American Journal of Reproductive Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Chemokines and Their Association With Symptom Severity in Women With Endometriosis","authors":"Anton Sommar,&nbsp;Pinar Yalcin Bahat,&nbsp;Ipek Yildiz Özaydin,&nbsp;Eray Metin Güler,&nbsp;Marie Bixo,&nbsp;Torbjörn Bäckström,&nbsp;Engin Oral,&nbsp;Sahruh Turkmen","doi":"10.1111/aji.70156","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70156","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Various chemokines have been linked to endometriosis. Notably, chemokines such as CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL1 have also been shown to promote nociception. In this study, we investigated whether increased serum concentrations and endometrial expression of chemokines (specifically CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL1) are associated with heightened severity of pain symptoms in women with endometriosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The study included women with endometriosis (with [<i>n</i> = 27] and without [<i>n</i> = 24] hormonal treatment) as well as healthy controls (<i>n</i> = 22). All participants underwent blood sampling and an endometrial biopsy during the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Symptom severity in the patient group was assessed using the pain dimension of the Endometriosis Health Profile 30 (EHP-30) and a visual analog scale (VAS) for pain.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Serum levels of CCL2 and CXCL1, as well as endometrial expression of CXCL8, were lower in women with endometriosis compared to controls. Furthermore, increased serum levels of CCL2, CXCL8, and CXCL1 were associated with higher EHP-30 pain domain scores in women with endometriosis. Similarly, elevated endometrial expression of CXCL8 and CXCL1 correlated with higher VAS scores. Notably, when the patient group was stratified based on ongoing hormonal treatment, CXCL1 emerged as the most promising target, with both increased serum concentration and endometrial expression consistently being associated with greater symptom severity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our results suggest that chemokines, particularly CXCL1, are associated with greater pain severity and reduced quality of life in women with endometriosis. However, these correlations do not establish causality and should be interpreted with caution.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aji.70156","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Expression of MHC Class I Molecules (HLA-A, -B, -C, -E, -F, -G, and -J) Decreases From Early to Late Stage in Ovarian Cancer","authors":"Caglar Berkel","doi":"10.1111/aji.70154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70154","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interferon-ε (IFNε), which is highly abundant in the epithelium of the female reproductive tract (FRT), is a recently identified tumor suppressor for ovarian cancer. IFNε induces the expression of certain HLA class I family members in HGSOC (high-grade serous ovarian cancer), and its expression is lost during ovarian tumorigenesis. However, tumor stage–dependent expression of HLA class I family members in ovarian cancer has not been previously studied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Data analysis and visualization were performed using various gene expression and transcriptomics datasets in the R statistical programming environment.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We found that the expression of HLA-A, -B, -C, -E, -F, -G, and -J is lower in late stage ovarian tumors compared to early-stage tumors. The total expression of HLA class I family members decreases with age in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, we showed that the expression of some IFN-regulated genes, which were shown to be upregulated by IFNε, decreases from early to late stage in ovarian cancer, in parallel to the loss of IFNε expression in ovarian tumorigenesis and possibly in tumor progression. We also found that breast tumors (another hormonally driven cancer) with positive progesterone receptor status have lower IFNε mRNA expression compared to those with negative PR status. Besides, we reported that breast tumors with positive estrogen receptor (ER) status have lower expression of IFNε compared to those with negative ER status.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Combined, this study points that the decrease in the expression of IFNε, HLAs, or some other IFNε-regulated genes during ovarian cancer progression might contribute to worse prognosis in advanced disease.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144935180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comments on “Effect of COVID-19 Infection During Pregnancy on the Plasma/Extracellular Vesicles Proinflammatory Cytokine Profile”","authors":"Renu Sah,&nbsp;Ankita Mathur,&nbsp;Venkata Dileep Kumar Veldi","doi":"10.1111/aji.70149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70149","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144929675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comment on “Outcomes of Ultimpro Testing Implementation for Patients With Unexplained Recurrent Implantation Failure: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study”","authors":"Ranjana Sah,&nbsp;Rachana Mehta","doi":"10.1111/aji.70146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70146","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144910394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of Cytokines and Chemokines During the Peripartum Period in People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus","authors":"Jacqueline Corry,&nbsp;Natalia Zotova,&nbsp;Martine Tabala,&nbsp;Christina K. Cotrone,&nbsp;Fidéle Lumande Kasindi,&nbsp;Bienvenu Lebwaze Massamba,&nbsp;Pelagie Babakazo,&nbsp;Namal P. M. Liyanage,&nbsp;Nicholas T. Funderburg,&nbsp;Marcel Yotebieng,&nbsp;Jesse J. Kwiek","doi":"10.1111/aji.70147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70147","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pregnancy requires a precisely regulated immune response to support fetal development and minimize complications. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection induces a chronic inflammatory state and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. In this observational cohort of pregnant people living with HIV in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), we sought to gain a deeper understanding of peripartum changes in cytokines, chemokines and soluble factors (collectively termed immune factors).