Amino Acids最新文献

{"title":"Targeting LAT1 with JPH203 to reduce TNBC proliferation and reshape suppressive immune microenvironment by blocking essential amino acid uptake","authors":"Yajie Zhao,&nbsp;Chunrui Pu,&nbsp;Kangdong Liu,&nbsp;Zhenzhen Liu","doi":"10.1007/s00726-025-03456-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-025-03456-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The competitive uptake of essential amino acids (EAAs) by breast cancer cells is associated with poor patient prognosis and the development of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. L-type amino acid transporters, LAT1 (<i>SLC7 A5</i>) and LAT2 (<i>SLC7 A8</i>) are major mediators of EAAs transmembrane uptake and are overexpressed in some tumor tissues. However, the distribution and functional roles of these transporters across breast cancer subtypes have not been fully elucidated. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic potential of targeting EAA transporters, particularly LAT1, in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and its role in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. The distribution of EAA transporters across breast cancer subtypes was analyzed using multi-omics data. The effects of LAT1 targeting on TNBC cell proliferation and EAA uptake were evaluated using <i>SLC7 A5</i> knockout and LAT1 inhibitors in vitro experiments. A 4T1-BALB/c tumor-bearing mouse model with normal immune function was constructed to investigate the effects of LAT1 targeting on tumor growth and immune microenvironment remodeling in vivo. TNBC demonstrated a strong dependence on LAT1-mediated EAAs uptake. Targeting LAT1 limited the exogenous supply of EAAs, leading to amino acid starvation, cell cycle arrest, and increased apoptosis in TNBC cells. The in vivo experiments, using a 4T1-BALB/c tumor-bearing mouse model, showed that LAT1 targeting inhibited tumor growth and remodeled the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Targeting LAT1 improved PD-L1-associated immune suppression and improved the efficacy of PD-1 antibody treatment, producing synergistic anti-tumor effects. This study highlights the therapeutic potential of targeting LAT1 in TNBC, particularly in remodeling the tumor immune microenvironment. The findings provide a promising strategy for immune combination therapy in TNBC.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-025-03456-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of histidine and carnosine on haemoglobin recovery in anaemia induced-kidney damage and iron-loading mouse models","authors":"Mayra Vera-Aviles,&nbsp;Jorge Moreno-Fernandez,&nbsp;Tugba Kose,&nbsp;Robert Hider,&nbsp;Gladys O. Latunde-Dada","doi":"10.1007/s00726-025-03451-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-025-03451-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Histidine and carnosine can form complexes with divalent metal ions such as Fe²⁺, potentially providing stability to intracellular labile iron. Anaemia is a common comorbidity in the late stages of kidney disease, and patients are treated with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) and iron supplementation. However, iron supplementation is also associated with worse long-term outcomes. The purpose of this study is to investigate how histidine and carnosine supplementation can reduce symptoms of anaemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the effects associated with iron-overloaded conditions. Adenine-induced chronic kidney disease mice were treated with histidine and carnosine by oral gavage for 10 days. Additionally, a model involving iron overload in mice was established, and these mice received concurrent treatment with histidine and carnosine. Haemoglobin, non-haem iron, malondialdehyde (MDA) and iron parameters were measured. Carnosine increased erythropoietin (EPO) levels (35.62 µg/ml ± 11.43) and resulted in haemoglobin repletion (16.7 g/dL ± 3.4). When iron was supplemented alongside with histidine or carnosine, there were better effects on haemoglobin repletion (14.22 ± 1.7 and 13.82 ± 2.15 g/ dL respectively), ferritin (59.5 ± 16.4, 52 ± 29.5 µg/ml) and non-haem iron (0.8 ± 0.21, 0.7 ± 0.38 nmol/mg), than the group receiving iron alone (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, histidine and carnosine reduced non-haem iron and MDA, in iron-loaded conditions (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). These positive effects observed in histidine and carnosine could be associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. EPO restoring levels in CKD model and the increment in haemoglobin and ferritin in carnosine treatments suggested the potential formation of a ternary complex with iron-glutathione. In conclusion, our results indicate the beneficial effect of histidine and carnosine in the context of iron supplementation for the correction of haemoglobin and protection against iron-loaded conditions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-025-03451-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic peptides: chemical strategies fortify peptides for enhanced disease treatment efficacy","authors":"Qingmei Li,&nbsp;Wen Chao,&nbsp;Lijuan Qiu","doi":"10.1007/s00726-025-03454-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-025-03454-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Therapeutic peptides, as a unique form of medication composed of orderly arranged sequences of amino acids, are valued for their high affinity, specificity, low immunogenicity, and economical production costs. Currently, more than 100 peptides have already secured market approval. Over 150 are actively undergoing clinical trials, while an additional 400–600 are in the preclinical research stage. Despite this, their clinical application is limited by factors such as salt sensitivity, brief residence in the bloodstream, inadequate cellular uptake, and high structural flexibility. By employing suitable chemical methods to modify peptides, it is possible to regulate important physicochemical factors such as charge, hydrophobicity, conformation, amphiphilicity, and sequence that affect the physicochemical properties and biological activity of peptides. This can overcome the inherent deficiencies of peptides, enhance their pharmacokinetic properties and biological activity, and promote continuous progress in the field of research. A diverse array of modified peptides is currently being developed and investigated across numerous therapeutic fields. Drawing on the latest research, this review encapsulates the essential physicochemical factors and significant chemical modification strategies that influence the properties and biological activity of peptides as pharmaceuticals. It also assesses how physicochemical factors affect the application of peptide drugs in disease treatment and the effectiveness of chemical strategies in disease therapy. Concurrently, this review discusses the prospective advancements in therapeutic peptide development, with the goal of offering guidance for designing and optimizing therapeutic peptides and to delve deeper into the therapeutic potential of peptides for disease intervention.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-025-03454-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143919129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of homoarginine with arginine and disease severity in COVID-19 patients","authors":"Zhiling Zhao,&nbsp;Ting-Ting Wei,&nbsp;Wan-Xue Zhang,&nbsp;Shan-Shan Zhang,&nbsp;Rui Wu,&nbsp;Fei Li,&nbsp;Han Yang,&nbsp;Qiang Zhang,&nbsp;Jingjing Xi,&nbsp;Yiguo Zhou,&nbsp;Tiehua Wang,&nbsp;Juan Du,&nbsp;Qing-Bin Lu,&nbsp;Qinggang Ge","doi":"10.1007/s00726-025-03453-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-025-03453-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study explored the relationship between the concentrations of homoarginine and arginine and between homoarginine concentration and laboratory parameters in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with different severity to demonstrate the role of homoarginine in the progress of COVID-19. The laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients were included from Peking University Third Hospital during December 2022 to January 2023. Serum, urine, and stool samples were collected from the patients and detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Totally 46 patients were recruited, including 18 in the mild group, 19 in the severe group, and 9 fatal. The concentration of homoarginine was positively correlated with the concentration of arginine in serum (<i>r</i> = 0.50), urine (<i>r</i> = 0.55), and stool samples (<i>r</i> = 0.39), respectively (all P &lt; 0.001). The serum concentration and urine concentration of homoarginine were lower in severe patients than in mild patients (both P &lt; 0.05). 13 indicators reflecting immunity and coagulation, including but not limited to T cell, white blood cell, natural killer cell, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and IL-8, had statistically significant correlations with both disease severity and the homoarginine concentration. Patients with hypertension were significantly associated with the decreased serum homoarginine (odds ratio 10.905, 95% confidence interval 1.454 − 137.144). Our results suggest that the homoarginine plays a role in the progress of COVID-19, which may be achieved by influencing arginine metabolism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-025-03453-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143913913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety assessment of L-ornithine oral intake in healthy subjects: a systematic review","authors":"Hyemin Yang,&nbsp;Yui Kuramochi,&nbsp;Sumika Sato,&nbsp;Ryosei Sakai,&nbsp;Kohsuke Hayamizu","doi":"10.1007/s00726-025-03455-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-025-03455-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>L-Ornithine (L-Orn) is a nonessential amino acid but has many physiological roles. Accordingly, L-Orn has been used as a functional food or dietary supplement to ameliorate