Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence最新文献

{"title":"Changes in free and bound alcohol metabolites in the urine during ethanol oxidation.","authors":"S Tsukamoto,&nbsp;T Kanegae,&nbsp;S Uchigasaki,&nbsp;M Kitazawa,&nbsp;T Fujioka,&nbsp;S Fujioka,&nbsp;Y Imamura,&nbsp;T Nagoya,&nbsp;M Shimamura,&nbsp;Y Mieda","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Free and bound ethanol, acetaldehyde, acetate, acetone and methanol in urine during alcohol oxidation were analyzed by means of a head space gas chromatography. Four healthy male volunteers drank beer for 20 min with 16 ml/kg for non-flushers (A, B) and 8 ml/kg for flushers (C, D). In the urine, the highest bound ethanol levels were between 0.5-1.1 mM for the non-flushers (NF) and 0.2-0.3 mM for the flushers (F). The urine free ethanol levels were 23-70 times as high as bound ethanol levels. The maximum free acetaldehyde in urine was 11-13 microM for the NF and 26-55 microM for the F. The urine bound acetaldehyde levels were 4-5 microM for the NF and 7-15 microM for the F. Urine acetaldehyde existed in free forms at 2.4-3.6 times as high concentrations as in bound forms during ethanol oxidation. The urine free acetate ranged between 0.3-2.0 mM. The bound acetate varied between 0.7-1.1 mM. The urine free methanol at 70-110 microM before the intake increased to 104-180 microM. The bound methanol reached to 78-126 microM from 48-97 microM before the intake. Ethanol levels in the urine were ethanol dose-dependent, whereas it was thought that free and bound acetaldehyde or acetate reflected individual metabolic abilities and not the amount of ethanol consumed.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 6","pages":"441-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19121404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effects of ethanol on Gi protein function in rat cerebral cortex of Wistar and Fischer 344 rats: evaluation by low pH treatment].","authors":"S Hatta,&nbsp;N Amemiya,&nbsp;T Saito,&nbsp;N Takahata,&nbsp;H Ohshika","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study was designed to provide further information regarding the effect of ethanol on the function of inhibitory GTP-binding (Gi) protein. To eliminate the Gs function in the regulation of adenylyl cyclase, cerebral cortex membranes from Wistar or Fischer 344 rats were pretreated at pH 4.5 (\"low pH\"), whereupon Gpp(NH)p-dependent inhibition of forskolin-stimulated adenylyl cyclase was examined. In the membranes from Wistar rats, ethanol (100 or 250 mM) resulted in left-shifted Gpp(NH)p inhibition curves and reduced IC50 values for Gpp(NH)p in an ethanol dose-dependent manner. In contrast, ethanol exhibited no effect on the Gpp(NH)p-dependent inhibition of the enzyme or on IC50 values for Gpp(NH)p in the membranes from Fischer 344 rats. These results are consistent with the idea that ethanol, in vitro, enhances the Gi function in the cerebral cortex of Wistar rats, and that ethanol's effect on Gi protein in the cerebral cortex is different in Wistar and Fischer 344 rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 6","pages":"497-507"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19123101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Immune response against protein epitopes modified with acetaldehyde and its clinical significance in alcoholic liver diseases].","authors":"H Yokoyama","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, is capable to bind various proteins followed by the formation of acetaldehyde adducts. This condensate is supposed to act as a neoantigen. We have recently demonstrated the appearance of acetaldehyde adducts in liver of experimental animals after chronic ethanol treatment, and we produced an experimental hepatitis in guinea pig by immunization with acetaldehyde adducts and treatment with free access to ethanol. However the structure of acetaldehyde adducts and its characteristics are still vague. To elucidate the binding site of anti-adducts antibody against the epitope on adducts, we established a cell line of hybridoma producing monoclonal antibody. This monoclonal antibody recognized protein condensate modified with high concentration of acetaldehyde (1-10 mM) but not those modified with low concentration of it (20-200 microM), whereas the polyclonal antibody produced by conventional method recognized both of them. Using the affinity-purified adducts by monoclonal or polyclonal antibody-liganded column, we examined the antibody titers by ELISA. The elevation of antibody titer was more specific in chronic alcoholics, especially in patients with hepatic inflammatory change, when antibody was measured against the adducts purified by monoclonal antibody than against the adduct purified by polyclonal antibody. Namely, there exist different types of antibody according to the concentration of acetaldehyde to form the adducts. The concentration of acetaldehyde is thought to be much greater in the liver of alcoholics compared to the patient with non alcoholic liver disease. Actually we have immunohistochemically detected the adduct related to high concentration of acetaldehyde in the liver specimen of alcoholics. In conclusion, the appearance of adduct related to high concentration of acetaldehyde and the acquisition of immunity against it appear to be a characteristic feature in alcoholics with hepatic inflammation. Therefore, evaluation of circulating antibodies against protein epitope related to high concentration of acetaldehyde is helpful to know conditions of such types of liver disease seen in alcoholics.