Food & Function最新文献

{"title":"Probiotics enhance vitamin absorption in the intestine: influencing factors and potential mechanisms","authors":"Peiling Hu, Han Tan, Weiping Xu, Shijian Liu, Jiajia Song, Xiaoyong Chen and Huayi Suo","doi":"10.1039/D4FO04252B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO04252B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Vitamins are essential for numerous bodily functions and metabolic regulation. The importance of probiotics in promoting intestinal absorption of vitamins has been confirmed, yet several factors influence the effectiveness of this promotion. Despite this, studies on the mechanisms by which probiotics facilitate this process remain limited. In this review, we discuss the potential mechanisms through which probiotics promote intestinal vitamin absorption. These include altering the composition of the intestinal microbiota, improving the intestinal environment, regulating intestinal pH, enhancing vitamin expression and activity, synthesizing transporter proteins, producing binding proteins, and generating postbiotics. Additionally, the promotion of intestinal vitamin absorption by probiotics may be influenced by digestive enzymes, vitamin transporter proteins, vitamin-binding proteins, and dietary lipids. Understanding the factors that influence how probiotics affect intestinal vitamin absorption and elucidating their underlying mechanisms of action are crucial for unlocking the full potential of probiotics and developing effective applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 14","pages":" 5665-5678"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gut microbial metabolites of phenolic compounds inhibit colon cancer cell proliferation by triggering apoptosis and cell cycle arrest","authors":"Melissa Zannini, Maddalena De Angeli, Angela Conte, Vincenzo Minischetti, Domenico D'Arca, Davide Tagliazucchi and Alice Cattivelli","doi":"10.1039/D5FO02116B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FO02116B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Growing evidence shows how diet can influence the onset of colon cancer. In this regard, phenolic compounds, and particularly, their metabolites produced by the gut microbiota, may be responsible for this protective effect. Therefore, in this study, some of the main gut microbial metabolites of phenolic compounds were tested for their anti-proliferative activity against two colon adenocarcinoma cell lines (Caco-2 and SW480). Two compounds, 3′,4′-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and 3-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid, showed IC<small>₅₀</small> values towards Caco-2 below the physiological concentrations found in the colon. In addition, other compounds showing low IC<small>₅₀</small> values towards Caco-2 were 2,3,4-trihyroxybenzoic acid (gallic acid), 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene (pyrogallol), and 5-(3′,4′-dihydroxyphenyl)-γ-valerolactone. Whereas three flavanone aglycones (naringenin, eriodictyol, and hesperetin) and, again, 2,3,4-trihyroxybenzoic acid, and 1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene were the most active towards SW480. Some compounds exert an anti-proliferative effect by disrupting the cell cycle, others by inducing apoptosis, and others by promoting reactive oxygen species formation. Thus, this study demonstrates that gut microbial metabolites of phenolic compounds can be held responsible for the protective effect against the onset of colon cancer of a diet rich in fruit and vegetables.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 14","pages":" 5836-5849"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144493215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acer truncatum oil ameliorates autism-like behaviours by promoting maturation of oligodendrocytes and inhibiting neuroinflammation: the role of the brain–gut axis†","authors":"Jing Li, Xuejun Chai, Dongfeng Song, Mengli Wang, Penghao Sun, Yongkang Zhao, Duoduo Ren, Feng Liu, Hong Ni, Yonghong Jiang, Xiaoyan Zhu, Enyao Li and Shanting Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D4FO06180B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO06180B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and repetitive behaviours. The gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder, and its modulation represents a promising therapeutic strategy to alleviate autism-like behaviours. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of <em>Acer truncatum</em> oil (ASO) on autism-like behaviours in an autistic mouse model, BTBR T<small>⁺</small> Itpr3<small>^tf</small>/J (BTBR) mice, and to assess the related molecular mechanisms. The juvenile BTBR mice were administered with ASO for 36 consecutive days by gavage. Behaviour tests showed that ASO remarkably alleviated the autism-like behaviours of BTBR mice. In addition, the supplementation with ASO promoted the maturation of oligodendrocytes and suppressed microglial over-activation, and reduced the IL-1β and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus of the BTBR mice. Oral ASO administration also improved gut microbiota imbalances in BTBR mice by reducing the abundance of the harmful bacterium <em>Mycoplasma</em> and the ratio of <em>Firmicutes</em> to <em>Bacteroidetes</em>. Additionally, ASO decreased the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β, and