Aging Clinical and Experimental Research最新文献

{"title":"Cystatin-c / total cholesterol ratio as a predictor of probable sarcopenia in geriatric population from 12 European countries","authors":"Rizwan Qaisar,&nbsp;M. Azhar Hussain,&nbsp;Asima Karim,&nbsp;Firdos Ahmad,&nbsp;Atif Awad,&nbsp;Mohammed Alsaeed,&nbsp;Shaea A. Alkahtani","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03007-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03007-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>A low handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with several diseases in older adults. However, predictive biomarkers of future low HGS are poorly known. We investigated the prognostic efficacy of the ratio of plasma cystatin-c and total cholesterol (CT ratio) levels for predicting future low HGS in Europe.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The data was collected from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) between 2015 and 2021-22. The study participants were geriatric adults aged 50 or above (<i>n</i> = 17,698) from 12 European countries. The baseline data in 2015 included the measurements of CT ratio from participants with normal HGS. The participants who developed low HGS in subsequent years were included. We also investigated the quality of life, difficulties performing daily activities, and several comorbidities in the study population.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In a multivariate-adjusted model, male gender, advancing age, poor quality of life, difficulties performing daily activities, and the presence of depression, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, and osteoarthritis were associated with a higher risk of developing low HGS. CT ratio exhibited significant prognostic accuracy for low HGS among men and women aged 60–79, irrespective of the quality of life, degree of depression, difficulties performing daily activities, and the presence of comorbidities, including depression, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease, and osteoarthritis.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Collectively, the CT ratio exhibits adequate prognostic accuracy for low HGS, which is not significantly affected by comorbidities and functional limitations. Our findings have clinical and policy implications in timely identifying older adults at risk of developing low HGS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03007-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive reserve can impact trajectories in ageing: a longitudinal study","authors":"Sonia Montemurro,&nbsp;Raffaella Ida Rumiati,&nbsp;Veronica Pucci,&nbsp;Massimo Nucci,&nbsp;Sara Mondini","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03000-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03000-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Trajectories of decline from healthy aging to dementia are not linear; they may range from a more attenuated to a more accelerated cognitive worsening. This longitudinal study investigates the impact of Cognitive Reserve (CR) on task performance in a cohort of 117 individuals (mean age 74.89; SD = 7.43) who experienced difficulties in everyday life and referred to a neuropsychology unit for cognitive assessment. Only participants assessed three times were included in the study. CR was estimated for each participant based on educational level and occupational complexity. Results revealed a general decline in global cognitive performance over time, in particular from the second to the final assessment (mean years = 2.95 ± 2.11). The two groups (high CR vs. low CR) did not differ for sex or age across assessments. Individuals with high CR not only exhibited greater cognitive efficiency at baseline—consistent with Stern’s (2009) construct—but also maintained a more stable cognitive state over time compared to those with low CR. Post-hoc analyses confirmed that while the two groups did not differ in task performance between the first and the second assessment, they significantly differed from the second to the third. Individuals with high CR (even those who were diagnosed with a major neurocognitive disorder) preserved their cognitive profile whereas the profile of those with low CR declined significantly. This study demonstrates that cognitive trajectories are shaped by CR and that, despite the plausible progression of brain deterioration, individuals with high CR may not experience an accelerated cognitive deterioration. Instead, they may exhibit a more gradual decline and sustain cognitive functioning for a longer period despite age-related changes.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03000-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143632536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between gut microbiota and accelerated aging and frailty: a Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Zhiliang Yan,&nbsp;Guoyu Guan,&nbsp;Hanqi Jia,&nbsp;Hanyu Li,&nbsp;Sangdan Zhuoga,&nbsp;Songbai Zheng","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02971-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02971-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The recent observational studies have unveiled the correlation between the composition and dynamic alterations of the gut microbiome and aging; however, the causal relationship remains uncertain.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>The objective of this study is to investigate the causal relationship between the gut microbiome and accelerated aging as well as frailty, from a genetic perspective.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We obtained data on the gut microbiome, intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration, and Frailty Index from published large-scale genome-wide association studies. A two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted primarily using inverse variance weighting model. We utilized the MR-Egger intercept analysis, IVW method, the Cochran Q test, and the leave-one-out analysis to assess the robustness of the results.