Aging Clinical and Experimental Research最新文献

{"title":"Association between tooth loss and geriatric syndromes in older adults: a cohort study from a rural area in eastern China","authors":"Caihong He,&nbsp;Yihan Wang,&nbsp;Chengfan Qin,&nbsp;Nan Hua,&nbsp;Yichen Yang,&nbsp;Jing Chen,&nbsp;Qin Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03032-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03032-5","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Tooth loss was linked to health status, with substantial implications for malnutrition and chronic inflammation risks in older adults, especially among vulnerable groups. This study aimed to explore the associations between tooth loss severity, denture status, and geriatric syndromes.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>In 2019, 1094 participants were recruited and subjected to face-to-face interview to assess tooth loss severity, along with grip strength and body composition. In 2023, a follow-up was conducted with a subsample of the participants. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to explore the association between tooth loss severity at baseline and geriatric syndromes (sarcopenia, malnutrition risk, frailty, fall) at fourth year follow-up, as well as association between denture status and geriatric syndromes.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The multivariate analyses showed that having tooth loss affecting daily life at baseline was associated with a 1.80-fold higher prevalence of sarcopenia and 2.31-fold higher prevalence of malnutrition risk after four years. Participants with fewer than 10 teeth had significantly higher odds of geriatric syndromes compared to those with 21 or more teeth: 1.87-fold for sarcopenia (95% CI: 1.07 to 3.26), 2.99-fold for malnutrition risk (95% CI: 1.93 to 4.62), and 1.68-fold for frailty (95% CI: 1.10 to 2.56). Older adults with tooth loss who did not have dentures exhibited a significantly higher odds of sarcopenia, malnutrition risk, frailty, and falls, more number of geriatric syndromes.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Higher severity level of tooth loss at baseline were associated with higher odds of geriatric syndromes at fourth year in older adults. Dentures partially mitigate the association between tooth loss and the higher odds of geriatric syndromes. Screening and intervening oral health is important for the prevention of geriatric syndromes in older adults.</p><h3>Clinical trial number</h3><p>Not applicable.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03032-5.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visuospatial impairment in dementia: a new index to improve the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease","authors":"Francesca Santagata,&nbsp;Stefano F. Cappa,&nbsp;Roberto Presta,&nbsp;Caterina Burgio,&nbsp;Chiara Luppi,&nbsp;Massimiliano Massaia,&nbsp;Elisa Calvi,&nbsp;Patrizia D’Amelio","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03028-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03028-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The differential diagnosis between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other causes of dementia is essential but challenging. Therefore, there is an increasing need for early, reliable, and non-invasive tests to distinguish between different forms of dementia.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>To determine whether neuropsychological tests assessing visuospatial function can improve confidence in the clinical diagnosis of AD.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>Retrospective observational single-center cohort study involving all patients consecutively referred to our outpatient clinic for cognitive disorders who underwent neuropsychological assessment between 2013 and 2018. In addition to demographic and functional variables, each patient underwent neuropsychological tests to assess cognitive performance, memory, and executive, language, and visuospatial ability, according to clinical protocols. The clinical diagnosis of cognitive disorders, based on standard diagnostic criteria, served as the gold standard. Accuracy measures of visuospatial tests to diagnose AD were calculated. Additionally, a new index derived from the sum of four items (Rey-Osterrieth figure copying, Copy of Drawings, Clock Drawing Test, and years of schooling) was tested (ReDCOOL).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 342 patients analyzed, 308 were diagnosed with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, including 60 with AD. AD patients exhibited the worst performance in visuospatial tests, and the utilization of the ReDCOOL index proved to be more dependable in identifying AD compared to other tests (AUROC 0.729, 95%CI 0.659–0.799; <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The ReDCOOL index appears to increase confidence in the clinical diagnosis of AD compared to each of the visuospatial tests considered. Furthermore, this index is easily calculated and does not prolong the time needed for clinical evaluation, as it does not require a customized patient assessment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03028-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143845623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between