Aging Clinical and Experimental Research最新文献

{"title":"The association between chronic liver disease and osteoporosis in East Asian populations: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Zhiyu Wang,&nbsp;Qi Qu,&nbsp;Rui Jiang,&nbsp;Zhongshan Li,&nbsp;Simiao Ran","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03031-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03031-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Chronic liver disease is a widespread health problem globally, particularly common in East Asia. Osteoporosis (OP), as a common metabolic bone disease, has also gained increasing attention in aging societies. In recent years, studies have suggested a possible association between chronic liver disease and OP, but their causal relationship has not been fully or systematically studied.</p><h3>Objective</h3><p>To investigate the causal association between chronic liver disease and OP in East Asian populations using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>The datasets for chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB), chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC), and cirrhosis were sourced from the UK Biobank, while those for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and OP were from the Japan Biobank. All participants included were from East Asian populations. We first treated chronic liver disease as the exposure and OP as the outcome for MR analysis, and then performed a reverse analysis treating OP as the exposure and chronic liver disease as the outcome. The inverse variance-weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary method to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). MR-Egger and the weighted median method were used as supplementary approaches to assess the causal association between chronic liver disease and OP. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy tests were also performed to ensure the reliability of the results.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The IVW method results indicated that CHB (ebi-a-GCST90018584) will increase the incidence of OP (bbj-a-137) (OR = 1.063, 95% CI: 1.015–1.112, <i>p</i> = 0.009), with no evidence of heterogeneity or pleiotropy. However, no causal association was found between CHC, cirrhosis, or HCC on OP. Reverse MR analyses did not reveal any significant causal effect of OP on chronic liver disease.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>In East Asian populations, CHB will increase the incidence of OP. Therefore, CHB patients not only require long-term antiviral treatment to protect the liver but should also monitor their bone health over time to reduce the risk of OP, ultimately improving quality of life.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03031-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135315","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of antioxidants intake in diet and supplements with risk of Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","authors":"Xin Hu,&nbsp;Jia Zhou,&nbsp;Yue Sun,&nbsp;Zhiwen Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-024-02893-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-024-02893-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><p>Previous studies have shown that antioxidants may be associated with risk of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, some findings have failed to demonstrate a significant correlation. To rigorously evaluate this relationship, a comprehensive review and meta-analysis were conducted.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>All relevant cohort studies reporting association between antioxidants intake (diet and/or supplement use) and AD risk were searched in 9 electronic databases and 4 registration platforms from their inception up to March 15, 2023. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using either a fixed-effects or random-effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed using <i>I</i>^<i>2</i> statistics. Furthermore, a dose-response meta-analysis was conducted to explore potential dose-response relationships.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Eleven cohort studies were included. The pooled HRs of AD were 0.90 (95% CI = 0.60–1.34) and 0.94 (95% CI = 0.75–1.17) for the dietary intake of vitamin E, 0.90 (95% CI = 0.76–1.07) for the vitamin E supplement use. The pooled HRs of AD were 0.84 (95% CI = 0.76–0.93) and 0.60 (95% CI = 0.35–1.02) for the dietary intake of vitamin C, 0.85 (95% CI = 0.72-1.00) for the vitamin C supplement use. The pooled HRs of AD were 1.02 (95% CI = 0.85–1.22) and 0.86 (95% CI = 0.68–1.07) for the dietary intake of beta-carotene. Notably, no significant dose-response relationship was observed.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>A high dietary intake of vitamin C (≥ 75 mg/d) was found to have a statistically significant impact on reducing the risk of AD. However, no significant association was observed between dietary intake of vitamin E or beta-carotene, or the use of vitamin E or vitamin C supplement use, and the risk of AD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-024-02893-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heterogeneity in mortality risk prediction: a study of vulnerable adults in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging","authors":"Mame Fana Ndiaye,&nbsp;Mark R. Keezer,&nbsp;Quoc Dinh Nguyen","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03063-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03063-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Mortality prediction models are essential for clinical decision-making, but their performance may vary across patient subgroups. This study aimed to evaluate how a general mortality prediction model performs across subgroups defined by vulnerability factors and to test whether model improvements could improve prediction accuracy.