Aging Clinical and Experimental Research最新文献

{"title":"The association between the number of teeth and frailty among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Xiao-Ming Zhang,&nbsp;Simin Cao,&nbsp;Liting Teng,&nbsp;Xiaohua Xie,&nbsp;Xinjuan Wu","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03053-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03053-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tooth loss is common among the elderly and often correlates with aging. Existing studies on the link between tooth loss and frailty in older adults yield inconsistent results. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to clarify the relationship.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted to find observational studies on tooth count and frailty in older adults. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran’s Q and I² statistics, and subgroup analyses identified factors influencing outcomes. Publication bias and sensitivity analysis confirmed result stability.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>From 1,903 articles, 22 comprising 25 studies with 36,406 participants were included. The meta-analysis showed a pooled odds ratio (OR) of 0.98 (95% CI: 0.97 − 0.99) for tooth count and frailty. Individuals with 20 or fewer teeth had a higher risk of frailty (pooled OR = 1.99, 95% CI: 1.57 − 2.53). The highest frailty risk was observed in Japan (pooled OR = 3.02), followed by China (2.27), the UK and USA (1.90), and other regions (1.25). Subgroup analyses revealed no significant differences by country, study design, setting, adjustment model, or frailty assessment tool (<i>P</i> &gt; 0.05).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>There is a significant association between tooth count and frailty, particularly in those with 20 or fewer teeth. Policymakers should prioritize oral health within aging populations by promoting early preventive care and education to mitigate frailty risk. Robust, large-scale studies are needed to guide evidence-based interventions and public health policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03053-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of serum irisin, 25(OH)D3 and albumin in older adults with chronic disease and sarcopenia","authors":"Yuxia Ma,&nbsp;Yi Liu,&nbsp;Jiachuang Zheng,&nbsp;Zhixia Zheng,&nbsp;Jingjing Li","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03051-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03051-2","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive muscle mass and strength decline, poses a significant health challenge among older adults, especially those with chronic diseases. Our study aims to evaluate the combined diagnostic potential of irisin, 25(OH)D3, and albumin for sarcopenia in older patients with chronic conditions.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A cohort of 393 older patients with chronic diseases, including 117 diagnosed with sarcopenia were included. Fasting blood samples were collected, and serum biomarkers (25(OH)D3, albumin, and irisin) were measured using automated biochemical analyzers and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to evaluate nutritional and muscle-related parameters.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of sarcopenia was higher among patients aged 80 or older compared to younger age groups in our study population. Strong associations were observed between sarcopenia and osteoporosis, tumors, and risk of malnutrition. Serum irisin, 25(OH)D3, and albumin levels were significantly lower in sarcopenic patients. Individual biomarkers displayed diagnostic potential, and a combined biomarker test showed superior accuracy. Multivariate logistic regression identified age, osteoporosis, malnutrition, and fatigue as independent risk factors, while higher serum biomarker levels correlated with reduced sarcopenia risk. Positive correlations were observed between serum biomarkers and sarcopenia severity indicators.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study highlights the potential of irisin, 25(OH)D3, and albumin as diagnostic and prognostic tools for sarcopenia in older patients with chronic diseases, contributing to early detection and intervention strategies to enhance their quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03051-2.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting brain health in subjective cognitive decline: insights from a multidomain randomized controlled trial","authors":"Elena Rolandi,&nbsp;Alessandra Dodich,&nbsp;Sara Mandelli,&nbsp;Nicola Canessa,&nbsp;Clarissa Ferrari,&nbsp;Federica Ribaldi,&nbsp;Giulio Munaretto,&nbsp;Claudia Ambrosi,&nbsp;Roberto Gasparotti,&nbsp;Davide Violi,&nbsp;Sandro Iannaccone,&nbsp;Alessandra Marcone,&nbsp;Andrea Falini,&nbsp;Giovanni B. Frisoni,&nbsp;Samantha Galluzzi,&nbsp;Chiara Cerami,&nbsp;Enrica Cavedo","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03062-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03062-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Multidomain lifestyle interventions are a promising approach to prevent cognitive decline, but their effects in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) remain controversial. We investigated the effects of lifestyle interventions on cognition and brain integrity in these at-risk individuals.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>One-hundred twenty-eight older adults with SCD were randomly assigned to either Active Control Intervention (ACI), i.e. health education; Partial Intervention (PI), i.e. tramiprosate supplementation (100 mg/die) and dietary advice; or Multilevel Intervention (MI), i.e. PI <i>plus</i> computerized cognitive training and physical exercise, for one year. Neuropsychological assessment and MRI were performed at baseline and at 1-year follow-up. Analyses of covariance were used to measure the effects of interventions on predefined outcomes.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The MI group significantly improved in attention-executive functioning (p = 0.003) compared to ACI (Cohen’s d: 0.47, 95% CI 0.13–0.79). In addition, depressive symptoms (Cohen’s d: – 0.48, 95% C.I. – 0.81 to – 0.14) and memory concerns (Cohen’s d: – 0.77, 95% C.I. – 1.12 to – 0.41) decreased in the MI and PI respectively, relative to the ACI. The MI group also showed increased resting-state (i.e., intrinsic) brain activity in the right fronto-parietal executive network. No significant intervention effects on brain structural or vascular outcomes were found.