{"title":"Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices: proven applications and future prospects in therapeutic drug monitoring, homeland security, and chemical education.","authors":"Manabu Tokeshi","doi":"10.1007/s44211-025-00758-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-025-00758-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since the report by Whitesides et al. in 2007 on paper-based microfluidic analytical devices (μPADs), numerous studies have been published. The characteristics of μPADs, such as low cost, simplicity, and suitability for resource-limited settings, make them promising for a wide range of applications, including medical diagnostics, environmental analysis, and food testing. While these applications have been well-documented, this review focuses on the less common applications in therapeutic drug monitoring, homeland security, and chemical education. Specifically, the μPADs discussed in this review were developed for the determination of lithium ions in blood for therapeutic drug monitoring, the determination of the nerve agent VX for homeland security, and the measurement of ascorbic acid and pH for chemical education.</p>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143959107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Elemental and isotopic analyses of individual nanoparticles using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.","authors":"Masaki Nakazato, Takafumi Hirata","doi":"10.1007/s44211-025-00766-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-025-00766-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Sensitive and rapid technique for elemental analysis of individual nanoparticles is increasingly desired in various research fields such as geochemical, environmental, clinical, and biochemical sciences. Among the techniques, single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) becomes one of the principal choices for the analytical method because of both the simple sample preparation and high analytical throughput, realizing the statistical treatments of the resulting data obtained from large numbers of particles. The analytical capability of the spICP-MS is further improved by the combination of ICP ion source with various types of mass spectrometers including quadrupole-type instrument, multiple collector system setup equipped on magnetic sector, or superfast mass scanning data acquisition utilizing time of flight-type mass spectrometers. In this article, both the principles and applications of size, elemental, and isotopic analysis of nanoparticles using spICP-MS are critically reviewed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143962372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sasikarn Seetasang, Mika I Umeda, Jianchao Ren, Takashi Kaneta
{"title":"Innovations in paper-based analytical devices and portable absorption photometers for onsite analysis.","authors":"Sasikarn Seetasang, Mika I Umeda, Jianchao Ren, Takashi Kaneta","doi":"10.1007/s44211-025-00764-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s44211-025-00764-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two types of analytical instruments and devices-one sophisticated high-performance instrument and another portable device-have been the focus of recent trends in analytical science. The necessity of point-of-care testing and onsite analysis has accelerated the advancement of high-performance, user-friendly portable analytical devices such as paper-based analytical devices (PADs) and light-emitting diode-based portable photometers. In this review, we summarize our achievements in the study of PADs and portable photometers. Several types of PADs are capable of performing titrations, metal ion analysis, and food analysis, while photometers, which consist of paired emitter-detector light-emitting diode (PEDD) photometers, are used for thiocyanate and herbicide analysis. These PADs and photometers permit the onsite determination of real environmental, body fluid, and food samples when an equipped laboratory is unavailable.</p>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143966004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biosensing approaches in body fluids using extended-gate-type organic field-effect transistor enzymatic sensors","authors":"Yui Sasaki, Tsuyoshi Minami","doi":"10.1007/s44211-025-00750-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-025-00750-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Biomarkers in body fluids provide essential chemical information for examining health conditions; however, unlike conventional instrumental approaches, easy-to-use analytical methods have not yet been fully established. This review introduces extended-gate-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) as biosensor platforms for real-sample analysis. OFETs are electronic devices that show switching profiles when gate voltages are applied. Therefore, the gate electrode of OFET functions as a sensing unit combined with appropriate molecular recognition materials. Owing to their signal amplification properties, OFETs enable sensitive biosensing. The extended-gate surfaces are easily functionalized with enzymatic layers using chemical modification, and these surfaces provide a high discrimination ability for specific biomarkers from their analogs. This review presents the designs of the extended-gate structures (i.e., integrated and separated styles) and their enzymatic layers and includes their actual sensing performance.