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed data from 49,266 participants in the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging. A general mortality prediction model (Model A) was developed using Cox proportional hazard regression with LASSO, incorporating variables spanning sociodemographic factors, lifestyle habits, comorbidities, and physical/cognitive function measures. Performance was evaluated across subgroups defined by age, frailty, multimorbidity, cognitive function, and functional impairment using discrimination (c-index), calibration, and Brier scores. We tested two additional strategies: incorporating subgroup-specific variables (Model B) and developing tailored models for different mortality risk categories (Models C1, C2, C3).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Over a median 6-year follow-up, 7.5% (3672) participants died. The general model performed well overall (c-index: 0.82, 95% CI 0.80–0.84; Brier: 0.036, 95% CI 0.032–0.040), but performance varied across subgroups. It was lower in frail individuals (c-index: 0.73, 95% CI 0.71–0.75; Brier: 0.12, 95% CI 0.11–0.13) and those with multiple chronic conditions (c-index: 0.76, 95% CI 0.75–0.78; Brier: 0.08, 95% CI 0.07–0.08), with risk underestimated in these groups. Neither incorporating subgroup variables nor developing risk-stratified models significantly improved performance.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Important variability in performance, particularly in vulnerable groups, highlights the limitations of a one-size-fits-all and underscores the need for more granular predictive models that account for subpopulation-specific characteristics to enhance mortality risk prediction.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03063-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144135304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The bidirectional association of malnutrition with depression and anxiety in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence","authors":"Agnieszka Micek,&nbsp;Ewa Błaszczyk-Bębenek,&nbsp;Aneta Cebula,&nbsp;Justyna Godos,&nbsp;Kamil Konopka,&nbsp;Anna Wąż,&nbsp;Giuseppe Grosso","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03071-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03071-y","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Anxiety and depression are common mental health problems in cancer patients. At the same time, cancer patients often suffer from disease-related catabolic dysregulation and malnutrition. Emerging evidence has suggested the potential link between mental disorders and nutritional status.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study summarised the evidence for the association of malnutrition with anxiety and depression in cancer patients.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A systematic search of PubMed and EMBASE databases was performed for observational studies published up to December 2024.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Forty-one articles were found eligible for inclusion in the systematic review, and twenty-nine in the meta-analysis. Compared with the normally nourished cancer patients, malnourished patients had a more than threefold (relative risk (RR) = 3.23, 95% CI 2.39, 4.38) and nearly twofold (RR = 1.87, 95% CI 1.48, 2.37) increased risk of depression and anxiety, respectively. Considering the studies that identified lower emotional status as a cause rather than an effect of malnutrition, the inverse association was confirmed only for depression (RR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.62, 2.49), but not for anxiety (RR = 1.38, 95% CI 0.68, 2.80). Finally, the standardised mean differences of the psychological scores showed significantly higher values in individuals with nutritional impairment compared to those with normal nutritional status (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI 0.50, 0.88 for depression and SMD = 0.54, 95% CI 0.26, 0.82 for anxiety).</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Mental health problems such as anxiety and depression are associated with malnutrition in cancer patients.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03071-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methodological concerns on the association between frailty and chronic lung disease","authors":"Hong Fan,&nbsp;Wenwen Zhao,&nbsp;Ying Chen,&nbsp;Yan Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02930-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02930-y","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02930-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144100332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A qualitative assessment of older adults’ perspective on the utilization of information from preventive home visits","authors":"Anna Nivestam,&nbsp;Ellinor Edfors,&nbsp;Gita Hedin,&nbsp;Albert Westergren,&nbsp;Maria Haak","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03069-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03069-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>To promote healthy aging, older adults' perspectives should be included in decisions that affect them. Information from preventive home visits, including health data and opinions expressed by older adults, can be used by societal actors to enhance healthy aging. However, information regarding older adults’ perspectives on how this information can be utilized is lacking.