Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence最新文献

{"title":"[Alcohol and sudden death: a survey on alcohol-related deaths at tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner's Office (1989)].","authors":"T Yuzuriha,&nbsp;T Nakamura,&nbsp;M Shoji,&nbsp;S Matsushita,&nbsp;S Takagi,&nbsp;H Kono","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seven thousand three hundred seventy-six sudden or violent manner of deaths were inspected or autopsied at Tokyo Metropolitan Medical Examiner's Office in 1989. Out of these victims, 693 (9.4%) victims were regarded as heavy drinkers on the basis of the drinking habits and the autopsy reports and 196 (2.7%) victims without past problem drinking were thought to be drunk at death from the family statements or the blood alcohol analysis. The total 889 (12.1%) alcohol-related cases (autopsy was performed on the 489 cases) were studied from epidemiological and etiological viewpoints. The average age of the alcohol-related victims (male: 811, female: 78) was 52 +/- 11 years. In middle-aged (45-54 years) men, 34% of the all sudden or violent deaths were alcohol-related. About half of the alcohol-related victims were living alone and jobless and they often died at home, particularly in the bed. In the alcohol-related victims, the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) analysis revealed that the average BAC of female was significantly higher than that of male. (2.12 +/- 1.73 mg/ml vs. 1.33 +/- 1.75, P < 0.01). This difference may be associated with sex difference in ethanol metabolism, body composition and drinking habits. Among the major causes of the alcohol-related deaths, alcoholic liver diseases accounted for 226 (25%), gastro-intestinal bleedings for 115 (13%), cardiovascular diseases for 105 (12%) and violent deaths (e.g., acute alcohol intoxication, falls, traffic accidents, suicide) for 329 (37%). By histopathological examination of the liver, about 30% of the alcoholic liver disease cases showed mainly fatty metamorphosis and 48% showed liver cirrhosis. Only 12% of the cirrhotics had either jaundice or ascites, suggesting hepatic failure. Alcoholic cardiomyopathy was suspected in only 11 cases. In conclusion, many people, particularly middle-aged men, lose their lives due to heavy drinking and there are many pathologically unexplainable sudden deaths of alcoholics.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 3","pages":"95-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19334147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Plasma amino acid levels in alcoholics].","authors":"T Saito,&nbsp;M Watanabe,&nbsp;K Nakamura,&nbsp;K Yanbe,&nbsp;T Shirasaka,&nbsp;M Ogata","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plasma aromatic amino acid (AAA) and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) concentrations were determined in 197 alcoholics. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio in patients with alcohol withdrawal symptoms was compared with the ratio in patients without such symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio in patients with emotional disturbance or with transient hallucination was significantly lower than that in patients without these symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio tended to be lower in patients with alcohol withdrawal convulsion or with delirium tremens as compared to patients without such symptoms. The BCAA/AAA molar ratio had a negative correlation with plasma total bilirubin and LDH and had a positive correlation with plasma choline esterase and albumin. Oral administration of amino acid preparations (Aminoleban EN) to the patients elevated the BCAA/AAA molar ratio and normalized liver function. These results indicate that abnormalities of amino acid metabolism caused by liver damage in alcohol dependence may have an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol withdrawal syndrome.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 3","pages":"120-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19332914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of ethanol on GTP-binding protein function in human brain cortex].","authors":"H Ozawa,&nbsp;Y Katamura,&nbsp;E Hashimoto,&nbsp;S Hatta,&nbsp;T Saito,&nbsp;P Riederer,&nbsp;N Takahata","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effect of ethanol \"in vitro\" on GTP-binding protein in postmortem human brain cortex membranes was analyzed using by photoaffinity hydrolysis resistant GTP analog (azidoanilido GTP, AAGTP). AAGTP identified stimulatory GTP binding protein [Gs alpha (42 KDa)] and inhibitory GTP binding protein [Gi alpha (40 KDa)] in human brain cortex membranes. Ethanol augmented the amount of AAGTP binding to both Gs alpha and Gi alpha in human temporal and parietal cortex membranes. These results show that ethanol \"in vitro\" elevates not only Gs functions but also Gi functions in postmortem human brain cortex.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 2","pages":"49-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19305736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Changes of microsomal cytochrome P-450 content in carbon tetrachloride-induced acute liver damage in mice--comparison to the extent of histopathological changes].","authors":"H Karube","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Changes in the levels of hepatic microsomal P-450 were measured in mice during the course of acute liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), and the findings were compared to the extent of histopathological changes. Seventy-two male mice were divided into three groups: Group (I), no treatment, used for liver P-450 assay; Group (II), treated with CCl4 plus an equal amount of olive oil at a dose of 0.2 ml/100g body weight; and Group (III), received olive oil alone. Predominant hepatic changes observed in the mice of group II were centrilobular hemorrhage with necrosis occurred by 24 hours after CCl4 administration. Microsomal cytochrome P-450 level decreased up to 25% of that control. In contrast, no appreciable change was seen either histopathologically or biochemically in the mice of group III. The observed decrease in liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 content suggested the possibility that detoxification capacity of endoplasmic reticulum in CCl4-injured hepatocyte was highly impaired and the impairment affected the following various functions of the tissues in animals.