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 6","pages":"483-96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18520136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Sobriety factors in alcoholics].","authors":"H Mori,&nbsp;S Araki,&nbsp;K Yokoyama,&nbsp;S Handa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To examine sobriety factors which alcoholics understood being useful for recovery from alcoholism, a case-control study with self-completion questionnaires was conducted in 31 abstinent male alcoholics, aged 39-69 years (mean 53), who were taking part in Danshu-Kai (Japanese Abstinence meeting) for an average period of 5 years, and 31 age (+/- 5 years) matched male nonabstinent alcoholics, who were hospitalized because of alcoholism in a mental hospital for an average period of 7 months. The results indicated that abstinent alcoholics were significantly more married, employed, not hospitalized, having insight into disease as alcoholism, continuously abstinent over 2 years, and experienced in Danshu-Kai or Alcoholics Anonymous (A.A.) than nonabstinents, similarly understood that \"Abstinence meeting\" and \"Family\" significant factors for recovery from alcoholism, they realized that \"Risky\" was not effective for abstinence, whereas nonabstinents misunderstood that \"Risky\" was useful to their sobriety. It is suggested that \"Stability of business\", \"Married life\", and \"Insight into disease\" contribute to recovery from alcoholism; \"Abstinence meeting\", \"Pertinent support by family\" and \"Recognition of Risky\" are significant factors for sobriety.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 6","pages":"453-66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19121403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative analysis of erythrocyte velocity in rat liver after acute ethanol administration.","authors":"H Hamamatsu","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hepatic microcirculation is thought to be closely associated with the liver function. The present study was aimed to quantify changes in hepatic microcirculation after acute ethanol administration using a photometric device. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with pentobarbital sodium (35 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. After laparotomy, a lobe of the liver was exposed and placed on the cover glass at the window of plastic stage, and observed using inverted intravital fluorescence microscopy assisted by a silicon intensified target camera. Erythrocytes were labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) according to the method of Zimmerhackl et al, and injected from the catheter placed at the aortic arch. FITC-labeled red blood cells (FITC-RBCs) recirculated continuously and resembled native cells in their flow properties. Ethanol (20%; 3 g/kg, 30%; 4.5 g/kg, 40%; 6 g/kg) was administered through the stomach tube. The microfluorograph of hepatic microcirculation was then recorded on a videotape. The velocity of FITC-RBCs in sinusoids was measured with a multipurpose computerized image analyzing system by replaying the video images. Portal pressure, mean arterial pressure, and central venous pressure were also monitored. The velocity of FITC-RBCs in the sinusoid increased by 54% at 10-20 min after 20% ethanol administration and remained at higher than the basal level throughout the period of the experiment. The velocity after 30% ethanol administration increased in some experiments and decreased in the others at the end of the experiment (60 min after acute ethanol administration). However, the velocity decreased by 26% at 60 min after 40% ethanol administration. Portal pressure increased by 16% at 45-60 min after 20% ethanol administration, and increased by 23% at 30 min after 40% ethanol administration, while mean arterial pressure and central venous pressure had no significant change. The method in this study is the first approach to visualize hepatic microcirculation by FITC-RBCs and measure erythrocyte velocity in the sinusoid using a multipurpose computerized image analysis system. The current results suggest that high concentration of ethanol may disturb hepatic microcirculation at the sinusoidal level.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 6","pages":"467-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19121405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the levels of several endogenous opioid peptides in dog cerebrospinal fluid following morphine administration.","authors":"R Natsuki,&nbsp;W L Dewey","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The cisterna magna of dogs anesthetized with sodium Surital was fitted with a cannula, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was withdrawn before (control) and one hour after the s.c. injection of 10 mg/kg of morphine sulfate (morphine). The CSF from control and morphine-treated dogs was purified initially by gel filtration. Each fraction was submitted to opiate bioassay procedures, followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification on a mu-Bondapak C18 column. Two of the CSF fractions from HPLC purification showed greater opiate-like activity after morphine treatment than that in controls. One fraction contained morphine, the other an unknown peptide. This latter fraction produced a dose-dependent effect in the mouse tail-flick test. This fraction did not show radioimmunoreactivity to methionine (met)- or leucine (leu)-enkephalins, but showed a small amount of reactivity to beta-endorphin and dynorphin (1-13). Further purification of this fraction by HPLC yielded a fraction with five peaks, which upon amino acid analysis were found to contain small peptides. Met- and Leu-enkephalins, beta-endorphin and dynorphin (1-13)-like immunoreactivity in the fraction in which the respective standard was eluted by HPLC was significantly increased after a single administration of morphine. Based on these results, it is suggested that morphine at an antinociceptive dose causes the release of endogenous opioid peptides and may also stimulate the biosynthesis of their precursor molecules, pre-pro-opiomelanocortin, pre-pro-enkephalin A and pre-pro-enkephalin B.