sarcopenic obesity and depression in middle-aged and elderly U.S. adults: insights from the NHANES study","authors":"Xiaoming Zhang,&nbsp;Rui Zeng,&nbsp;Wenwu Zhang,&nbsp;Fayi Xie,&nbsp;Aizhang Zhu,&nbsp;Lihuan Chen,&nbsp;Ke Zhu,&nbsp;Tenghui Fan,&nbsp;Yishan Wu,&nbsp;Xu Luo,&nbsp;Yuxu Huang,&nbsp;Dongmei Ye,&nbsp;Jiahui Bian,&nbsp;Wan Zhu,&nbsp;Jiang Wang,&nbsp;Qingli Dou,&nbsp;Conghua Wang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02947-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02947-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Purpose</h3><p>This study aimed to explore the association between sarcopenia, obesity, and sarcopenic obesity with depression in a middle-aged and elderly population in the United States.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2006 and from 2011 to 2018, including 5155 participants aged 45 years and older. Obesity was defined by a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 or waist circumference (WC) ≥ 102 cm in men or ≥ 88 cm in women. Sarcopenia was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to calculate appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI), with gender-specific cut-offs. Multivariate logistic regression models adjusted for various covariates were used to assess the associations.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants classified into the sarcopenia-only, obesity-only, and sarcopenic obesity groups exhibited multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for depression of 1.35 (95% CI 0.60–2.18; P = 0.371), 1.37 (95% CI 1.03–1.82; P = 0.031), and 2.07 (95% CI 1.36–3.16; P &lt; 0.001), respectively, compared to the robust group. Sensitivity analyses using alternative definitions of obesity and multiple imputation for missing data confirmed these findings. Subgroup analyses revealed that the association between sarcopenic obesity and depression was more pronounced in middle-aged women (aged ≤ 52 years).</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>This study underscores the significant relationship between sarcopenic obesity and depression in a large U.S. middle-aged and elderly population. Interventions focusing on weight control and muscle mass enhancement through proper nutrition and physical activity may reduce depression incidence, thereby promoting healthy aging.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02947-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143848890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of AccuBrain-based MRI quantitative analysis in diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease and assessing behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia","authors":"Huixian Lu,&nbsp;Caixia Xu,&nbsp;Jiaquan Liang","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03023-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03023-6","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><p>Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a major cause of dementia, marked by cognitive decline and behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD). Early differentiation between AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and healthy controls (HC) is essential for improving diagnostic accuracy and guiding effective treatment strategies.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This retrospective study included 120 participants divided into AD (<i>n</i> = 40), MCI (<i>n</i> = 40), and HC (<i>n</i> = 40) groups. Brain MRI data were analyzed using the AccuBrain system to quantify AD Resemblance Atrophy Index (AD-RAI), Quantitative Medial Temporal Atrophy (QMTA), hippocampal volume, and white matter hyperintensities. Correlation analyses were conducted between imaging biomarkers and cognitive function scores (Mini-Mental State Examination, MMSE; Neuropsychiatric Inventory, NPI). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluated the diagnostic performance of the biomarkers.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>AD patients had significantly higher AD-RAI (0.91 ± 0.25) and more pronounced hippocampal atrophy (0.36 ± 0.09) compared to MCI and HC (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). Correlation analyses showed that AD-RAI and QMTA were negatively correlated with MMSE scores (<i>r</i> = -0.718, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001; <i>r</i> = -0.463, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), while hippocampal volume was positively correlated with MMSE (<i>r</i> = 0.408, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). ROC analysis revealed that AD-RAI had an AUC of 0.777 for distinguishing AD from MCI, while QMTA had an AUC of 0.938 for distinguishing AD from HC. BPSD patients exhibited higher AD-RAI (1.09 ± 0.18) and greater hippocampal atrophy, with ROC AUC &gt; 0.9 for distinguishing BPSD from non-BPSD patients.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The AccuBrain MRI system demonstrated high sensitivity and diagnostic value in distinguishing AD from MCI and HC, as well as in identifying patients with BPSD. Correlation and ROC analyses support the use of these imaging biomarkers for early diagnosis and personalized treatment strategies in AD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03023-6.