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pregnant individuals living with HIV were enrolled during their second or third trimester in Kinshasa, DRC, between October 2020 and May 2021. Peripheral blood samples were collected at: enrollment (second or third trimester), 1–3 days postdelivery and postpartum. Concentrations of 45 immune factors were measured using LegendPlex and ELISAs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Most chemokines decreased significantly from enrollment to postdelivery, followed by a rebound in the postpartum period. Meanwhile, concentrations of myoglobin, serum amyloid A-1 protein (SAA), and interleukin 6 (IL-6), increased from enrollment to postdelivery, followed by a decrease postpartum. Finally, protein S100-A8/protein S100-A9 (S100A8/A9) and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 4 (IGFBP4) consistently increased from enrollment through postpartum.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The postdelivery decline in chemokines observed in this study has not previously been reported. This shift may result from two mechanisms: greater-than-expected placental chemokine production or the degradation of key signaling molecules during parturition and early uterine involution. Additionally, the rise in proinflammatory markers from enrollment to postdelivery suggests a persistent inflammatory state, either unaffected by fetal delivery or worsened by tissue damage in the gestational parent.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aji.70147","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstrual Effluent Derived Immune Cell Composition Is Distinct in Women Using Contraceptives: A Pilot Study","authors":"Aysel Gurbanova,&nbsp;Anne Stoverink,&nbsp;Imke M. B. van Wandeloo,&nbsp;Annemiek Nap,&nbsp;Nicole M. de Roos,&nbsp;Marien I. de Jonge,&nbsp;Janneke S. Hoogstad - van Evert,&nbsp;Renate G. van der Molen","doi":"10.1111/aji.70145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70145","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Menstrual effluent (ME) is widely used to study immune-related reproductive disorders. However, women using contraceptives are often excluded from such studies due to limited knowledge of their impact on the endometrial immune cell composition. This gap in knowledge restricts our ability to include women using contraceptives in the scientific investigations and account for potential immunological variations associated with contraceptive use. Therefore, we aim to investigate whether contraceptive use is associated with differences in the uterine immune system.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>ME was collected from women using combined oral contraceptives (COC, <i>n</i> = 5), a copper intrauterine device (IUD, <i>n</i> = 3), or no contraceptives (<i>n</i> = 5). Immune cells were isolated from ME and analyzed using flow-cytometry. Data were analyzed using an unpaired <i>t</i>-test, followed by multiple testing correction using the false discovery rate (FDR) method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Women using COCs exhibited a marked reduction in the frequency of the immunoregulatory CD56^brightCD16⁻ endometrial Natural Killer (eNK) cells compared to women using no contraceptives (30.1% ± 5.99 and 66.0% ± 10.6; <i>p</i> = 0.001). Additionally, women using copper IUD showed elevated frequencies of proliferating Ki-67⁺CD8⁺ T cells compared to COC users and controls (19.8% ± 4.3, 2.69% ± 1.23, and 3.77% ± 4.4).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This pilot study highlights the importance of considering contraceptive use when studying immune-related reproductive problems.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aji.70145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144888147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Risk of Gestational Metabolic Disorders: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study","authors":"Feng Zhan,&nbsp;Huijuan Yang,&nbsp;Xuemei Li,&nbsp;Yina Guo,&nbsp;Jianbo Wu,&nbsp;Lidan He","doi":"10.1111/aji.70144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN) has been implicated in gestational metabolic disorders (GMD), yet their causal relationships remain unclear. This study employed genetic approaches to investigate potential causal associations between mtDNA-CN and various GMDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics from large-scale populations: mtDNA-CN (<i>n</i> = 395 718), preeclampsia (PE) (<i>n</i> = 267 242), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) (<i>n</i> = 123 579), gestational hypertension (GH) (<i>n</i> = 118 990), hyperlipidemia (<i>n</i> = 9714), and obesity (<i>n</i> = 463 010). Independent single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were rigorously selected as instrumental variables (IVs) following stringent criteria. The primary analysis employed the fixed-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Multiple sensitivity analyses, including leave-one-out analysis, Cochran's Q test, and MR-Egger regression, were conducted to assess the robustness of our findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The IVW analysis revealed a significant protective association between increased mtDNA-CN and PE risk (OR = 0.6262, 95% CI: 0.4201–0.9335, <i>p </i>= 0.0283). However, no significant associations were observed between mtDNA-CN and other GMDs (all <i>p </i>&gt; 0.05). Sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger regression, showed no evidence of horizontal pleiotropy (all <i>p</i> &gt; 0.05), supporting the robustness of our findings.