</p><h3>Aim</h3><p>The purpose of this study was to qualitatively evaluate the perspectives of older adults’ on the utilization of information acquired from preventive home visits.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Older adults view the use of information from preventive home visits as an opportunity to participate in societal decisions and influence changes. This approach can empower older adults by valuing their diverse voices and translating the collected information into meaningful action. The older adults in this study expressed mixed feelings of hope and futility about the possibility of influencing change. They discussed a process for utilizing the information from the visits, which began with highlighting and analyzing problems, communicating these, and then taking action to promote healthy aging.</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Information gathered during preventive home visits can empower older adults to influence community planning and promote healthy aging. There is a value in involving older adults in decision-making by using their insight to identify barriers and drive change.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Older adults are a valuable resource for community planning aimed at promoting healthy aging. Further research is needed to explore the full potential of using information from preventive home visits for fostering inclusive age-friendly community planning.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03069-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144091097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction: The correlation between muscle loss and the severity of vascular stenosis in elderly patients with peripheral artery disease: a retrospective analysis utilizing computed tomography","authors":"Yanyang Zhang,&nbsp;Wenxin Zhao,&nbsp;Zuoguan Chen,&nbsp;Yixuan Wang,&nbsp;Xihao Zhang,&nbsp;Xue Chang,&nbsp;Yongjun Li,&nbsp;Jihong Yang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03044-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03044-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03044-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gliflozines as add-on to Arni in echocardiographic, sarcopenic and oxidative stress parameters in elderly patients with chronic heart failure","authors":"Giuseppe Armentaro,&nbsp;Velia Cassano,&nbsp;Marcello Magurno,&nbsp;Carlo Alberto Pastura,&nbsp;Marcello Divino,&nbsp;Giandomenico Severini,&nbsp;Domenico Martire,&nbsp;Sofia Miceli,&nbsp;Raffaele Maio,&nbsp;Elisa Mazza,&nbsp;Tiziana Montalcini,&nbsp;Arturo Pujia,&nbsp;Angela Sciacqua","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03049-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03049-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Sarcopenia is common in patients with heart failure (HF) and it is frequently associated with other comorbidities. Sarcopenia has been linked to an increased risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in HF patients.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>The aim of the present study was to evaluate, in a cohort of older adult’s patients affected by HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and sarcopenia, already being treated with sacubitril/valsartan, the effect of add-on therapy with SGLT2i on clinical, functional abilities, muscle performance and effects on quality of life.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We enrolled 147 outpatients. A simple linear regression analysis was performed to assess the correlation between the change in Cardiac Index (CI) and Short physical performance battery (SPPB) values, expressed as (Δ) between baseline and follow-up (ΔT0-12), and several covariates.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>After 12 months of treatment, we observed an improvement in the inflammatory profile, moreover there was a reduction of the oxidative stress (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) and platelets activation (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) parameters. In addition, there was a significant increase in CI and global longitudinal strain and a statistically significant improvement in cognitive function, as shown by Mini-Mental State examination (MMSE) (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001) score and SPPB (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). Considering ΔCI as dependent variation, Δ8-isoprotane resulted the major predictor, justifying 13.3% of its variation. When ΔSPPB was considered as dependent variable, Δ8-Isoprostane was the main predictor of ΔSPPB, justifying 54.6% of its variation.