Silicon最新文献

{"title":"Studies on Molecular Weight Distribution and Functional Properties of Oligo, Polymeric Carbosilanes in Pyrolysis Polycondensation of Polydimethylsilane","authors":"G. Santhana Krishnan,&nbsp;A. Keerthana,&nbsp;M. Shinan","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03363-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03363-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The evolution of molecular masses and their dispersity, functional properties of oligo and polymeric carbosilanes in an extended pyrolysis-polycondensation are investigated. The results reveal that the formation of two carbosilane fractions viz., oligo, polymeric carbosilanes, distinctively different in molecular structure with varying average molecular weights and dispersity (<i>725–2160 g/mol and 1580–4470 g/mol,</i> 2.83–3.0). Infrared and nuclear resonance data confirmed the structural formation as a function of process temperature, pressure and reaction time. Thermal data indicated that ceramic yield of oligo and polymeric carbosilane to be higher than 45% wt. and 60% wt. Solution viscometric measurements report that dynamic viscosity as <i>1.28–8.26</i> mPa.s and <i>4710 mPa.s</i> at 25 °C for PCS solution in dilute and high concentration regimes, respectively. Thermal and rheological studies established the desirable functional properties such as ceramic yield and rheological characteristics suitable for fiber spinning and resin matrix applications.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 11","pages":"2605 - 2617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of SiC Nanoparticles on the Microstructural and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Agro-Bio-Wastes (RHA–ESA) Reinforced T6 Heat Treated Al Hybrid Nanocomposite","authors":"Debashis Deb,&nbsp;Purna Chandra Mishra,&nbsp;Saranjit Singh","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03366-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03366-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the development of environmentally friendly aluminum hybrid nanocomposites by reinforcing Al 7075 alloy with rice husk ash (RHA), eggshell ash (ESA), and varying amounts of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles. The goal is to evaluate the effects of SiC concentration on the composites’ physical, mechanical, and microstructural properties, emphasizing the use of agricultural waste for sustainable innovation. The base matrix, Al 7075, was reinforced with 3.75 wt. % RHA and 1.25 wt. % ESA (75–100 microns), along with 0.5 to 2.5 wt. % of &lt; 80 nm SiC nanoparticles. Fabrication involved ultrasonic cavitation-assisted stir casting, followed by squeeze casting. Post-processing included solution treatment, quenching, and T6 aging. Density and porosity were measured using Archimedes’ principle and theoretical models. Mechanical testing covered hardness, tensile and yield strength, toughness, compressive and flexural strength. Microstructural evaluation employed optical microscopy, FESEM, EDAX, and XRD, while fracture analysis identified failure mechanisms. Results showed significant performance improvements with up to 2.5 wt. % SiC: hardness increased by 40%, tensile strength from 277 to 493 MPa, and toughness from 23 MJ/m3 to 48 MJ/m3. Improved particle dispersion, interfacial bonding, and grain refinement were observed, though porosity slightly increased at higher SiC content. Phase analysis confirmed the presence of Al, SiO₂, SiC, CaO, MgZn₂, and Mg₂Si. Fracture surfaces showed both ductile and brittle modes. The study demonstrates that using agro-waste with SiC nanoparticles can yield sustainable, high-performance aluminum composites.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 11","pages":"2581 - 2603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145144058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation on Degenerate Subbands Induced by Stress and Quantum Confinement in n-Type Silicon Junctionless Nanowire Transistor at Low Temperatures","authors":"Jingdi Hou,&nbsp;Liuhong Ma,&nbsp;Weihua Han","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03368-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03368-7","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Experimental evidence of one-dimensional multi-subband occupation was observed at low temperature of 6 K in single n-channel junctionless nanowire transistor, resulting in distinct current steps in transfer characteristics. Notably, the height of the first and fourth steps is half of that of the second and third steps, attributed to the formation of two sets of energy subbands with differing degeneracies in the confined channel. To further investigate, we constructed a three-dimensional fabrication process simulation model. Due to the volume expansion of silicon dioxide during oxidation, a stress distribution formed in the channel region. The compressive stresses along the