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 5","pages":"379-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19256839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Contribution of the ALDH2 and CYP2E1 genes to flushing response and drinking patterns in Japanese healthy volunteers].","authors":"K Iwahashi,&nbsp;K Nakamura,&nbsp;H Suwaki,&nbsp;Y Matsuo,&nbsp;K Orino","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Relationship between genotypes of the loci for ALDH2 and CYP2E1 and the flushing response as well as drinking pattern were investigated among 31 Japanese healthy persons. In 14 persons who showed flushing symptom and whose ALDH2 genotype was heterozygote (ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2), 6 persons whose CYP2E1 genotype was mutant homozygote or heterozygote (C2/C2 or C1/C2), reported to drink more frequently and their alcohol consumption was higher than that of C1/C1 carriers. However, 2 subjects possessing C2 allele in 3 persons carrying ALDH2 homozygous genotype showed very low alcohol consumption. It is concluded that a person heterozygous for ALDH2 and either mutant homozygous or heterozygous for CYP2E1 may become able to drink more alcohol, if his drinking pattern grows more frequent.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 5","pages":"395-9"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19256840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Genetic and epidemiologic studies on alcoholic liver diseases].","authors":"S Harada,&nbsp;S Takase,&nbsp;N Horiike,&nbsp;K Ishii,&nbsp;H Ishii,&nbsp;A Takada","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Polymorphic alleles of several genes such as ADH2, ALDH2, ApoB100, GST1, GST3 and ALAD were investigated from the aspect of the relationship with alcohol related diseases. DNAs were prepared from whole blood samples of 84 healthy controls (male), 70 patients (male) with alcohol related diseases and 87 patients (male) with non-alcoholic diseases. PCR technique was used for the detection of GST1 showed a good correlation to alcoholic liver diseases. The patients with alcoholic liver diseases had a higher frequency of ALDH2*1 than the healthy controls (p < 0.005). The frequencies of GST1 gene deletion in the samples were as follows: Healthy controls; 47.6%, alcoholic liver diseases (fibrosis: 75%, cirrhosis: 65.5%, hepatoma: 75%) and non-alcoholic liver diseases: 54%. The data indicated that the patients with alcoholic liver diseases had a significantly higher frequency of gene deletion than the healthy controls (p < 0.005). In addition, homozygote of ALAD1 allele detected by MpsI-RFLP showed a good correlation to alcoholic liver diseases. Thus, the genetic polymorphism of ALDH2, GST1 gene deletion and ALAD can be applied widely for the study of genetic association with alcoholic liver diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 5","pages":"400-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19256841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[28th Conference of Japan Medical Society of Alcohol Studies. Abstracts].","authors":"","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 4","pages":"161-363"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19098530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Effect of ethanol on isometric tone of aorta from guinea pig].","authors":"H Masui,&nbsp;I Wakabayashi,&nbsp;K Hatake,&nbsp;M Kurahashi,&nbsp;S Yoshimoto,&nbsp;S Hishida,&nbsp;K Sakamoto","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Using aortic strips isolated from guinea pig, effects of ethanol on vascular smooth muscle tone were studied. Low concentrations (5, 50, 100 mM) of ethanol potentiated norepinephrine and serotonin-induced contractions, but not KCl-induced one. Ethanol (100 mM) potentiated calcium-induced contraction in the presence of norepinephrine, but not that in the presence of KCl. Ethanol (100 mM) showed no effects on norepinephrine-induced contraction in the calcium-free medium. Ethanol (100 mM) augmented 45Ca uptake stimulated with norepinephrine, but not that with KCl. Ethanol at the higher concentration of 600 mM by itself induced contraction, which was inhibited by trifluoperazine or in the calcium-free medium, but not by phentolamine, diphenhydramine, methysergide, indomethacin or nifedipine. Ethanol (600 mM) directly increased 45Ca uptake, which was not affected by nifedipine. These findings indicate that the low concentrations of ethanol potentiate receptor-mediated vascular smooth muscle contraction and the higher concentration of ethanol directly contracts it via facilitation of transmembranous calcium influx.</p>","PeriodicalId":77015,"journal":{"name":"Arukoru kenkyu to yakubutsu izon = Japanese journal of alcohol studies & drug dependence","volume":"28 3","pages":"79-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19334146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}