increased the levels of ZO-1, claudin-1 and occludin in the intestine, thereby reducing intestinal inflammation and repairing intestinal barrier damage. Our results indicate that ASO has great potential in the treatment of autism, providing theoretical basis for the development of autism drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 14","pages":" 5771-5790"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144473438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human milk metabolites modulate gut barrier and immunity-related genes in an in vitro multicellular model of intestinal epithelium†","authors":"Sarah Blanchet, Mégane Bostoën, Veronique Romé, Isabelle Le Huërou-Luron, Yves Le Loir, Sergine Even and Sophie Blat","doi":"10.1039/D5FO01144B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FO01144B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Human milk (HM) is a complex food that meets nutritional newborn needs. The role of its bioactive components, particularly metabolites, in neonatal development remains poorly understood. This study focused on evaluating the effects of HM short chain fatty acids (SCFA), polyamines, tryptophan derivatives, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), serotonin and lactate on several neonatal gut functions. The effects of these metabolites, at HM concentration, were analyzed individually or in mixture (MTB mix), on an <em>in vitro</em> multicellular model of intestinal epithelium, including Caco-2 (enterocytes), HT29-MTX (goblet cells), NCI-H716 (enteroendocrine cells) and M cells. Transcriptomic semi-screening revealed the impact of these metabolites, especially combined as a mixture, on various intestinal functions. MTB mix upregulated <em>CLDN3</em> and <em>CLDN4</em> while downregulating <em>CLDN1</em> and this was associated with a higher transepithelial resistance, highlighting its potential role in strengthening the intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB). MTB mix also reduced the expression of genes involved in mucus formation (<em>MUC1</em>, <em>TFF3</em>). Besides, MTB mix decreased immune-related gene expression (<em>CXCL8</em>, <em>MYD88</em>, <em>GPX2</em>), suggesting an immunomodulatory effect. Lastly, MTB mix decreased nutrient transporter and enzyme gene expression (<em>SLC2A1</em>, <em>SLC15A1</em>, <em>LCT</em>), suggesting that the mixture modulates digestive function. SCFA, especially butyrate, drove most of these effects, with a contribution from polyamines also, especially on IEB. Individually, GABA had a significant impact on all the examined functions, although these effects were absent with the MTB mix. Overall, this study highlights the ability of HM metabolites to modulate IEB and some genes related to the immune, digestive and endocrine functions <em>in vitro</em>, with some cumulative or attenuated effects when taken altogether <em>vs.</em> individually, emphasizing the importance of studying them as a mixture.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 13","pages":" 5601-5615"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/fo/d5fo01144b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective effects of Katsuwonus pelamis hydrolysates against renal injury: Val-Lys as a potent renoprotective peptide†","authors":"Ying Cheng, Mingjie Zhou, Zishan Hong, Lin Zheng and Mouming Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D5FO01092F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FO01092F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Elevated serum uric acid (UA), a hallmark of diet-induced metabolic dysregulation, induces renal inflammation and oxidative stress, progressively leading to irreversible kidney injury (KI). Although <em>Katsuwonus pelamis</em> hydrolysates (KPHs) exhibit UA-lowering activity, their potential renoprotective effects remain unknown. In this work, KPHs ameliorating UA-induced HK-2 cell injury <em>in vitro</em> were first obtained by controlled enzymatic hydrolysis. Among them, KPHs with a high degree of hydrolysis (DH) showed relatively better activity in enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and inhibiting the release of cytokines. Utilizing a sophisticated amalgamation of peptidomics, multivariate statistical analysis, and the random forest model, we successfully screened 13 potential renoprotective peptides, among which VK (Val-Lys) had the highest abundance in Pap-H (prepared using Papain with a high DH). <em>In vitro</em> results revealed that VK protected UA-induced HK-2 cells from injury through antioxidant defense. <em>In vivo</em> results demonstrated that VK effectively ameliorated pathological renal injury in KI rats, partially restoring kidney function, as evidenced by significant reductions in serum UA and creatinine levels. Network pharmacology analysis of the underlying mechanisms further indicated that VK might exert renoprotective effects by regulating IL-17 and TNF signaling pathways. Remarkably, our study reveals that VK functions as a potent renoprotective peptide, which may partially account for the superior renoprotective efficacy observed in KPHs.