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aging, longevity, and healthy aging: the public health approach","authors":"Vincenza Gianfredi,&nbsp;Daniele Nucci,&nbsp;Flavia Pennisi,&nbsp;Stefania Maggi,&nbsp;Nicola Veronese,&nbsp;Pinar Soysal","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03021-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03021-8","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Population aging is one of the most significant global demographic changes of the 21st century, driven by increased life expectancy and declining fertility rates. This phenomenon presents both achievements and challenges for public health systems worldwide.</p><h3>Aims</h3><p>On the one hand, advances in healthcare and socio-economic conditions have contributed to longer lives and improved quality of life for older adults. On the other hand, aging populations are increasingly affected by chronic diseases, greriatric syndromes, and multimorbidity, leading to greater healthcare demands and higher associated costs.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This manuscript explores evidence on regards of the impact of aging on healthcare and economic systems, emphasizing the need for a paradigm shift toward healthy aging.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Healthy aging, as defined by the World Health Organization, focuses on the maintenance of intrinsic capacity, physical, mental, and social well-being throughout life. It highlights the importance of preventive healthcare, proper nutrition, and regular physical activity in delaying the onset of chronic conditions and maintaining functional independence. Furthermore, the manuscript addresses the challenges faced by healthcare infrastructures and pension systems as they adapt to aging populations, with particular attention to the strain caused by workforce shortages and the rising need for long-term care.</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>A coordinated public health approach is essential to promote healthy aging and mitigate the economic and societal impacts of population aging.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This paper underscores the need for integrated health policies and multidisciplinary care models to ensure that longer life expectancy is accompanied by better quality of life for older individuals.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03021-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143840376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of corticosteroid withdrawal on bone mineral density after kidney transplantation","authors":"Antoine Bouquegneau,&nbsp;Marie Ernst,&nbsp;Olivier Malaise,&nbsp;Laurence Seidel,&nbsp;Jean-François Kaux,&nbsp;Jean-Yves Reginster,&nbsp;Etienne Cavalier,&nbsp;Clio Ribbens,&nbsp;François Jouret,&nbsp;Laurent Weekers,&nbsp;Pierre Delanaye","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03018-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03018-3","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Bone abnormalities are common after kidney transplantation (KTx) and are associated with an increased risk of fractures. The pathophysiology of post-KTx bone disorders is multifactorial, with corticosteroid (CS) therapy being a contributor to the loss of bone mineral density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CS withdrawal versus continued CS therapy on BMD evolution in a kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) cohort.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We retrospectively analyzed BMD data from 132 patients who underwent KTx between 2005 and 2021. BMD was assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at the time of KTx (T0) and two-years post-KTx (2yT). Patients were categorized into two groups: those who discontinued CS (CS−) within the first-year post KTx and those who continued CS therapy (CS+).</p><h3>Results</h3><p>The mean age at KTx was 52.2 (± 12.6) years, and 62.1% of the patients were male. Overall, BMD increased significantly at the lumbar spine (LS) but decreased at the radius at 2yT, while BMD at the hip site remained stable. CS was discontinued in 44.7% of patients between T0 and 2yT, with an average discontinuation time of 6.3 (± 4.9) months post-KTx. The CS− group showed significant BMD improvements at LS and hip sites. In a multivariate analysis, a higher cumulative CS dose was independently associated with a larger BMD decline.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>CS withdrawal after KTx positively impacts BMD, while higher cumulative CS doses are associated with a greater BMD loss. These findings underscore the importance of minimizing CS exposure to preserve bone health in KTRs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03018-3.