Feiyan Yang, Zhang Luo, Zhongxing Chu, Zeyu He, Zuomin Hu, Guangfan Qu, Yaping Zhou, Yiping Tang, Shuguo Sun and Feijun Luo
{"title":"Comprehensive analysis of yak milk residue peptides for anti-hypoxic functional foods: targeting neuroinflammation and apoptosis in hypoxic mice†","authors":"Feiyan Yang, Zhang Luo, Zhongxing Chu, Zeyu He, Zuomin Hu, Guangfan Qu, Yaping Zhou, Yiping Tang, Shuguo Sun and Feijun Luo","doi":"10.1039/D5FO01223F","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p >The hypoxia-induced stress response constitutes a physiological disorder that poses a significant, life-threatening risk. This study aims to investigate the anti-hypoxic brain injury effects of peptides derived from yak milk residue and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Peptidomic analysis identified three bioactive peptides (YPFPGPIPN, PVVPPFLQPEVMGVSK, and T3-LVYPFPGPIPN (T3)) associated with anti-hypoxic activity. <em>In vitro</em> blood–brain barrier (BBB) modeling demonstrated that T3 exhibited significant time- and concentration-dependent permeability. Under hypoxic stress, T3 effectively inhibited neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that T3 mitigates hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation by regulating <small>L</small>-glutamine metabolism through the RAS/TNF-α/MAPK signaling pathway. These findings underscore the potential of yak milk residue-derived peptide (T3) as a neuroprotective agent against hypoxic injury. The insights gained from this research are instrumental in utilizing yak milk byproducts and developing functional foods with anti-hypoxia properties, thereby addressing the market needs of specific demographic groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":77,"journal":{"name":"Food & Function","volume":" 13","pages":" 5632-5651"},"PeriodicalIF":5.1000,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Food & Function","FirstCategoryId":"97","ListUrlMain":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlelanding/2025/fo/d5fo01223f","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abstract
The hypoxia-induced stress response constitutes a physiological disorder that poses a significant, life-threatening risk. This study aims to investigate the anti-hypoxic brain injury effects of peptides derived from yak milk residue and elucidate their underlying mechanisms. Peptidomic analysis identified three bioactive peptides (YPFPGPIPN, PVVPPFLQPEVMGVSK, and T3-LVYPFPGPIPN (T3)) associated with anti-hypoxic activity. In vitro blood–brain barrier (BBB) modeling demonstrated that T3 exhibited significant time- and concentration-dependent permeability. Under hypoxic stress, T3 effectively inhibited neuronal inflammation and apoptosis. Integrated metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses revealed that T3 mitigates hypoxia-induced neuroinflammation by regulating L-glutamine metabolism through the RAS/TNF-α/MAPK signaling pathway. These findings underscore the potential of yak milk residue-derived peptide (T3) as a neuroprotective agent against hypoxic injury. The insights gained from this research are instrumental in utilizing yak milk byproducts and developing functional foods with anti-hypoxia properties, thereby addressing the market needs of specific demographic groups.
期刊介绍:
Food & Function provides a unique venue for physicists, chemists, biochemists, nutritionists and other food scientists to publish work at the interface of the chemistry, physics and biology of food. The journal focuses on food and the functions of food in relation to health.