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 5","pages":"523 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44211-025-00750-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent advances in single-particle analysis with nanopore technology","authors":"Akihide Arima","doi":"10.1007/s44211-025-00757-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-025-00757-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Nanopore sensors have been used as ultrasensitive tools for single-particle detection based on ionic current measurement. This simple, yet powerful technique allows researchers to acquire various physical properties of individual particles in a label-free manner. This mini-review describes the recent progress in nanopore technology demonstrated by our group. We first focus on the major advancements in nanopore architecture contributing to high-spatial resolution, followed by the detection strategy designed for long-term analysis. Then, we summarize the application of nanopore technology in infection diagnosis using machine learning. Following that, we discuss its potential for gene therapy, facilitated by high spatial resolution. Furthermore, we also highlighted potential applications of next-generation nanopore technology that contribute to a healthier future.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 5","pages":"677 - 685"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"StageTip: a little giant unveiling the potential of mass spectrometry-based proteomics","authors":"Eisuke Kanao, Yasushi Ishihama","doi":"10.1007/s44211-025-00749-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-025-00749-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This review highlights the growing impact of StageTips (Stop and Go Extraction Tips), a pipette tip-based LC column in MS-based proteomics. By packing standard pipette tips with reversed-phase, ion-exchange, or metal oxide materials, StageTips enable efficient peptide desalting, fractionation, selective enrichment, and in-tip reactions with minimal sample loss. Recent improvements, including new resin designs and integrated workflows, have further expanded the applications to phosphoproteomics, protein terminomics, and single-cell proteomics. With their simplicity, high reproducibility, and low cost, StageTips offer a versatile platform that can be seamlessly integrated into automated pipelines, increasing the throughput and the depth of proteome analysis. As materials and protocols continue to evolve, StageTips will continue to develop as an essential keystone for robust sample preparation in next-generation proteomics research.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 5","pages":"667 - 675"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s44211-025-00749-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143727566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Current advances in separation chemistry for antibody purification and analysis","authors":"Suprit Deol, Yutaka Matsuda, Yuki Hiruta","doi":"10.1007/s44211-025-00748-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-025-00748-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have become essential in modern therapeutics, offering high specificity and efficacy in treating diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and infectious diseases. With the increasing demand for mAbs, robust analytical and purification technologies are critical to ensuring their safety, efficacy, and consistency. This review highlights recent advances in the application of HPLC for both mAb analysis and purification. In the analytical domain, techniques such as size exclusion chromatography (SEC), hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC), ion exchange chromatography (IEX), and reversed-phase chromatography (RPLC) are explored for their role in evaluating mAb structural attributes and post-translational modifications (PTMs). These methods are indispensable for ensuring stability and functionality while meeting stringent regulatory requirements. In the context of purification, Protein A affinity chromatography remains the gold standard for initial capture of mAb; however, challenges such as high cost and harsh elution conditions have prompted the development of alternative purification technologies. IEX, HIC, multimodal, and membrane chromatography are also critical in achieving high-purity mAb products through multistep workflows, including intermediate purification and polishing stages. This review emphasizes the central role of HPLC in addressing the complex challenges of mAb manufacturing and characterization. By integrating established and emerging chromatographic techniques, it provides insights into the future directions of therapeutic antibody development.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 5","pages":"653 - 666"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143699210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrochemically active DNA ligands for gene detection: present and future","authors":"Shigeori Takenaka, Shinobu Sato","doi":"10.1007/s44211-025-00745-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-025-00745-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Electrochemical gene sensing methods are gaining attention as diagnostic chips. Here, we review the electrochemically active DNA ligand-based sensing methods. Various DNA ligands have been reported in these studies, among which metal complexes, methylene blue, and ferrocenyl naphthalene diimide (FND) have been studied in detail. DNA probe immobilized electrodes have been created, hybridization reactions on the electrodes with target DNA fragments have been performed, and electrochemical gene detection has been possible using these DNA ligands. An example of the realization of this system is the successful and accurate cancer diagnosis using FND to examine abnormal methylation of