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing care: optimizing osteoporosis treatment in the older and oldest old population","authors":"Claudia Panait,&nbsp;Patrizia D’Amelio","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-02973-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-02973-1","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Osteoporosis is a critical public health issue, particularly in the “older” (those aged over 75) and “oldest old” population (those aged 85 and above), who are at a heightened risk for fractures and related complications. This article reviews current osteoporosis treatments tailored for these age groups, emphasizing the balance between efficacy and safety, while considering cost/benefit aspects. We discuss pharmacological therapies available nowadays and their respective benefits and risks in the old population, based on the available literature on the subject. Special attention is given to specific features of this age category, like challenges of polypharmacy, physiological changes associated with age, comorbidities and patient adherence. This paper highlights the need for individualised treatment plans that consider the patient’s overall health status, life expectancy and quality of life and the importance of continued innovation and personalized care in managing osteoporosis especially among the “older” population.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-02973-1.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143821904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of direct oral anticoagulants reversal agents in older patients: an analysis of individual case safety reports of adverse drug reaction from VigiBase®","authors":"Giada Crescioli,&nbsp;Niccolò Lombardi,&nbsp;Elena Arzenton,&nbsp;Nicoletta Luxi,&nbsp;Stefano Fumagalli,&nbsp;Roberto Bonaiuti,&nbsp;Costanza Cacini,&nbsp;Guido Mannaioni,&nbsp;Gianluca Trifirò,&nbsp;Ugo Moretti,&nbsp;Alfredo Vannacci","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03025-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03025-4","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Real-world data on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) associated with idarucizumab and andexanet alfa are limited.</p><h3>Aim</h3><p>This study aimed to assess the frequency, the characteristics and clinical and demographic factors associated with ADRs related to their use.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>This is a retrospective analysis of ADR reports collected in Vigibase^® until May 31, 2023. Multivariable logistic regression estimated reporting odds ratios (RORs) for serious ADRs, death, and thromboembolic events according to demographical and clinical covariates.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 1095 Individual Case Safety Reports (ICSRs) reporting idarucizumab (72%) or andexanet alfa (28%) as suspected/interacting agents were collected. Most of the subjects were males (44.5%), with a median age of 78 years, and exposed to only one suspected/interacting medication (73.6%). ADRs were defined as serious in 88.6% of cases, with a total of 614 (56.1%) fatal cases. Compared to patients without concomitant medications, probability of serious ADRs and death were both higher in those receiving ≥ 5 concomitant medications in the idarucizumab subgroup (ROR 4.04 and 1.66, respectively) and in those receiving 1–4 concomitant medications in the andexanet alfa subgroup (ROR 5.66 and 4.80, respectively). Moreover, the probability of thromboembolic events was significantly lower for subjects aged &gt; 75 years (ROR for 75–84 years 0.55; ROR for ≥ 85 years 0.50).</p><h3>Discussion</h3><p>In real-world, ADRs associated with idarucizumab and andexanet alfa use are generally serious, resulting in death in a high percentage of subjects.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Clinicians should pay particular attention when managing individuals needing these drugs, especially if vulnerable and requiring polytherapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03025-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between atherogenic index of plasma, body mass index, and sarcopenia: a cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis study based on older adults in China","authors":"Bowen Lu,&nbsp;Jiacheng Li,&nbsp;Xuezhen Liang,&nbsp;Mingtao Wen,&nbsp;Di Luo,&nbsp;Haifeng Jia,&nbsp;Jiahao Zhang,&nbsp;Gang Li","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03029-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03029-0","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Objective&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;To investigate the correlation between the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), body mass index (BMI), and sarcopenia in the older adults in China, and to analyze the predictive ability of AIP and BMI for sarcopenia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Methods&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;This study utilized data from the 2011–2015 CHARLS database (China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, CHARLS), focusing on participants aged 60 years and older. The cross-sectional analysis included 7,744 samples, with 2,398 in the sarcopenia group and 5,346 in the non-sarcopenia group. In the retrospective cohort study, 1,441 participants without sarcopenia at baseline were selected and followed for the development of sarcopenia. Multivariable logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between AIP, BMI, and sarcopenia risk. A restricted cubic spline regression model was used to evaluate the dose-response association, and ROC curve analysis was performed to assess the predictive ability of individual and combined indicators (AIP and BMI). Additionally, subgroup analysis was conducted to explore the association between AIP, BMI, and sarcopenia risk across different demographic groups.