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The study shows that a multidomain lifestyle intervention can enhance attention-executive function, ameliorate depressive symptoms and increase functional connectivity in SCD. These findings support the role of lifestyle interventions in public health strategies to mitigate cognitive decline risk.</p><h3>Trial registration</h3><p>The trial has been registered at the United States National Library of Medicine at the National Institutes of Health Registry of Clinical Trials under the code NCT04744922 on December 9th, 2017 (https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03382353).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03062-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143944333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The associations between cerebral microhemorrhages and cognitive decline across Alzheimer’s continuum","authors":"Homayoon Khaledian,&nbsp;Ali Julaee Rad,&nbsp;Pardis Barjisi,&nbsp;Parsa Saberian,&nbsp;Mehrdad Mozafar,&nbsp;Sahar Ghahramani,&nbsp;Mohammad Sadeghi,&nbsp;Mahsa Mayeli,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Amin Alavi,&nbsp;Soorin Berenjian,&nbsp;Shaghayegh Karami,&nbsp;Mohadeseh Andalibian","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02988-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02988-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the associations between cerebral microhemorrhages (CMH) and cognitive decline across the Alzheimer’s dementia continuum.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Using the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, we studied 619 participants, categorized into 221 cognitively normal (CN) participants, 281 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 117 patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). CMH prevalence and distribution were determined using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), focusing on the frontal, occipital, and parietal subcortical regions of interest (ROIs).Clinical dementia rating scale sum of boxes (CDR-SB) and mini-mental state examination (MMSE) were used for diagnosis and composite cognitive scores regarding visuospatial abilities, language, memory, and executive functions were used as outcome variables. Age, gender, and APOE ε4 positivity status were used as covariates.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The AD group displayed significantly elevated tau and P-tau levels compared to MCI and CN groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). APOE ε4 positivity was 67.5% in the AD group, surpassing the 50.2% in MCI and 29% in CN individuals (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Cognitive assessments revealed that the AD group’s CDR-SB score and MMSE both significantly differed from these scores in the MCI and CN groups (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). Overall, CMH prevalence was 27.7%, with a predominant distribution in the frontal subcortical ROIs. MCI subjects with CMH showed notably diminished ADNI Visuospatial Composite Scores compared to those without CMH. Age significantly predicted CMH in CN and MCI (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). In AD participants, APOE ε4 heterozygotes (<i>p</i> = 0.02) and homozygotes (<i>p</i> = 0.01) hadincreased CMH likelihood.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>CMHs are significantly associated with cognitive decline in patients with MCI. This association is more prominent in regard to the decline in visuospatial abilities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02988-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cost-effectiveness of opportunistic osteoporosis screening using chest radiographs with deep learning in Germany","authors":"Jean-Yves Reginster,&nbsp;Ralf Schmidmaier,&nbsp;Majed Alokail,&nbsp;Mickael Hiligsmann","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03048-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03048-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Osteoporosis is often underdiagnosed due to limitations in traditional screening methods, leading to missed early intervention opportunities. AI-driven screening using chest radiographs could improve early detection, reduce fracture risk, and improve public health outcomes.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>To assess the cost-effectiveness of deep learning models (hereafter referred to as AI-driven) applied to chest radiographs for opportunistic osteoporosis screening in German women aged 50 and older.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A decision tree and microsimulation Markov model were used to calculate the cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained (€2024) for screening with AI-driven chest radiographs followed by treatment, compared to no screening and treatment. Patient pathways were based on AI model accuracy and German osteoporosis guidelines. Women with a fracture risk below 5% received no treatment, those with 5–10% risk received alendronate, and women 65 + with a risk above 10% received sequential treatment starting with romosozumab. Data was validated by a German clinical expert, incorporating real-world treatment persistence, DXA follow-up rates, and treatment initiation. Sensitivity analyses assessed parameter uncertainty.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The cost per QALY gained from screening was €13,340, far below the typical cost-effectiveness threshold of €60,000. Optimizing follow-up, treatment initiation, and medication adherence further improved cost-effectiveness, with dominance achievable by halving medication non-persistence, and in women aged 50–64.