the hTERT gene, providing reassurance about the system's reliability. In addition, electrochemical detection of PCR products has been realized using the current decrease due to the double-stranded DNA binding of methylene blue although it is a signal-off system. A naphthalene diimide derivative with ferrocene and β-CD, FNC, increased the current upon double-stranded DNA binding. Using these FNCs, the detection of PCR products in a homogeneous system was realized. Electrochemical qPCR was realized with these ligands. Since FNDs also bind strongly to tetraplex or G-quadruplex (G4) DNA, we succeeded in electrochemically detecting telomerase activity, which is known as a cancer marker, using FNDs to detect the amount of telomeric DNA elongation, which is its substrate, as the amount of G4 DNA. This technique has realized compassionate cancer diagnosis from oral swab fluid. It is known that G4 is also present in viral genome RNA, and a viral testing method using G4 is expected to be a potential alternative to PCR. The first example was the electrochemical detection of novel coronaviruses using incFND as an RNA G4 ligand.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 5","pages":"639 - 652"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143662082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdullah H. Alluhayb, Ahmed H. Alanazi, Alaa M. Younis, Refat El-Sayed, Khaled F. Debbabi, Alaa S. Amin
{"title":"Designing an optical sensor with exceptional sensitivity and specificity for the detection of ultra-trace amounts of boron","authors":"Abdullah H. Alluhayb, Ahmed H. Alanazi, Alaa M. Younis, Refat El-Sayed, Khaled F. Debbabi, Alaa S. Amin","doi":"10.1007/s44211-025-00737-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-025-00737-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A specialized optical chemical sensor for boron detection was designed using a polymer inclusion membrane (PIM). This unique sensor relies on an encapsulation method to create its optical membrane. The components involved in this sensor include azomethine H (AMH) as the reactive agent, polyvinyl chloride as the foundational polymer, and dinonylnaphthalene sulphonic acid (DNNS) as the extraction agent within the PIM structure. Various parameters, such as membrane thickness, concentration of AMH and DNNS, plasticizer proportions, stirring dynamics, and the pH of the solution under study, significantly affected the sensor’s performance. Within a detection range spanning 4.0–116 ng mL<sup>−1</sup> of boron, the sensor demonstrated a strong linear relationship with detection and quantification thresholds of 1.25 and 3.94 ng mL<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. The peak absorption wavelength (<i>λ</i><sub>max</sub>) for this PIM-based sensor was identified at 424 nm. Moreover, the sensor displayed a reproducibility (RSD) of 1.65% and a repeatability RSD of 1.43%, coupled with a swift response time of approximately 3.0 min. The membrane selectivity was tested against boron in acidic environments. This proposed sensor effectively detected boron in diverse samples such as water, vegetation, soil, and ceramic samples, with findings corroborated by an AAS technique.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div><div><p>Schematic representation for the preparation, and complexation of the formed sensor and B–AMH–DNNS complex</p></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 4","pages":"473 - 486"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Solvent properties of ionic liquids on complex formation of Ni(II) ion with molecular liquids","authors":"Toshiyuki Takamuku","doi":"10.1007/s44211-025-00741-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s44211-025-00741-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) attract much attention as green solvents because of their negligible volatility and non-flammability. In analytical chemistry, the application of ILs to chemical separation and solvent extraction has been investigated. However, there have been a smaller number of reports on the mechanisms of chemical equilibria in the solvents of ILs at a molecular level. In this review, the series of our investigations on the complex formation of Ni<sup>2+</sup> ion with molecular liquids (MLs) in imidazolium-based ILs, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([C<sub>2</sub>mim][TFSA]) and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)amide ([C<sub>8</sub>mim][TFSA]) was summarized. The MLs involved methanol (MeOH), ethanol (EtOH), acetonitrile (AN), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). In [C<sub>2</sub>mim][TFSA], the Ni<sup>2+</sup>-ML complexes are stabler in the sequence of DMSO >> AN > EtOH ≈ MeOH complexes, which almost depends on the electron donicities of MLs. In contrast, in [C<sub>8</sub>mim][TFSA], the sequence changes to AN > DMSO > EtOH > MeOH complexes, despite of the lowest electron donicity of AN. Thus, only the electron donicities of MLs do not decide the stability of the complexes. The reasons for the stabilities of the Ni<sup>2+</sup>-ML complexes were interpreted in terms of the microscopic interactions between ML and the ILs’ cation observed by the infrared (IR) and <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, to clarify the effects of ML cluster formation on the complex formation mechanisms, the heterogeneous mixing between IL and ML were quantitatively evaluated by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) at the mesoscopic scale.</p><h3>Graphical abstract</h3><div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":7802,"journal":{"name":"Analytical Sciences","volume":"41 5","pages":"609 - 622"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}