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 13","pages":" 5616-5631"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lacticaseibacillus casei HY2782 improves the intestinal barrier and tract environment and ultimately prolongs the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans†","authors":"Won-Young Bae, Uyen Tran Tu Nguyen, Tram Anh Ngoc Le, Son Hung Tran, Sohyun Lee, Sung-Chul Hong, Kwang Hyun Cha, Il-Dong Choi and Kyungsu Kang","doi":"10.1039/D5FO01239B","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FO01239B","url":null,"abstract":"<p > <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> is widely used as a model for investigating longevity owing to its short life cycle and the presence of human orthologs. This study aimed to ultimately prolong the lifespan of <em>C. elegans</em> by evaluating the gastrointestinal tract conditions and intestinal permeability of <em>C. elegans</em> fed <em>Lacticaseibacillus casei</em> HY2782 alone or fermented fecal products. The anti-inflammatory effects of <em>L. casei</em> HY2782 were determined based on interleukin 8 (IL-8) levels and intestinal permeability in human intestinal epithelial cells. In the <em>C. elegans</em> model, intestinal permeability was assessed in the N2 wild-type as well as <em>skn-1</em>, <em>pmk-1</em>, <em>daf-16</em>, and <em>aak-2</em> mutant worms. During simulated colonic fecal fermentation, changes in short chain fatty acid and microbial composition were investigated. <em>L. casei</em> HY2782 reduced IL-8 production and intestinal permeability from 1646.8 to 1009.1 pg mL<small>⁻¹</small> and 265.5 to 115.1%, respectively (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01). Additionally, <em>L. casei</em> HY2872 attenuated intestinal leakage in <em>C. elegans</em> and prolonged its lifespan <em>via</em> the DAF-16/FOXO and SKN-1/NRF2 pathways and <em>gst-4</em> gene expression. Moreover, <em>L. casei</em> HY2782 inhibited intestinal leakage in aged worms. During fermentation, <em>L. casei</em> HY2782 produced butyrate under both normal and high-protein conditions. Additionally, <em>L. casei</em> HY2782 contributed to butyrate production by genera, such as <em>Faecalibacterium</em> and <em>Lachnospira</em> (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.01), while inhibiting <em>Fusobacterium</em> (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05). <em>L. casei</em> HY2782 also prolonged lifespan of intestinally damaged worms (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, <em>C. elegans</em> fed <em>L. casei</em> HY2782-fermented fecal products lived significantly longer than those fed the vehicle control (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Overall, <em>L. casei</em> HY2782 restored the intestinal tract by mitigating inflammation and microbial metabolic dysbiosis, ultimately extending the lifespan of <em>C. elegans</em>.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 14","pages":" 5871-5884"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/fo/d5fo01239b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144525534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of yak milk residue peptides for anti-hypoxic functional foods: targeting neuroinflammation and apoptosis in hypoxic mice†","authors":"Feiyan Yang, Zhang Luo, Zhongxing Chu, Zeyu He, Zuomin Hu, Guangfan Qu, Yaping Zhou, Yiping Tang, Shuguo Sun and Feijun Luo","doi":"10.1039/D5FO01223F","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FO01223F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The hypoxia-induced stress response constitutes a physiological disorder that poses a significant, life-threatening risk. This study aims to investigate the anti-hypoxic brain injury effects of peptides derived from yak milk residue and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Peptidomic analysis identified three bioactive peptides (YPFPGPIPN, PVVPPFLQPEVMGVSK, and T3-LVYPFPGPIPN (T3)) associated with anti-hypoxic activity. <em>In vitro</em> blood–brain barrier (BBB) modeling demonstrated that T3 exhibited significant time- and concentration-dependent permeability. Under hypoxic stress, T3 effectively inhibited neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that T3 mitigates hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation by regulating <small>L</small>-glutamine metabolism through the RAS/TNF-α/MAPK signaling pathway. These findings underscore the potential of yak milk residue-derived peptide (T3) as a neuroprotective agent against hypoxic injury. The insights gained from this research are instrumental in utilizing yak milk byproducts and developing functional foods with anti-hypoxia properties, thereby addressing the market needs of specific demographic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 13","pages":" 5632-5651"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144332077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strawberry as a health promoter: an evidence-based review. Where are we 10 years later?","authors":"Danila Cianciosi, Yasmany Armas Diaz, Zexiu Qi, Bei Yang, Ge Chen, Manuela Cassotta, Santos Gracia Villar, Luis Alonso Dzul Lopez, Lorenzo Rivas Garcia, Tamara Yuliet Forbes Hernandez, Di Zhang, Luca Mazzoni, Bruno Mezzetti, Maurizio Battino and Francesca Giampieri","doi":"10.1039/D5FO01888A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FO01888A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Strawberries are commonly consumed berries in the Mediterranean area. The fruits present a high concentration of micronutrients and bioactive compounds that confer a plethora of biological