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 2","pages":"54-63"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19305737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic polymorphism of alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase and the effects on alcohol metabolism.","authors":"K Yamamoto,&nbsp;Y Ueno,&nbsp;Y Mizoi,&nbsp;Y Tatsuno","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Influence of genetic polymorphism at the alcohol dehydrogenase2 (ADH2) and aldehyde dehydrogenase2 (ALDH2) loci on ethanol elimination and blood acetaldehyde level was studied in healthy subjects. Polymorphic regions of the ADH2 and ALDH2 genes were amplified for genomic DNA by using the technique of polymerase chain reaction. The ADH2 genotype was determined by digestion with the restriction enzyme MaeIII and the ALDH2 genotype was defined by hybridization with sequence specific oligonucleotide probes. Both loci were typed for unrelated 58 individuals by using the above methods. The gene frequencies of each locus were estimated as follows; 0.31 and 0.69 for ADH2*1 and ADH2*2, respectively, and 0.73 and 0.27 for ALDH2*1 and ALDH2*2, respectively. These values were consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Pedigree analysis of 6 families with 46 subjects on both loci confirmed Mendelian inheritance. In order to investigate differences in ethanol elimination among ADH2 and ALDH2 genotype groups, 0.4 g/kg body weight of ethanol was administered to 93 subjects whose genotypes of both loci were determined by the above methods and blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels were measured. None of the subjects homozygous for the ALDH2*1 allele showed facial flushing and any increase in blood acetaldehyde level. All the homozygotes and heterozygotes with the ALDH2*2 allele exhibited facial flushing, and the former showed a marked increase in blood acetaldehyde level and the latter did a mild increase. On the other hand, the influence of the ADH2 genotype on blood acetaldehyde level was not significant. The values of Widmark's beta 60 (mg/ml/hr) and ethanol elimination rate (mg/kg/hr) showed significant differences among the three groups of the ALDH2 genotypes in each group of the three ADH2 genotypes, and in decreasing order of both the values were ALDH 2*1/*1, ALDH2*1/*2, ALDH2*/*2, However, there were no significant differences in the values among the ADH2 genotypes.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 1","pages":"13-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19492786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Alcohol consumption and brain adenylate cyclase system in rats: brain adenylate cyclase activity in alcohol-preferring AA and alcohol-avoiding ANA rats].","authors":"T Saito,&nbsp;E Hashimoto,&nbsp;T Ashizawa,&nbsp;H Kamada,&nbsp;H Ozawa,&nbsp;N Takahata,&nbsp;C J Eriksson,&nbsp;K Kiianmaa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Brain adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in the alcohol-preferring AA (Alko Alcohol) and alcohol-avoiding ANA (Alko, Non-Alcohol) rats was examined. Both basal and Gpp(NH) p-stimulated AC activities were higher in the cerebral cortex of the ANA rats than in the AA rats. Isoproterenol-stimulated AC activity tended to increase in the cerebral cortex of the ANA rats compared to the AA rats. Basal AC activity in the striatum of the AA rats was higher than that in the ANA rats, however, striatal Gpp(NH)p-stimulated AC activity was not different between the two rats lines. In the mesolimbic and cerebellum, there was no difference in AC activity between the rat lines. These results suggest that the noradrenergic function in the cerebral cortex has an important role in the regulation of alcohol intake.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 1","pages":"26-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19492787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[ALDH phenotype in eating disorders with and without alcoholism].","authors":"K Suzuki,&nbsp;T Muramatsu,&nbsp;K Yamada,&nbsp;H Kono","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals who have inactive low Km aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH2) are much less likely to develop alcoholism than those who have active ALDH2. On the other hand, frequent alcoholism has been reported in eating disorder patients. Whether inactive ALDH2 works as an inhibitory factor for alcoholism in these patients is not known. We compared the ALDH2 phenotype in eating disorder patients with and without alcoholism. Among the 25 subjects (4 with anorexia nervosa, 6 with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, 13 with bulimia nervosa and 2 with eating disorder not otherwise specified according to the DSM-III-R), 13 were alcoholics and 12 were non-alcoholics. Isoelectric focusing of hair roots samples demonstrated that 8% of the alcoholic subjects had the inactive ALDH2, while 58% of the non-alcoholic