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>IVW analysis indicated a potential association between Peptococcus (OR: 1.231, 95% CI 1.013–1.497, <i>P</i> = 0.037), Dialister (OR: 1.447, 95% CI 1.078–1.941, <i>P</i> = 0.014) and Subdoligranulum (OR: 1.538, 95% CI 1.047–2.257, <i>P</i> = 0.028) with intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration; while Prevotella 7 (OR: 0.792, 95% CI 0.672–0.935, <i>P</i> = 0.006) was associated with a potential protective effect. Allisonella (OR: 1.033, 95% CI 1.005–1.063, <i>P</i> = 0.022), Howardella (OR: 1.026, 95% CI 1.002–1.050, <i>P</i> = 0.031) and Eubacterium coprostanoligenes (OR: 1.037, 95% CI 1.001–1.073, <i>P</i> = 0.042) were associated with an increased risk of frailty; conversely, Flavonifractor (OR: 0.954, 95% CI 0.920–0.990, <i>P</i> = 0.012) and Victivallis (OR: 0.984, 95% CI 0.968-1.000, <i>P</i> = 0.049) appeared to exhibit a potential protective effect against frailty.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The findings of this study provide further evidence for the genetic correlation between gut microbiota and accelerated aging as well as frailty, enhancing the understanding of the role of gut microbiota in aging-related processes. However, the underlying mechanisms and potential clinical applications require further investigation before any targeted interventions can be developed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02971-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The efficacy of Sarcomeal® oral supplementation plus vitamin D3 on muscle parameters, metabolic factors, and quality of life in diabetic sarcopenia: a randomized controlled clinical trial","authors":"Ramin Abdi Dezfouli,&nbsp;Narges Zargar Balajam,&nbsp;Ramin Heshmat,&nbsp;Gita Shafiee","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02969-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02969-x","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>To investigate the efficacy of Sarcomeal® sachet, as a protein supplement, plus vitamin D3 on muscle parameters, metabolic factors, and quality of life (QoL) in individuals with diabetes and sarcopenia.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty individuals were randomized into the control or intervention group. The intervention group received a daily dose of one Sarcomeal sachet and 1000 IU of vitamin D and both groups were recommended to consume protein-rich food, be educated about the disease, and perform physical activity for 12 weeks. Various assessments including muscle parameters, blood tests, and QoL were conducted at the beginning and the end of the trial.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Over 12 weeks, although the intervention group had significant improvements in mean skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) (change: 0.17[0.016, 0.329] kg/m²; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05) and handgrip strength (change: 1.33[0.256, 2.410] kg; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05), differences between groups were not statistically significant. However, significant improvements were observed in lean mass (1.70 [0.749, 2.665] kg; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) and lean mass index (0.62[0.287, 0.954] kg/m²; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01) between groups. Weight was maintained in the intervention arm, whereas the control arm experienced significant weight loss (1.87 [0.654, 3.109] kg; <i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Participants in the intervention arm did not show significant changes in blood parameters. The most reported side effects were loss of appetite (50%) and stomach heaviness (20.8%).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This mixture of supplements significantly improved lean muscle mass, preserved physical function, and helped maintain weight, supporting its potential as a strategy to counter muscle loss and enhance the QoL in diabetic sarcopenia patients.</p><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><p>This trial is registered at the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with IRCT20230831059311N1 ID.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02969-x.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious diseases, cardio-cerebrovascular health and vaccines: pathways to prevention","authors":"Fiona Ecarnot,&nbsp;Jotheeswaran Amuthavalli Thiyagarajan,&nbsp;Mario Barbagallo,&nbsp;Jane Barratt,&nbsp;Tor Biering-Sørensen,&nbsp;Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers,&nbsp;Marco Del Riccio,&nbsp;Marco Goeijenbier,&nbsp;Stefan Gravenstein,&nbsp;Luis Lourenço,&nbsp;Jean-Pierre Michel,&nbsp;Daniela Pedicino,&nbsp;Cornel Sieber,&nbsp;Antoni Torres,&nbsp;Nicola Veronese,&nbsp;Massimo Volpe,&nbsp;Thomas Weinke,&nbsp;Stefania Maggi","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02968-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02968-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Cardiovascular and infectious diseases both feature among the leading causes of death among men and women in the world. The pathophysiological pathways of infection and cardiovascular disease intersect, and there is a bidirectional relationship between the two. Vaccines are available for the most common infectious diseases affecting older adults, such as influenza, pertussis, pneumococcal disease, herpes zoster, COVID and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). In many countries, these vaccines are recommended systematically for older adults and any adults with comorbidities, who are also those most likely to suffer from cardiovascular disease. There is a large body of evidence attesting to the benefits of vaccination on cardio- and cerebrovascular health. The European Interdisciplinary Council for Aging (EICA) and the Italian Society for Cardiovascular Prevention (Società Italiana per la Prevenzione Cardiovascolare, SIPREC) convened a 2-day meeting in June 2024 to review the state of the evidence on the relationship between cardio- and