostic model. Subsequently, patients were categorized into high and low succinylation-related risk score (SRS) groups according to the median score. Two groups were then compared for differences in immune microenvironment characteristics, somatic mutation burden, and drug sensitivity. Additionally, the expression levels of the signature genes were validated via qRT-PCR. This study developed a prognostic risk model for BRCA patients based on 13 SRGs (ACOT4, ALDH3A1, B3GALT1, IFNG, MMP1, NFKB2, PCSK6, PTK2, SERPINA1, SHMT2, SIRT7, ST3GAL1, and SUCLA2). A markedly elevated infiltration of immune cells was observed in the low-SRS group, including B cells, Mast cells, and Macrophages. The tumor mutational burden was notably lower in the low-SRS group. Drug sensitivity analysis suggested that the high-SRS BRCA patients might be more susceptible to FTI-277 and GNF-2. qRT‑PCR results showed that ACOT4, IFNG, MMP1, NFKB2, PCSK6, PTK2, SHMT2, SIRT7, and ST3GAL1 were significantly upregulated in human BRCA cell lines, while ALDH3A1, B3GALT1, and SUCLA2 were significantly downregulated. Our findings highlight the prognostic value of SRGs in BRCA, laying the groundwork for its potential use in guiding personalized treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03535-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148468452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amino AcidsPub Date : 2026-07-13Epub Date: 2026-10-07DOI: 10.1007/s00726-026-03547-9
Zhuan Song, Meng Shen, Huanhuan Xu, Yujie Wang, Lintong Zhao, Zhonghua Li, Peng Li, Lei Wang, Di Zhao, Dan Yi, Tao Wu, Yongqing Hou
{"title":"Multifaceted effects of proline on intestinal injury, inflammation, and lipid metabolism in piglets induced by porcine epidemic diarrhea virus","authors":"Zhuan Song, Meng Shen, Huanhuan Xu, Yujie Wang, Lintong Zhao, Zhonghua Li, Peng Li, Lei Wang, Di Zhao, Dan Yi, Tao Wu, Yongqing Hou","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03547-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03547-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigated the effects of proline on intestinal injury in piglets infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV). Twenty-eight 7-day-old piglets were assigned to four groups: control (CON), proline (Pro), PEDV, and Pro + PEDV. Piglets in the Pro and Pro + PEDV groups received oral proline (500 mg/kg body weight) for 7 days. During the last 3 days, piglets in the PEDV and Pro + PEDV groups were inoculated with PEDV. Under PEDV infection, proline administration increased villus height and the villus height/crypt depth ratio in both the jejunum and ileum, and villus width and villus surface area in the ileum. Proline increased PEDV N protein abundance and interferon β (<i>IFN-β</i>) mRNA level in both intestinal segments, suppressed downstream antiviral genes in infected piglets, but upregulated these genes in the jejunum of uninfected piglets. Proline further increased interleukin 1β (IL-1β) concentrations and the expression of inflammation-related genes in the jejunum of infected piglets. Under PEDV infection, proline increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in serum and jejunum, while reducing jejunal H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentration. Furthermore, proline downregulated genes related to lipid synthesis and ion transport in the jejunum of infected piglets. Transcriptomic and RT-qPCR analyses supported these findings, indicating that proline enhanced immune defense while suppressing lipid metabolism. In conclusion, proline alleviated PEDV-induced intestinal injury by improving villus morphology and enhancing antiviral and antioxidant defenses. However, it promoted viral replication and inflammation, while suppressing lipid metabolism. The multifaceted effects of proline on PEDV infection indicate its practical use warrants careful consideration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03547-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148429667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amino AcidsPub Date : 2026-07-09Epub Date: 2026-10-06DOI: 10.1007/s00726-026-03541-1
Zhigang Chen
{"title":"L-citrulline as a nitric oxide–modulating therapeutic adjunct to exercise: effects on vascular function, arterial stiffness, and cardiometabolic health in postmenopausal and older women","authors":"Zhigang Chen","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03541-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03541-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Postmenopausal women face increased risks of vascular dysfunction, loss of lean muscle mass, and reduced physical performance due to age-related hormonal and metabolic changes. These factors contribute to heightened cardiovascular risk and physical frailty. L-citrulline, a non-essential amino acid and precursor to nitric oxide (NO), has emerged as a potential therapeutic agent for improving vascular and muscular health. When combined with structured exercise, L-citrulline may enhance NO bioavailability, improve endothelial function, increase muscle perfusion, and potentiate exercise-induced adaptations. This review synthesizes current evidence on the combined impact of L-citrulline supplementation and exercise on endothelial function, arterial stiffness, leg muscle function, lean mass, and strength in postmenopausal women. Findings from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that this combined intervention can reduce arterial stiffness, enhance leg muscle strength, increase lean body mass, and improve overall physical function, potentially via NO-mediated vasodilation, the mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling, improved mitochondrial function, and reduced oxidative stress. These effects are especially relevant in postmenopausal populations at risk for cardiovascular disease and sarcopenia. While early results are promising, further high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these benefits, establish optimal dosing strategies, and determine long-term clinical relevance.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13638848/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148410195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amino AcidsPub Date : 2026-07-04Epub Date: 2026-09-25DOI: 10.1007/s00726-026-03538-w
Ayush B. Rana, Scott M. Welford
{"title":"Polyamines in CNS malignancies: positively charged culprits in the hijacking of neural and immune signaling pathways","authors":"Ayush B. Rana, Scott M. Welford","doi":"10.1007/s00726-026-03538-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-026-03538-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The mammalian polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine) are ubiquitous polycations, long recognized for their indispensable roles in maintaining cell proliferation, differentiation and survival. Traditionally viewed as metabolic supporters of growth, polyamines have recently emerged as active regulators of cell-cell signaling in diverse physiological and pathological settings. Through intercellular polyamine transfer, modulation of ion channels and interactions with cell-surface receptors, polyamines orchestrate intricate signaling networks, from neurotransmission in the nervous system to cytokine signaling in the immune compartment. Many cancers, though most clearly, central nervous systems (CNS) cancers, exploit neuro- and immunomodulatory circuits, effectively hijacking neural and immune signaling pathways to sustain growth and evade surveillance. Thus, an integrated, multi-disciplinary perspective is required to overcome hurdles in the treatment of these aggressive malignancies. In light of ongoing clinical trials aimed at disrupting polyamine synthesis and transport in brain tumors, better defining the role of polyamines in mediating tumor-host interactions is essential for maximizing anti-tumor efficacy while minimizing normal tissue toxicity. This review integrates advances from cancer biology, immunology and neuroscience to comprehensively discuss the mechanisms through which polyamines regulate cell-cell signaling, the role of these pathways in brain tumor progression and the diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities that arise from this knowledge.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-026-03538-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148387217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}