subjects had this variant form of the isozyme (p < 0.01). The results suggest inactive ALDH2 has a similar inhibitory effect for alcoholism as in eating disorder patients as has been reported in normal populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"27 6","pages":"629-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12662527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Platelet adenylate cyclase activity in alcoholics].","authors":"T Saito,&nbsp;M Watanabe,&nbsp;Y Katamura,&nbsp;E Hashimoto,&nbsp;A Nabeshima,&nbsp;T Ashizawa,&nbsp;N Takahata","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Platelet adenylate cyclase (AC) activity in the long-term abstinent alcoholics, who maintained abstinence from alcohol for at least one year was examined. Guanine nucleotide [Gpp(NH)p] stimulated AC activity was not changed in platelet membrane from long-term abstinent alcoholics. However, the extent of AC activity induced by 250 mM ethanol in vitro, in the presence of 1 microM Gpp(NH)p, was significantly reduced in platelet membrane from long-term abstinent alcoholics. These results suggest that platelet AC activity may be a biological marker for alcoholics.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"27 6","pages":"623-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12662664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of ethanol intake by the mother rat on learning ability and behavior of offspring rats].","authors":"K Seki,&nbsp;M Omoto,&nbsp;T Imai,&nbsp;R Nomura","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effects of ethanol intake by the mother rat were studied in five groups of Fischer strain rats; we observed learning ability and behavior of offspring rats using a maze with eight radial arms. I The ethanol free-intake groups (F-) were given a 10% aqueous solution of ethanol, classified by length of ethanol exposure. The mother rats were exposed to ethanol from a young age. The offspring were classified as follows: A. to the delivery (F-DEL), B. to the lactation period (F-NURS), C. to the lactation period, and after weaning, the offspring was continuously exposed to the maze experiment (F-CON). II The ethanol compulsory-intake group (P-DEL) was given a 20% aqueous solution of ethanol, 2 ml/100 g b.w., for the first time on the first day of pregnancy. The solution was given orally once a day through gestation. III The control group was not exposed to ethanol. Radial arm maze observations were made on offspring rats during a total of 30 trials, and we made the following findings: 1) The number of trials required for fulfilling learning criterion was significantly large in F-DEL and F-NURS male rats groups relative to the controls; that is, F-DEL and F-NURS were slow in learning. The number of rats which did not fulfill the learning criterion was significantly large in F-DEL and F-NURS male rats groups, relative to the controls. 2) In all groups running time was shortened with training time, it was result of acclimation to the device and of practice to catch and eating feed. In female rats of the F-DEL and F-NURS groups, running time was not shortened with the training, relative to the control. 3) The behavior of the rats in the F-CON group differed from those in the other groups: The number of well-performed trials was significantly large in F-CON rats group relative to control. They seemed to lack carefulness, and the number of times they failed to eat the feeds even though they succeeded in selecting the correct arm, was significantly large in F-CON female rats group, relative to the controls, in the final 10 trials. Their motion was abrupt and they ran at extraordinarily high speeds. 4) The number of trials required for fulfilling learning criterion was significantly large in the P-DEL rats relative to the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"27 6","pages":"634-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12662528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of acute ethanol administration on lipid composition of rat liver plasma membrane and serum--with two different doses of ethanol].","authors":"T Yamashita,&nbsp;T Tanaka,&nbsp;M Warashina,&nbsp;K Kondo,&nbsp;Y Goto,&nbsp;S Kawai,&nbsp;K Kurai,&nbsp;S Kunito,&nbsp;T Monna,&nbsp;T Matsui","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This investigation was performed to determine whether acute ethanol administration (5 g and 3 g/kg body wt.) alters the lipid composition both of liver plasma membrane (LPM) and serum in rat or not. The changes of lipid composition of LPM and serum were observed during peak values which blood ethanol concentration was achieved, after both 5 g and 3 g/kg body wt. ethanol administration; LPM cholesterol (CH) content was significantly decreased, but LPM phospholipids (PL) content was not changed statistically. Serum CH and PL contents were significantly increased. However, CH/PL molar ratio showed significant decreases in both LPM and serum. SPM/PC in LPM was also decreased significantly. These changes of lipid composition in LPM were associated with the increase of the fluidity as demonstrated in our previous reports. These lipid values in ethanol treated animals expressed as a ratio of those from corresponding control animals, taken as 1, consisted with 0.7-0.8, that is very interesting from viewpoint of \"homeoviscous adaptation\", and in addition, suggesting the possibility that serum CH/PL molar ratio may be useful for the estimation of the changes of lipid composition concerned with LPM fluidity.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"27 6","pages":"613-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"12662663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}