</p><h3>Discussion and conclusions</h3><p>This study demonstrated that the addition of SGLT2i to therapy leads to improvements in echocardiographic and sarcopenia-related parameters and biomarkers of oxidative stress and platelet activation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03049-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144084921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence and equating norms between the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS), the MMSE and the MoCA in an Italian population sample","authors":"Edoardo Nicolò Aiello,&nbsp;Beatrice Curti,&nbsp;Giulia De Luca,&nbsp;Sara Casartelli,&nbsp;Lorenzo Esposti,&nbsp;Chiara Curatoli,&nbsp;Alice Zanin,&nbsp;Elisa Camporeale,&nbsp;Martina Andrea Sirtori,&nbsp;Federico Verde,&nbsp;Vincenzo Silani,&nbsp;Nicola Ticozzi,&nbsp;Nadia Bolognini,&nbsp;Barbara Poletti","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03026-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03026-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>This study aimed at testing the convergence and deriving equating norms between the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in an Italian population sample.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Four-hundred and eighty two healthy Italian native-speaker (300 females; age: 57.8 ± 15.5, <i>range</i> = 20–94; education: 13.1 ± 3.8, <i>range</i> = 5–25) underwent the TICS (<i>range</i> = 1–41), MMSE and MoCA. An additional <i>Delayed Recall</i> of the 10-word list was administered as the last task of the TICS to compute a further total (TICS_&amp;DR; <i>range</i> = 1–51). Convergence between the TICS/TICS_&amp;DR and in-person screeners was tested <i>via</i> Bonferroni-corrected Spearman’s coefficients, whilst equating norms were derived <i>via</i> a Log-linear Smoothing Equipercentile Equating (LSEE) approach. A two one-sided test (TOST) procedure was run to test the equivalence between empirical and LSEE-derived scores.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>TICS scores converged with both MMSE (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i>=0.34; <i>p</i> &lt;.001) and MoCA scores (<i>r</i>_<i>s</i>=0.42; <i>p</i> &lt;.001)– the same being true for the TICS_&amp;DR (MMSE: <i>r</i>_<i>s</i>=0.36; <i>p</i> &lt;.001; MoCA: <i>r</i>_<i>s</i>=0.42; <i>p</i> &lt;.001). Cross-walks were estimated to derive TICS/TICS_&amp;DR scores from the MMSE/MoCA, and vice-versa. The algorithm could not compute the conversions for TICS, MMSE and MoCA scores &lt; 22, &lt;21 and &lt; 14, respectively. TOST procedures revealed that all comparisons yielded equivalence except for those aimed at deriving TICS from MMSE scores and TICS_&amp;DR from both the MMSE and the MoCA.</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>The Italian TICS validly captures examinees’ cognitive efficiency as measured by MMSE or MoCA; derived cross-walks between the TICS and MMSE/MoCA allows for a flexible use of in-person and telephone-based screeners.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03026-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of the 2018 Japan floods and COVID-19 pandemic on cognitive decline among atomic bomb survivors in Hiroshima, Japan: a retrospective cohort study","authors":"Shuhei Yoshida,&nbsp;Daisuke Miyamori,&nbsp;Masanori Ito","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03054-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03054-z","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Atomic bomb survivors (ABSs) in Hiroshima are facing climate change-related natural disasters and emerging infectious diseases. The cognitive function of aging ABSs is vulnerable to the inevitable environmental changes caused by the 2018 Japan floods and COVID-19 pandemic.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study examined the effects of these two disastrous events on cognitive function.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective cohort study included all verified individuals utilizing Long-Term Care Insurance services in Hiroshima Prefecture. The observation period was from January 2018 to December 2022. The participants were divided into three groups: ABSs, welfare recipients (WRs), and others. The objective variable was moderate or severe cognitive deterioration. We performed a difference-in-differences analysis using logistic regression models to investigate the effect of the two disastrous events on cognitive function compared with the effect of the other groups.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>There were 184,252 participants, including 16,306 ABSs (8.8%) and 8,509 WRs (4.6%). The difference-in-differences analysis showed no statistically significant effect of the 2018 Japan floods. The analysis also revealed that moderate cognitive decline among ABSs and WRs decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020, 2021, and 2022). Moreover, severe cognitive decline among ABSs decreased after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020 and 2021).</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>Although many older adults experienced cognitive exacerbations during the COVID-19 pandemic, ABSs had a lower risk of cognitive decline than those of non-WRs. However, no significant changes were observed during the 2018 Japan floods.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>ABSs had a reduced risk of cognitive decline during the pandemic compared with that of the other groups.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03054-z.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144074023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}