cerebrovascular health and the most common infectious diseases, and the role of vaccines in preventing both infection and its adverse consequences in terms of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular outcomes. We present here the Executive Summary of the proceedings of this meeting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02968-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation between diabetes mellitus and refracture risk in patients with osteoporotic fractures: a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Shao-han Guo,&nbsp;Jian Xu,&nbsp;Min-zhe Xu,&nbsp;Chong Li,&nbsp;Ya-qin Gong,&nbsp;Ke Lu","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02917-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02917-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Diabetes and osteoporosis are frequent long-term conditions. There is little information on the relationship between diabetes and the risk of refracture in people who have osteoporotic fractures (OPFs), even though both conditions have been individually associated with increased fracture risk.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the Osteoporotic Fracture Registry System of the Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University. The study included 2,255 patients aged 50 years or older who were admitted with OPFs, comprising 107 with diabetes and 2,148 without. The risk of refracture within 1, 3, and 5 years was evaluated using Cox proportional hazard regression models based on whether or not a diabetes diagnosis was made during the admission assessment. Furthermore, the rates of refracture between individuals with and without diabetes were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>In patients with OPFs, diabetes was significantly positively correlated with refracture risk. For the follow-up periods of 1, 3, and 5 years, the hazard ratios (HRs) in the fully adjusted model were 2.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09 to 7.39, <i>P</i>-value = 0.033), 2.65 (95% CI: 1.27 to 5.52, <i>P</i>-value = 0.009), and 2.72 (95% CI: 1.39 to 5.32, <i>P</i>-value = 0.004), respectively.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings highlight the importance of monitoring bone health and implementing preventative interventions in individuals with diabetes, since they reveal that diabetic patients face a risk of refracture that is more than twice as high as that of non-diabetic individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02917-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mid- and long-term associations between food insecurity and sarcopenia","authors":"Aarón Salinas-Rodríguez,&nbsp;Vanessa De la Cruz-Góngora,&nbsp;Betty Manrique-Espinoza","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02999-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02999-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sarcopenia is a complex geriatric syndrome characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance. Nutritional factors, including food insecurity, have been reported to be important in the development of sarcopenia. However, evidence on the relationship between sarcopenia and food insecurity is limited, especially with longitudinal data.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between sarcopenia, severe sarcopenia, and food insecurity in a nationally representative sample of older adults in Mexico.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We used data from the four waves (2009, 2014, 2017, 2021) of the World Health Organization Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health in Mexico. The sample consisted of 1,484 older adults aged 50 years or older. Sarcopenia was defined according to the criteria of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Food insecurity was assessed with two questions related to frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food in the last 12 months.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Moderate (OR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.09–1.20) and severe food insecurity (OR = 1.19; 95%CI: 1.11–1.27) significantly increased the longitudinal rates of sarcopenia or severe sarcopenia. Meanwhile, the incidence of severe food insecurity increased the cumulative incidence rate of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia (OR = 1.91; 95%CI: 1.24–2.94).</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Since food insecurity is a modifiable structural factor, the implementation of specific programs to alleviate its deleterious consequences is warranted.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study shows that moderate and severe food insecurity are associated with an increase in the rates of sarcopenia and severe sarcopenia over time.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02999-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemiology and trends of hip fracture in centenarians: changes in clinical profile and in-hospital outcomes from a nationwide register study in Spain across 2004–2020","authors":"Juan Carlos Piñeiro-Fernández,&nbsp;Ramón Rabuñal-Rey,&nbsp;Eva Romay-Lema,&nbsp;Cristina Pedrosa-Fraga,&nbsp;David Rubal-Bran,&nbsp;Roi Suárez-Gil,&nbsp;Álvaro Marchán-López,&nbsp;Sonia Pértega-Díaz","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02994-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02994-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Proximal hip fractures (PHFs) increased worldwide due to population ageing and represent the third cause of admission in Spanish centenarians. Recognizing trends in their evolution could improve their healthcare.</p><h3>Aim</h3><p>To describe changes in trends in clinical characteristics, surgical decisions and in-hospital outcomes in PHF among centenarians in Spain, 2004 and 2020.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective observational study included centenarians hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of PHF using data from the Hospital Discharge Records-Minimum Basic Data Set of the Spanish National Health System. Trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression analysis and descriptive and univariate statistics.