vertical and longitudinal directions were relatively high, reaching 120 MPa and 71 MPa, respectively. We quantified the subbands structure by considering both stress-induced degeneracy splitting and confinement-induced subbands splitting. Under the dual influence of stress and quantum confinement, two-fold and four-fold degenerate subbands are formed within the nanowire channel. The energy level spacings of each subband exhibited good agreement with experimental data. Additionally, the conductance steps disappear at 30 K, where the corresponding phonon energy matches the theoretically calculated subbands energy spacing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 11","pages":"2573 - 2580"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143688","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of a Multifunctional Silicone Oil Exhibiting High-Temperature Resistance and Its Application in High-Temperature Resistant Lubricating Oil","authors":"Zhaoqun Pan,&nbsp;Changxin Cai,&nbsp;Rende liu","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03367-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03367-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Due to the inability of traditional hydrocarbon-based lubricants to withstand high operating temperatures, this study aims to synthesize silicone oils working as lubricants suitable for application in high-temperature environments. In this study, molecular structure design was utilized to incorporate three functional groups—phenyl, trifluoropropyl, and dodecyl—into the main chain of siloxanes, culminating in the successful preparation of multifunctional group-modified silicone oil (PMPFAS). The products were characterised by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) to examine the impact of the functional group ratio on the thermal stability of the modified silicone oils. PMPFAS was then compounded with hydrocarbon base oil to assess its compatibility, and the lubrication performance of the composite system was evaluated using a four-ball friction and wear tester. The findings indicated that employing the native polymerization process (a solvent-free system) with tetramethyldihydrodisiloxane (MM^H) as a capping agent and an acidic cation-exchange resin catalyst at a dosage of 6 parts per hundred resin (phr) enabled the production of clarified and transparent target products. At a Ph/Si ratio of 1:11, F/Si of 1:36.3, and A/Si of 1:19.2, the PMPFAS demonstrated excellent thermal stability, with a 5% weight loss occurring at 394.5 °C. The introduction of a dodecyl group improved the compatibility between the PMPFAS and the base oil. The composite system exhibited a low friction coefficient of 0.08, and the steel ball surface was smooth, with a regular and discernible abrasion pattern. These results indicate that synthetic multifunctional modified silicone oils hold significant promise as high-performance lubricants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 11","pages":"2559 - 2572"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Silicon Nanoparticles Enhance Arsenic Stress Tolerance in Cicer arietinum L. through Physiological and Biochemical Modulation","authors":"Tauseef Anwar,&nbsp;Huma Qureshi,&nbsp;Sheraz Gull,&nbsp;Zahoor Ahmad,&nbsp;Ejaz Hussain Siddiqi,&nbsp;Naimat Ullah,&nbsp;Muhammad Tahir Naseem,&nbsp;Muneera A. Saleh,&nbsp;Khalid H. Alamer,&nbsp;Lala Gurbanova","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03369-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03369-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Arsenic contamination poses a significant threat to agricultural productivity and food security, especially in <i>Cicer arietinum</i> L. (chickpea). This study evaluates the potential of silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) to mitigate arsenic stress in <i>C. arietinum</i> (Noor 2022). The experiment was conducted at The Islamia University of Bahawalpur using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with a factorial arrangement and three replications. A pot experiment was conducted using seven treatments comprising various concentrations of SiNPs applied alone or combined with arsenic [T0 (control, no SiNPs), T1 (3.5% SiNPs), T2 (7% SiNPs), T3 (10.5% SiNPs), T4 (3.5% SiNPs + 30 ppm Ar), T5 (7% SiNPs + 30 ppm Ar), and T6 (10.5% SiNPs + 30 ppm Ar)]. SiNPs were applied as foliar sprays in three splits from the second to fourth weeks after sowing. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters were assessed, including chlorophyll content, total soluble proteins, proline, and antioxidant enzyme activities. The results demonstrated that SiNPs significantly enhanced stress tolerance in chickpea plants. At 10.5% SiNPs, chlorophyll content increased by 35%, carotenoids by 42%, and proline by 68% compared to arsenic-stressed plants without SiNPs, indicating improved photosynthetic efficiency and osmotic adjustment. Antioxidant enzyme activities, including peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), increased by 50%, 47%, and 53%, respectively, mitigating oxidative damage. Soluble sugars and phenolic content also rose by 28% and 32%, respectively, under 10.5% SiNPs. However, when combined with arsenic, some antagonistic effects were observed, with a slight decrease in chlorophyll and antioxidant activity compared to SiNPs alone. These findings suggest that SiNPs are a promising tool for improving crop resilience in arsenic-contaminated soils, offering insights into sustainable agricultural practices. Further research is warranted to explore long-term impacts and optimize application strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 11","pages":"2545 - 2558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Culture Conditions for the Solubilization of Silicate Minerals by Bacillus spp. Using Response Surface Methodology","authors":"Gajendiran Manimaran,&nbsp;Selvi Duraisamy,&nbsp;Anandham Rangasamy,&nbsp;Thiyageshwari Subramanium,&nbsp;Senthil Alagarsamy,&nbsp;Prabhaharan James,&nbsp;Deepana Perumal,&nbsp;Jegan Periakaruppan","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03358-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03358-9","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silicon is an essential mineral that plays a crucial role in increasing plant growth, improving crop yields, and imparting resilience against environmental stresses. This study explored the silicate solubilization potential of <i>Achromobacter</i> sp. L1C9T2, <i>Bacillus altitudinis</i> L3C3T2, <i>Bacillus safensis</i> L5C13T, <i>Bacillus altitudinis</i> SSB4, and <i>Priestia aryabhattai</i> KSBN2K7 using three silicate minerals, magnesium trisilicate (MGT), quartz (QT), and bentonite (BT). Both qualitative and quantitative assessments revealed that the maximum silicate solubilization was exhibited by <i>Bacillus altitudinis</i> SSB4 (87.71%) and <i>Priestia aryabhattai</i> KSBN2K7 (85.65%) from MGT and QT. Silicate solubilization was negatively correlated (-0.715) with decreasing pH after 24 h, which was attributed to organic acids, as confirmed by GC‒MS analysis. The optimization of culture conditions, including pH, temperature, and carbon sources, revealed that a pH of 7, an incubation temperature of 30 °C, and 1% dextrose enhanced silicate solubilization. The structural alteration of silicates induced by bacterial activity was validated through FT-IR spectroscopy. Statistical modeling using response surface methodology revealed optimal conditions for maximizing silicate solubilization, with R² values of 0.9941 and 0.9304 for magnesium trisilicate and 0.9855 and 0.9675 for quartz, and inoculation with SSB4 and KSBN2K7 indicated strong predictive accuracy. These results highlight the promising use of <i>Bacillus altitudinis</i> SSB4 and <i>Priestia aryabhattai</i> KSBN2K7 as potent silicate-solubilizing bioinoculants to increase plant growth and agricultural productivity.</p><h3>Graphical Abstract</h3>\u0000<div><figure><div><div><picture><source><img></source></picture></div></div></figure></div></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 11","pages":"2525 - 2543"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-embedded silicon nanoparticle-based films for transparent luminescent solar concentrators","authors":"Rosendo Lopez-Delgado,&nbsp;Manuel de J. Fimbres-Romero,&nbsp;Dainet Berman-Mendoza,&nbsp;Mario E. Álvarez-Ramos","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03361-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03361-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) were synthetized and employed in self-embedded films as luminophore to fabricate transparent luminescent solar concentrators (SiNPLSCs). The nanoparticles were obtained from the reduction of (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane (APTES) by sodium ascorbate. Besides the reduction of APTES into SiNPs, a silicate matrix host is obtained and further employed as the nanoparticles support for the photoluminescent film. The SiNPs exhibit absorption below 450 nm extending to the ultraviolet region; while emitting in broad bands from 400 to 650 nm, whose maximum depends on the excitation wavelength. The as-synthesized solution containing both the SiNPs and the matrix host was deployed directly on glass substrates to create the SiNPLSCs. The devices present high transparencies with transmittances above 85% over the visible region, producing average visible transmission (AVT) values of 88.78% and great color rendering index (CRI) of 98.26. The photoluminescent properties of the SiNPLSCs were measured at the edges of the devices under different excitation wavelengths and solar simulated light. The LSCs were physically attached to commercial silicon solar cells (PV) to study the photovoltaic performance of the LSC-PV systems. According to I-V measurements under solar simulated light, the SiNPLSC-PV system showed power conversion efficiency of 0.97% and optical efficiency of 1.04%. These results are significant since the device presents high transparency with a feasible and attractive fabrication method, properties that are desired for their incorporation as building integrated photovoltaics and photovoltaic windows.