activities, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review discusses and updates the recent results of <em>in vivo</em> studies, in animals and humans, focusing on the impact that strawberry consumption has on many common human diseases, such as obesity, cancer, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic disorders; particular attention has been given to the biological effects and molecular mechanisms involved in the beneficial effects exerted by this berry. Evidence suggests these fruits can contribute to preventing or slowing down the progression of many diseases, even though further research is necessary to confirm their long-term effectiveness, to improve patients’ quality of life or prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 14","pages":" 5705-5732"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144537496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"d-Tagatose attenuates DSS-induced ulcerative colitis by inhibiting inflammation, reducing intestinal barrier damage and modulating the intestinal flora composition†","authors":"Le Wang, Houzhen Lu, Haitao Gui, Zifu Ni, Zhongke Sun, Zihua Wang, Zhihua Wang, Xuanyan Liu and Qipeng Yuan","doi":"10.1039/D4FO06475E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4FO06475E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a prevalent inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) posing a significant health threat. This study explored the protective effects of <small>D</small>-tagatose against DSS-induced colitis in mice and its underlying mechanisms using H&amp;E staining, AB-PAS staining, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, qPCR, western blotting, and other assays. <small>D</small>-Tagatose improved colitis by increasing body weight and colon length, with decreased DAI (disease activity index) and histopathological scores. The results showed that <small>D</small>-tagatose inhibited the secretion of myeloperoxidase (MPO), inflammatory enzymes (iNOS and COX-2) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) as well as increased the content of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) <em>in vitro</em>. In addition, <small>D</small>-tagatose enhanced the expression of tight junction proteins (ZO-1 and Occludin) and mucin (MUC-2). Furthermore, <small>D</small>-tagatose was able to modulate the gut microbiota dysbiosis caused by DSS-induced UC and increased the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). This study indicated that <small>D</small>-tagatose attenuated DSS-induced UC by modulating inflammatory cytokines, restoring intestinal barrier function, maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis, and enhancing SCFA production. These findings provide <small>D</small>-tagatose as a safe and effective novel functional food strategy for the prevention and treatment of UC.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 13","pages":" 5556-5572"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144315595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"2′-Fucosyllactose evokes colonization of Alloprevotella and alleviates renal injury in hyperuricemia mice†","authors":"Yifan Lei, Shuyan Sun, Liping Chen and Yongzhong Wang","doi":"10.1039/D5FO00580A","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D5FO00580A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Hyperuricemia (HUA) is a metabolic disease characterized by the overproduction of uric acid (UA) in the blood, with an increasing prevalence of associated renal injury. Intestinal microbiota and its associated metabolites are important mediators in the gut–kidney axis that can induce renal impairment. This study investigated the effect of 2′-fucosyllactose (2′FL) on HUA and its underlying mechanisms. In a hyperuricemic <em>Caenorhabditis elegans</em> model, 2′FL reduced the xanthine-induced UA levels and oxidative stress. In a HUA mice model induced with potassium oxonate and UA, 2′FL intervention (200 mg per kg body weight per d) improved UA metabolism and decreased the serum UA concentration, xanthine oxidase activity, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine levels. 2′FL also alleviated renal injury, inflammatory response and oxidative stress, as evidenced by the reduced lipopolysaccharide, interleukin-6, and malondialdehyde levels and myeloperoxidase activity and increased interleukin-10 level and total antioxidant capacity. 2′FL enhanced renal UA excretion by upregulating ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) expression and downregulating urate transporter 1 (URAT1) expression. It inhibited renal ferroptosis by restoring the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) pathway and alleviated renal injury. In the gut, 2′FL protected the intestinal barrier, increased fecal short-chain fatty acids, and modulated intestinal microbiota composition. In particular, it reversed the HUA-induced changes in the <em>Firmicutes</em>/<em>Bacteroidetes</em> ratio and affected the abundance of certain genera correlated with UA metabolism. These findings suggest that 2′FL is a potential natural agent for HUA treatment with multiple beneficial effects on metabolism, renal function, and gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 13","pages":" 5586-5600"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144323891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}