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>4,261 PHF admissions among centenarians were recorded. The number of PHF admissions increased from 147 in 2004 to 339 in 2020 (Average Percentage Change (APC)= 3.8%), with a higher increase in women. However, there was a reduction in the incidence of admissions in the last five years. Despite a significant increase in multimorbidity (from 44.4 to 64.1%) and in-hospital complications, there was a decreased in surgical delay (with more surgeries performed within 48 h: from 27.6 to 43.3%) and length of hospital stay (from 12.2 ± 8.6 to 9.7 ± 8.0 days), with a notable shift towards arthroplasty (from 28.7 to 52.7%), and stable mortality rates (APC=-1.5).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study indicates an increased complexity in patient profiles, with higher rates of multimorbidity and complications, but improvements in surgical care have led to reduced surgical delays and shorter hospital stays. Future studies are necessary to understand the factors associated with these trends and to design specific strategies in this vulnerable population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02994-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the maze of active ageing measurement: untangling methodological and theoretical issues in the UJACAS questionnaire","authors":"Andrea Bosco,&nbsp;Antonella Lopez","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02953-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02953-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Active Ageing (AA) involves maintaining engagement in physical, social, and mental activities in older adulthood, reflecting societal values and political agendas. Despite various measurement tools, there is no universal standard. The University of Jyväskylä Active Ageing Scale (UJACAS) is increasingly used in Europe but faces inconsistencies from varying response scales across versions. This perspective paper examines these discrepancies and proposes a refined model for AA measurement, emphasizing the dimensions of motivation, ability, opportunity, and activity frequency. The goal is to improve the accuracy of AA assessments by adjusting for personal and environmental limitations, ensuring a fair evaluation that captures the complexities of ageing. The proposed adjustments to the UJACAS scoring model include recalibrating the equation to account for personal and environmental limitations, integrating motivation as a separate measure, and exploring adaptive methodologies to ensure fairer and more nuanced assessments of Active Ageing, particularly for individuals facing disabilities or obstacles. By addressing these issues, this perspective paper aims to enhance the effectiveness of AA tools for older adults. Moreover, adopting these methodological challenges has significant societal implications. Precise measurement of AA is essential for tailoring interventions to the needs of diverse older populations and for designing policies that promote inclusive, healthy and safe ageing. Enhancing the accuracy of AA assessments can inform strategies that empower older adults, mitigate disparities, and foster resilience in ageing communities. This study highlights the necessity of advancing AA measurement frameworks to support evidence-based decisions in public health and social policy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02953-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropsychological tests and machine learning: identifying predictors of MCI and dementia progression","authors":"Carlotta Cazzolli,&nbsp;Marco Chierici,&nbsp;Monica Dallabona,&nbsp;Chiara Guella,&nbsp;Giuseppe Jurman","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02962-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02962-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Early prediction of progression in dementia is of major importance for providing patients with adequate clinical care, with considerable impact on the organization of the whole healthcare system.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>The main task is tailoring robust and consolidated machine learning models to detect which neuropsychological tests are more effective in predicting a patient’s mental status. In a translational medicine perspective, such identification tool should find its place in the clinician’s toolbox as a support throughout his daily diagnostic routine. A second objective involves predicting the patient’s diagnosis based on the results of the cognitive assessment.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>281 patients with MCI or dementia diagnosis were assessed through 14 commonly administered neuropsychological tests designed to evaluate different cognitive domains. A suite of machine learning models, trained on different subsets of data, was used to detect the most informative tests and to predict the patient’s diagnosis. Two external validation datasets containing MMSE and FAB tests were involved in this second task.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The tests qualitatively and statistically associated to a cognitive decline are MMSE, FAB, BSTR, AM, and VSF, of which at least three were considered the most informative also by machine learning. 73% average accuracy was obtained in the diagnosis prediction on three subsets of original and external data.</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Detecting the most informative tests could reduce the visits’ time and prevent the cognitive assessment from being biased by external factors. Machine learning models’ prediction represents a useful baseline for the clinician’s actual diagnosis and a reliable insight into the future development of the patient’s cognitive status.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02962-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143602422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}