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 11","pages":"2499 - 2508"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145143106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: Coupling Effects of Silicon and Calcium Foliar Application and Potassium Soil Fertilization on Growth and Yield Production of Cotton Plants Under Drought Stress Conditions","authors":"Hossam S. El-Beltagi,&nbsp;Essam Abdelaziz El-Waraky,&nbsp;Mohammed I. Al-Daej,&nbsp;Kholoud Ahmed El-Naqma,&nbsp;Adel A. Rezk,&nbsp;Medhat G. Zoghdan,&nbsp;Mohamed M. El-Mogy,&nbsp;Mohamed Fathi El-Nady,&nbsp;Ahmed Mahmoud Ismail,&nbsp;Metwaly Mahfouz Salem Metwaly","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03354-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03354-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 10","pages":"2247 - 2247"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Layer by Layer Assembled Silica and Cardanol Epoxy Modified Durable Cotton Fabric for Oil–Water Separation Application","authors":"Srinithi Jeyachandran,&nbsp;Prabunathan Pichaimani,&nbsp;Selvakumar Gopalsamy,&nbsp;Thirumarimurugan Marimuthu","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03347-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03347-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Here, two types of silicates (ex-situ SBA-15 and in-situ SiO₂) were employed along with cardanol epoxy (CE) separately to perform the organic–inorganic hybrid coating over cotton via layer by layer (LBL) approach and compared. The silicates were preferred as primary layer along with silane cross-linkers and CE as a secondary layer for the first time. Surface studies shows the importance of both type of silicates as primary layer to achieve the desired superhydrophobicity along with secondary CE layer. Among the silicates, the in-situ SiO₂/CE has offered slightly higher water contact angle (WCA-156°) compared to ex-situ SBA-15/CE (WCA-152°). Finally, both LBL assembled ex situ 7% SBA-15/CE and in-situ 7% SiO₂/CE were tested for their separation behaviour using petrol-water mixture. The separating efficiency for both systems were greater than 99.5%, while in case of flux in-situ 7% SiO₂/CE fabric dominates (18,500 L/m²h). The retention of porous texture of cotton while using the in-situ SiO₂ coating enables superior flux nature. Thus, the outcomes of the present work enable more future research in order to explore different inorganic additives and bio-based polymers towards commercialization of cotton fabric membranes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 11","pages":"2509 - 2524"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural Characterization and Hydrothermal Ageing Resistance of Rice Husk Silica-Doped Alumina Toughened Zirconia Biocomposite","authors":"Ashutosh Gupta,&nbsp;Vaibhav Pandey,&nbsp;Satyendra Kumar Singh,&nbsp;Mayank Kumar Yadav,&nbsp;Manas Ranjan Majhi","doi":"10.1007/s12633-025-03353-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s12633-025-03353-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study investigates the influence of amorphous and crystalline silica derived from rice husk (RH), a sustainable agricultural waste, on the phase composition, microstructure, hydrothermal ageing resistance, mechanical properties, and biocompatibility of Alumina Toughened Zirconia (ATZ) biocomposites. The research supports the bio-circular economy by valorizing rice husk-derived silica as a functional additive in high-performance ceramics. Comprehensive characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical testing, hydrothermal ageing, and in vitro bioactivity assessments. Results show that both amorphous and crystalline silica improve ageing resistance, with 1 wt% RHA-derived silica yielding optimal mechanical and ageing properties in both cases. However, amorphous silica outperforms crystalline silica in enhancing flexural strength due to enhanced compaction. At concentrations beyond 1 wt%, a decline in mechanical performance is observed, although ageing resistance remains improved due to the formation of a protective glassy phase. This work highlights the comparative advantages of amorphous silica and reinforces the viability of RH-derived materials in advancing bio-circular and eco-friendly ceramic technologies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":776,"journal":{"name":"Silicon","volume":"17 11","pages":"2457 - 2467"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2025-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145142992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}