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>AI-driven chest radiographs for opportunistic osteoporosis screening is a cost-effective strategy for German women aged 50+, with the potential to significantly improve public health outcomes, reduce fracture burdens and address healthcare disparities. Policymakers and clinicians should consider implementing this scalable and cost-effective screening strategy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03048-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global, regional, and national trends in peripheral arterial disease among older adults: findings from the global burden of disease study 2021","authors":"Xiaohan Qiu,&nbsp;Ben Hu,&nbsp;Jiahan Ke,&nbsp;Min Wang,&nbsp;Huasu Zeng,&nbsp;Jun Gu","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03037-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03037-0","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Importance</h3><p>Lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a significant health concern among older adults globally, affecting both mortality and quality of life.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To evaluate the temporospatial trends and its risk factors in lower extremity PAD-related burden among adults aged 60 years and older from 1990 to 2021.</p><h3>Design, setting, and participants</h3><p>This repeated cross-sectional study utilized data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021, encompassing 204 countries and territories. The study population included adults aged 60 years and older.</p><h3>Exposure</h3><p>Lower extremity PAD among older adults from January 1990 to December 2021.</p><h3>Main outcomes and measures</h3><p>Primary outcomes included age-standardized prevalence rates (ASPR), mortality rates (ASMR), disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs). Trends were analyzed by age, sex, and sociodemographic index (SDI). Joinpoint regression analysis was used to identify significant trend changes.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>From 1990 to 2021, global trends showed decreases in lower extremity PAD-related prevalence, mortality, and DALYs. Significant geographical disparities were observed: high-SDI regions had the highest prevalence (11,171.66 per 100,000 in 2021) but showed declining trends (AAPC, -0.74; 95% CI, -0.80 to -0.68), while low-SDI regions had the lowest prevalence (4,842.40 per 100,000) but demonstrated increasing trends (AAPC, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.24). Regionally, although lower extremity PAD-related prevalence showed a decreasing trend in most regions from 1990 to 2021, there were still some regions with an increasing trend (North Africa and Middle East AAPC, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.59). Temporal analysis showed sex-specific divergent trends in recent years, with males exhibiting an upward trend since 2015 (APC, 0.15; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.24), while females showed a slowed decline since 2014 (APC, -0.06; 95% CI, -0.12 to -0.01). Decomposition analysis identified population growth as the primary driver of PAD burden increase, with epidemiological changes showing contrasting effects across SDI regions. Among risk factors, high fasting glucose emerged as the leading contributor, while smoking’s contribution decreased.</p><h3>Conclusions and relevance</h3><p>This study revealed significant disparities in lower extremity PAD burden across different SDI levels and regions, with low-SDI countries facing an increasing burden. The contrasting trends between high- and low-SDI regions, coupled with varying risk factor patterns (particularly the rise in high fasting glucose and decline in smoking), suggest the need for targeted interventions in resource-limited settings to address this growing health challenge among older adults.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03037-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Language, literacy, and sensory impairments and missing cognitive test scores in the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study","authors":"Alden L. Gross,&nbsp;Ying Liu,&nbsp;Yuan S. Zhang,&nbsp;Yaohui Zhao,&nbsp;Chihua Li,&nbsp;Erik Meijer,&nbsp;Jinkook Lee,&nbsp;Lindsay C. Kobayashi","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03039-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03039-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The potentially biasing impacts of low language fluency, illiteracy, and sensory impairments on cognitive test performance are unknown, which may have implications for understanding their roles in cognitive decline and dementia.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>We investigated effects of these features on cognitive test item completion and performance among older adults in China, a multilingual country with high prevalence of illiteracy and sensory impairment.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used cognitive test data from the Harmonized Cognitive Assessment Protocol of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study conducted in 2018 (N = 9755, age 60 + years). We first tested associations of fluency in spoken Mandarin, literacy, and sensory impairment (hearing and vision) with missingness of cognitive items. We then tested for differential item functioning (DIF) in observed cognitive items by these features.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>We observed high levels of missing data in most cognitive test items – on average 13% and as high as 65%. Low fluency in spoken Mandarin, illiteracy, and impairments in hearing and vision were each associated with greater odds of missingness on nearly all tests. Partly because of differential missingness, there was minimal evidence of DIF by these features in items in which we expected a priori to find DIF (e.g., repetition of a spoken phrase among those with hearing impairment). Several cognitive test items exhibited statistically significant DIF, however there was minimal evidence of meaningful DIF.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Differential missingness in cognitive items by spoken language, literacy, and sensory impairments is potentially more of an inferential threat than measurement differences in test items.