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3&gt;Results&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p&gt;The cross-sectional analysis demonstrated that sarcopenia was significantly associated with various factors, including age, marital status, education level, residence, smoking, BMI, uric acid (UA), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), AIP, as well as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and heart disease (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.05). Logistic regression analysis, adjusted for potential confounders, revealed that the low AIP group was significantly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia (OR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.03–1.44, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02), while no significant difference was observed in the high AIP group (OR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–1.01, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.07). In the retrospective cohort study, the low AIP group showed a positive association with sarcopenia risk (OR = 1.79, 95% CI 1.18–2.72, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01), and a similar trend was observed in the high AIP group (OR = 1.69, 95% CI 1.03–2.77, &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; = 0.04). BMI was inversely associated with sarcopenia incidence, consistent with the cross-sectional findings. Both AIP and BMI showed a nonlinear dose-response relationship with sarcopenia risk, with AIP approximating a U-shaped curve and BMI approximating an L-shaped curve. Subgroup analysis indicated that, in the 65–69 age group, low AIP levels were significantly associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia. In participants aged 70 and above, as well as in females, both low and high AIP levels were significantly associated with higher incidence risk. ROC curve analysis showed that the combined use of AIP and BMI for predicting sarcopenia had an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.8913, which was moderately better than the use of AIP (0.6499) or BMI ","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03029-0.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of a multicomponent training and a detraining period on cognitive and functional performance of older adults at risk of frailty","authors":"Ana Moradell,&nbsp;Isabel Iguacel,&nbsp;David Navarrete-Villanueva,&nbsp;Ángel Iván Fernández-García,&nbsp;Marcela González-Gross,&nbsp;Jorge Pérez-Gómez,&nbsp;Ignacio Ara,&nbsp;Jose Antonio Casajús,&nbsp;Alba Gómez-Cabello,&nbsp;Germán Vicente-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1007/s40520-025-03011-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s40520-025-03011-w","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aims</h3><p>This study analyzes the effects of a 6-month multicomponent exercise program (MCT) followed by a 4-month detraining period on functional and cognitive status in pre-frail and frail older adults.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>A total of 108 pre-frail and frail adults aged 65 and older participated in the study. They were assigned by convenience to either a control group (CG) or an intervention group (IG). The IG underwent a 6-month MCT followed by a 4-month detraining period. Assessments included a DT test, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and evaluations of basic and instrumental activities of daily living. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for the DT test (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). The IG showed improved DT performance after the 6-month MCT (4.0, 95% CI: 2.2 to 5.7 s), followed by a decline after the detraining period (-1.1, 95% CI: -2.1 to -0.2 s). However, performance after detraining remained higher than at baseline (2.9, 95% CI: 1.0 to 4.6 s, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.05). No statistically significant changes were observed in the CG. Additionally, no significant effects were found for MMSE scores or daily activity questionnaires.</p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>MCT had beneficial effects on functional and cognitive performance in older adults, as assessed by the DT test. However, improvements in DT performance did not translate into better daily life activities. Although the 4-month detraining period negatively impacted DT performance, the results remained superior to baseline levels.</p><h3>Trial registration number</h3><p>NCT03831841 and date of registration: 5th of November 2018.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":7720,"journal":{"name":"Aging Clinical and Experimental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40520-025-03011-w.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143786626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}