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This genetic investigation provides compelling evidence for a potentially protective effect of higher mtDNA-CN against PE development. These findings not only suggest mtDNA-CN as a promising biomarker for PE risk assessment but also offer novel insights into the biological mechanisms underlying PE, potentially informing future preventive strategies and therapeutic interventions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Leuko-Glycemic Index and Liver Fibrosis Markers in Gestational Diabetes Prediction: A Novel Perspective","authors":"Gizem Aktemur,&nbsp;Nazan Vanlı Tonyalı,&nbsp;Betül Tokgöz Çakır,&nbsp;Gülsan Karabay,&nbsp;Zeynep Seyhanli,&nbsp;Ahmet Arif Filiz,&nbsp;Mevlüt Bucak,&nbsp;Serap Topkara Sucu,&nbsp;İslam Aslanlı,&nbsp;Mehmet Ünsal,&nbsp;Ali Turhan Çağlar","doi":"10.1111/aji.70136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70136","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the potential role of the Leuko-Glycemic Index (LGI) and liver fibrosis markers, specifically the Fibrosis-4 Index (FIB-4) and Aspartate Aminotransferase/Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), in predicting gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its association with adverse neonatal outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted at Ankara Etlik City Hospital, including 1173 pregnant women, of whom 576 (49.1%) were diagnosed with GDM and 597 (50.9%) served as controls. LGI, APRI, and FIB-4 scores were calculated using first- and second-trimester laboratory data. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, were performed to assess their predictive value for GDM and neonatal outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LGI was significantly lower in the GDM group during both the first and second trimesters (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). ROC analysis demonstrated that LGI had a statistically modest discriminative ability for GDM (AUC = 0.583 and 0.609 for the first and second trimesters, respectively, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). However, FIB-4 and APRI indices were not significant predictors of GDM. First-trimester APRI scores were significantly associated with adverse neonatal outcomes (AUC = 0.607, <i>p</i> = 0.004).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>LGI was identified as a potential predictive marker for GDM, supporting its role as an inflammation-related index in GDM risk assessment. While APRI scores in the first trimester correlated with adverse neonatal outcomes, FIB-4, and APRI indices were not effective predictors of GDM. Further prospective studies with larger cohorts are needed to confirm these findings and explore the clinical applicability of LGI in early GDM screening.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between SARS-COV-2 Infection and Sperm DNA Fragmentation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","authors":"Zahra Asadi,&nbsp;Asad Vaisi-Raygani,&nbsp;Roya Safari-Faramani,&nbsp;Mahmoud Ghasemi,&nbsp;Faranak Aghaz","doi":"10.1111/aji.70143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70143","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SARS-CoV-2 infection affects various sperm quality parameters. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 infection on sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic literature search was performed across four databases for studies published between January 1, 2019, and January 1, 2025. The inclusion criteria focused on studies evaluating sperm DNA fragmentation in healthy men infected with the virus. The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). A meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model based on the tests employed in the studies to measure SDF. Data were reported as weighted mean differences (WMD) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). Out of 105 identified citations, seven articles were included in this analysis. The NOS results indicated that all studies were of high quality. Subgroup analysis revealed that all testing methods, including TUNEL, flow cytometry, and the sperm chromatin dispersion (SCD) test, demonstrated high heterogeneity, with the lowest heterogeneity found in the TUNEL test.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The pooled analysis indicated a statistically significant increase in SDF (random effects model, WMD = 12.558, 95% CI: 4.482 to 20.635, <i>I</i>² = 99%, Z = 3.05, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). This meta-analysis suggests a statistically significant reduction in sperm DNA integrity 2–3 months following COVID-19 infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>However, caution is warranted when interpreting these results due to the high heterogeneity, which may affect the outcomes. A thorough analysis considering participant characteristics and infection status is recommended.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144869984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship Between Serum Autotaxin Levels and Fasting Bile Acid in Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy","authors":"Zuhal Köksal,&nbsp;Tuğba Ağbal,&nbsp;Funda Güçel,&nbsp;Şeyma Sarışen","doi":"10.1111/aji.70142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is the most common pregnancy-related liver disease, especially in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Autotaxin (ATX) has been reported to play a critical role, especially in cholestatic pruritus, and serum ATX levels are associated with ICP. The aim of this study was to determine the serum ATX level in ICP, to evaluate its relationship with fasting bile acid (FBA) level, and its use in the diagnosis of ICP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Forty-three patients diagnosed with ICP and 45 healthy pregnant women were included in the study. Gestational week at diagnosis, serum parameters, FBA, pruritus intensity, gestational week, and birth weight were recorded. Venous blood was collected from all patients for ATX levels, stored under appropriate conditions, and measured enzymatically after the study was completed.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Although ATX level was found to be higher in patients with ICP (<i>n</i> = 43; 350.5 ± 348.7 pg/mL) compared to the control group (<i>n</i> = 45; 219.7 ± 131.5 pg/mL), this increase was not statistically significant (<i>p</i> = 0.325). Again, no significant correlation was found between ATX levels and FBA levels (<i>p</i> = 0.326). There was a weak correlation between the severity of pruritus and serum FBA levels (<i>p</i> = 0.024), but no correlation was found between ATX levels and pruritus severity (<i>p</i> = 0.437).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>There was no significant difference in autotoxin levels in pregnant women with ICP compared to healthy pregnant women. These findings suggest that autotoxin activity may not be appropriate for the diagnosis of ICP, and larger clinical studies are needed to understand the effect of autotoxin in ICP.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"94 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2025-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}