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03039-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflections on the implementation of the Italian guidelines on comprehensive geriatric assesment for the older persons","authors":"Alberto Castagna,&nbsp;Giovanni Ruotolo,&nbsp;Margherita Azzini,&nbsp;Pierangelo Lora Aprile,&nbsp;Nicola Vanacore,&nbsp;Alberto Pilotto,&nbsp;Nicola Veronese","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03036-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03036-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>A fundamental phase in the life of new Guidelines is the implementation, which responds to the need to facilitate their adoption with interventions and procedures of proven effectiveness to increase their impact on public health. The implementation should follow a scientific method, and therefore shares many characteristics and the rigorous approach of clinical research. However, it differs in purposes, methods, and aims by addressing factors that include identifying and resolving barriers and facilitators in the adoption of evidence-based clinical innovations. The use of comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) can be facilitated by technological tools, with the possibility of early diagnosis of several chronic conditions, monitoring and management of the diseases typical of older people and, finally, to personalized care and optimization of healthcare resources. However, remote CGA also has limitations, including technology requirements, data security/privacy, and the need for comprehensive evaluation and simplicity. In this document we present the history and the model of implementation of the Italian guidelines on CGA in older persons. The standardization of CGA in older adults across different settings is particularly important in countries like Italy, that have among the oldest world population and where broader implementation of CGA, also outside traditional geriatric settings, has become a health priority that cannot longer be delayed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03036-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143938548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment and validation of early prediction model for post-stroke dysphagia","authors":"Chunyan Lu,&nbsp;Yao Zhou,&nbsp;Yufei Shen,&nbsp;Yun Wang,&nbsp;Shuxia Qian","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03060-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03060-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, with dysphagia being a common complication that worsens patient outcomes.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Data from 200 stroke patients (development cohort) and 50 stroke patients (validation cohort) were analyzed to develop a nomogram for predicting post-stroke dysphagia (PSD). Risk factors were identified through univariate analysis, Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression, and multivariate logistic regression.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Univariate analysis revealed substantial differences in age, body mass index (BMI), diabetes, atrial fibrillation, National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score, lesion site, stroke type, and several laboratory indicators across the groups. Further analysis of individual NIHSS items showed significant differences in consciousness level, best gaze, facial palsy, motor arm, motor leg, dysarthria, etc. LASSO regression identified three predictors: ADL score, motor leg, and dysarthria. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that ADL score [0.96 (0.94–0.97)], motor leg [5.70 (2.14–15.22)], and dysarthria [5.26 (2.00–13.82)] were independent risk factors for PSD. The prediction model’s AUC was 0.915 (0.874–0.955), with a sensitivity of 0.920 (0.867–0.973), specificity of 0.800 (0.722–0.878), positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.821 (0.750–0.892), negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.909 (0.849–0.969), and F1 score of 0.859. External validation yielded an AUC of 0.995 (0.984–1.000).</p><h3>Conclusions and Implications</h3><p>ADL score, motor leg, and dysarthria are independent predictors of PSD. The prediction model based on these factors shows high accuracy, sensitivity, balance, consistency, and clinical applicability. This nomogram can support decision-making for ultra-early rehabilitation care, ultimately improving patient prognosis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03060-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143932309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The U-curve associations of birth interval with prevalence of osteoarthritis in postmenopausal women","authors":"Long Chen,&nbsp;Feng Gao,&nbsp;Xin Wang,&nbsp;Wenjing Fan,&nbsp;Xuyan Shen,&nbsp;Jiajia Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03057-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03057-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To explore associations of birth interval, age at first birth (AFB), age at last birth (ALB) with prevalence of osteoarthritis (OA) in United States (U.S.) postmenopausal women with two deliveries.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Cross-sectional analysis of 3088 postmenopausal women with two deliveries from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999–2018). Weighted multivariable logistic regression, subgroup analysis and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to examine association of reproductive factors (birth interval, AFB and ALB) with OA risk.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The prevalence of OA was 30.6%. According to RCS, we found the U-shaped relationships were observed between AFB, ALB, birth interval and risk or OA in postmenopausal women. 24–25 years for AFB, 25–30 years for ALB, and 4–6 years for birth interval were associated with lowest OA risk. These associations persisted across various subgroups.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>AFB, ALB and birth interval shown the U-shaped associations with OA prevalence in postmenopausal women with two deliveries. These findings highlight the potential long-term impacts of reproductive history on musculoskeletal health and may inform strategies for OA prevention in U.S. postmenopausal women.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03057-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143925704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}