various maladies, but there is only limited information available about its safety. The safety of a chemical compound is generally assessed via non-clinical and clinical studies, but safety information derived from human studies is particularly important. Recently, systematic reviews have been used to assess the safety as well as the effectiveness and usefulness of such studies. Therefore, we conducted an assessment of the safety of L-Orn by systematically reviewing clinical studies. Specifically, we performed a comprehensive search of databases for clinical trials in which L-Orn was added to ordinary diets (i.e., orally administered) in healthy individuals. Focusing on PubMed, Cochrane Library, Ichushi-Web, and EBSCO<i>host</i>, we comprehensively searched for reports on human studies on the oral ingestion of L-Orn. We identified 22 articles as subjects for this SR. Among these articles, the maximum L-Orn dose was 14,025 mg/person/day in the form of L-Orn hydrochloride and the maximum duration of administration was 156 days. The main observed adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders. Indexing these adverse events, the no observed adverse effect level was estimated to be 12,000 mg/person/day for L-Orn in the form of L-Orn hydrochloride. When we conducted an integration analysis on the risk of adverse events, the difference between those with and without L-Orn supplementation in the risk of gastrointestinal disorders was 0.00 (95% confidence interval: ±0.02, <i>P</i> = 1.00), so no significant effects were observed. (UMIN000033371)</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-025-03455-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143908677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metabolomic analysis reveals key changes in amino acid metabolism in colorectal cancer patients","authors":"Asmaa Ramzy,&nbsp;Taghreed Khaled Abdelmoneim,&nbsp;Menna Arafat,&nbsp;Maha Mokhtar,&nbsp;Ashraf Bakkar,&nbsp;Amany Mokhtar,&nbsp;Wagida Anwar,&nbsp;Sameh Magdeldin,&nbsp;Shymaa Enany","doi":"10.1007/s00726-025-03448-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-025-03448-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The number of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients is steadily growing worldwide, particularly in developing nations. Nonetheless, recent advances in early detection studies and therapy alternatives have reduced CRC mortality in affluent countries, despite rising incidence. Gut microbiota and their metabolites may contribute to tumor growth and reduced therapeutic efficacy. This preliminary study sought to uncover metabolic fingerprints in colorectal cancer patients. It also emphasizes the correlation between the gut microbiome, microbial metabolism, and altered metabolites in CRC. In this study, stool samples from 20 CRC patients and matched healthy controls were enrolled. Untargeted metabolomics approach based on an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) were applied. Statistical approaches, pathway enrichment analysis, and network analysis were employed to unleash CRC perturbed metabolic pathways and putative biomarkers. The study identified a distinct manually curated metabolite profile that is substantially linked to CRC. The steroidogenesis, aspartate, tryptophan (Trp), and urea cycle were the most significant pathways that concurrently contributed to CRC.Prominently, among other pathways, Trp metabolism was identified as a critical pathway, indicating a possible connection between the development of CRC and gut microbiota. In a nutshell the notable resulted metabolites reveal auspicious biomarkers for the initial diagnosis as well as surveilling of CRC progression. This preliminary study highlights the potential involvement that gut bacteria may contribute in CRC patients. Further investigation into the composition of the gut microbiome associated with this metabolic profile may lead to the identification of novel biomarkers for early detection and possible targets for treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-025-03448-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143896694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrative analysis of taurine metabolism-related genes prognostic signature with immunotherapy and identification of ABCB1 and GORASP1 as key genes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma","authors":"Zhang Feng,&nbsp;Yuhang Yang,&nbsp;Wenqi Luo,&nbsp;Jinqing Li,&nbsp;Zhenlian Xie,&nbsp;Long Zuo,&nbsp;Meijiao Duan,&nbsp;Dongzhi Zuo,&nbsp;Ruwei MO,&nbsp;Xuejing Tang,&nbsp;Shijiang Yi,&nbsp;Xiaosong He,&nbsp;Fangxian Liu,&nbsp;Ning Ma,&nbsp;Feng He","doi":"10.1007/s00726-025-03452-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-025-03452-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Taurine is an amino acid with several physiological functions and has been shown to be involved in the anti-tumor of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells. However, the role of taurine metabolism-related genes (TMRGs) in NPC has not been reported. We integrated data from the Genecards, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO) databases to identify differentially expressed genes associated with taurine metabolism in NPC patients. Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses were conducted to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Subsequently, Cox regression and Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analyses were performed to construct a taurine metabolism-related prognostic signature. Survival, medication sensitivity, and immunological microenvironment evaluations were performed to assess the prognostic utility of the model. Finally, immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments were performed to validate the model’s prognostic reliability. In addition, we further verified the reliability of our research results through molecular docking and single-cell sequencing. Our prognostic model was based on three pivotal TMRGs (ABCB1, GORASP1, and EZH2). Functional analysis revealed a strong association between TMRGs and miRNAs in cancer. Notably, increased risk scores correlated with worsening tumor malignancy and prognosis. Significant disparities in immune microenvironment, immune checkpoints, and drug sensitivity were observed between the high- and low-risk groups. The protein expression patterns of the selected genes in clinical NPC samples were validated using immunohistochemistry. Molecular docking verified the interaction between these three core genes and taurine, which was further supported by single-cell sequencing showing significant expression variation among different cell clusters in NPC. We had elucidated the functions, therapeutic potential, and prognostic significance of three key genes related to taurine metabolism in NPC through multidimensional research and experimental validation. This research provided valuable insights and potential avenues for improved NPC management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-025-03452-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143865576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction Note: Alamandine attenuates hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in hypertensive rats","authors":"Chi Liu,&nbsp;Chuan‑Xi Yang,&nbsp;Xi‑Ru Chen,&nbsp;Bo‑Xun Liu,&nbsp;Yong Li,&nbsp;Xiao‑Zhi Wang,&nbsp;Wei Sun,&nbsp;Peng Li,&nbsp;Xiang‑Qing Kong","doi":"10.1007/s00726-025-03450-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-025-03450-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-025-03450-9.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143698675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silencing of RNFT2 suppresses cell proliferation and migration through mTORC1 signaling pathway in gastric cancer","authors":"Younan Wang,&nbsp;Qianyun Ma,&nbsp;Zeyu Zhu,&nbsp;Huaiming Sang,&nbsp;Hao Fan,&nbsp;Zhipeng Li","doi":"10.1007/s00726-025-03449-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-025-03449-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excellent biomarkers for predicting survival or therapeutic targets are still lacking in gastric cancer (GC), which is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Ring finger protein, transmembrane 2 (RNFT2), which has been reported to be involved in proteolytic process, but how it functions in tumors is rarely investigated. In the present study, we explored the biological property of RNFT2 in GC, we found that RNFT2 was significantly upregulated in GC, and could serve as a tumor marker to predict prognosis. A series of in vitro cell function experiments were performed, we found that knockdown of RNFT2 expression in GC cells could inhibit cell invasion, migration and proliferation. Besides, in vivo experiments also showed that silencing RNFT2 expression in gastric cancer cells significantly reduced tumor size. Furthermore, through gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and immunoblotting studies, we observed that RNFT2 might influence the proliferation, invasion and migration of GC cells through the mTORC1 signaling pathway. In summary, our results clarified the carcinogenic role of RNFT2 in GC progression, provided inspiration to further understand the molecular mechanism of GC and made RNFT2 as a potential target for GC diagnosis and therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-025-03449-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143638378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obituary: in memory of the scientific career of Professor Roger C Harris","authors":"Wim Derave,&nbsp;Paul Greenhaff,&nbsp;Pat Harris,&nbsp;Jay Hoffman,&nbsp;Kent Sahlin,&nbsp;Craig Sale,&nbsp;Bryan Saunders,&nbsp;David Snow","doi":"10.1007/s00726-025-03446-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00726-025-03446-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7810,"journal":{"name":"Amino Acids","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00726-025-03446-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143554038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}