American Journal of Reproductive Immunology最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic Interventions for Preeclampsia: Integrating Placental and Maternal Perspectives","authors":"Shrreya S. Sudade,&nbsp;Luisa Wallentowitz,&nbsp;Emma M. Giesen,&nbsp;Evelyn A. Huhn,&nbsp;Ann-Christin Tallarek,&nbsp;Sandra M. Blois,&nbsp;Stefan Verlohren","doi":"10.1111/aji.70299","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70299","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Preeclampsia (PE), a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality worldwide. Beyond the immediate pregnancy impact, it is also associated with increased long-term risks in both the mother and the offspring. Currently, no causal therapy exists. Consequently, the complex and heterogeneous nature of PE necessitates the exploration of novel therapeutic targets to improve maternal and fetal outcomes. This review summarizes models of pathogenesis in PE, particularly the two-stage model of the development of PE, where the placenta is suggested to be the main source of the disease, and the postulation that PE is a result of dysfunction of the maternal cardiovascular system. We explore novel therapeutic approaches, considering the underlying mechanisms such as galectin-13, placental growth factor, therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), trophoblast-targeted nanomedicine, gene therapy, nitric oxide donors, endothelin receptor antagonists, and mesenchymal stem cells. Challenges in translating preclinical findings to clinical practice, including animal model limitations and ethical considerations, are discussed. Finally, this review integrates current treatment options, discusses their limitations, highlights ethical considerations, and outlines future directions for PE therapeutics, emphasizing the need for personalized therapeutic strategies.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148811774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Systemic Inflammatory Indices in Pregnant Women With Deep Vein Thrombosis","authors":"Dilara Sarikaya Kurt,&nbsp;Recep Taha Ağaoğlu,&nbsp;Ayberk Çakır,&nbsp;Ahmet Kurt,&nbsp;Aziz Kından,&nbsp;Özgür Volkan Akbulut,&nbsp;Murat Levent Dereli,&nbsp;Yaprak Engin Üstün","doi":"10.1111/aji.70298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70298","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;div&gt;\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Objective&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Venous thromboembolism (VTE) remains an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality, yet the diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) during pregnancy is challenging because clinical symptoms overlap with physiological gestational changes and D-dimer specificity is reduced. This study evaluated the association between complete blood count-derived systemic inflammatory indices and pregnancy-associated DVT.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Methods&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;This retrospective case-control study included 36 pregnant women with Doppler ultrasonography-confirmed DVT and 36 healthy pregnant controls matched for maternal age and gestational age. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI) were calculated from routine complete blood counts. Univariable and multivariable Firth penalized logistic regression analyses were performed, adjusting for body mass index, history of cesarean delivery, and varicose veins. Elastic net penalized regression was used for variable selection. Gestational age-stratified sensitivity analyses, false discovery rate correction, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses, and a supplementary trimester-specific D-dimer threshold analysis were also performed.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Results&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;Women with DVT had higher NLR, SII, SIRI, AISI, and D-dimer levels than controls, whereas PLR and MLR did not differ significantly. After false discovery rate correction, NLR, SII, SIRI, and AISI remained statistically significant. In multivariable Firth regression, NLR, SII, and D-dimer were independently associated with DVT. Elastic net analysis identified NLR and SII as the most informative inflammatory indices. ROC analyses showed moderate discriminatory performance for NLR and SII, either alone or combined with D-dimer. The gestational age-stratified analyses showed a consistent direction of association, while trimester-specific D-dimer thresholds increased specificity but substantially reduced sensitivity in this cohort.&lt;/p&gt;\u0000 &lt;/section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;section&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;h3&gt; Conclusion&lt;/h3&gt;\u0000 \u0000 &lt;p&gt;NLR and SII were associated with pregnancy-associated DVT and may reflect the thrombo-inflammatory component of this condition. However, the findings are exploratory and hypothesis-generating. These indices should be considered only as adjunctive markers within the existing diagnostic workflow, not as standalone diagnostic tools. Prospective studies using standardized sampling and pregnancy-adapte","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Menstruation is Associated With Cyclical Granulysin Peaks in Vaginal Secretions Despite Stable Expression by Cervicovaginal Immune Cells","authors":"Sean M. Hughes,&nbsp;Claire N. Levy,&nbsp;Dendron R. Chamberlain,&nbsp;Dana Varon,&nbsp;Britt Murphy,&nbsp;Katharine Schwedhelm,&nbsp;Juma Shafi,&nbsp;Jennifer M. Lund,&nbsp;Martin Prlic,&nbsp;Stephen C. De Rosa,&nbsp;Elizabeth Micks,&nbsp;Christine Johnston,&nbsp;Florian Hladik","doi":"10.1111/aji.70311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70311","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The anti-microbial protein granulysin is present in vaginal secretions during the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle but nearly disappears during the luteal phase. The reason for this change is unknown.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (<i>n</i> = 23) with regular menstrual cycles collected daily vaginal swabs for granulysin ELISAs. Endocervical cytobrushes, ectocervical biopsies, vaginal biopsies, and PBMC were collected across the cycle to enumerate granulysin-expressing cells by flow cytometry. Cycle phase was determined by daily urinary luteinizing hormone testing and confirmed by serum progesterone levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Granulysin levels in secretions were up to 10 000 times higher during menstruation than during the luteal phase (menstruation, median 3924 pg/mL [IQR 400–17,280]; luteal, median and IQR undetectable [&lt;7.81 pg/mL]). In the endocervical canal, granulysin-expressing cells were much more abundant during menstruation than during the mid-follicular or mid-luteal phases. In contrast, the number of granulysin-expressing cells in the ectocervix and vagina remained stable during the cycle. The most abundant granulysin-expressing cell types in the mucosa were CD8 T cells and NK cells. In a minority of participants, granulysin was consistently detected in luteal-phase swabs; this phenomenon was associated with parity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Granulysin in vaginal secretions is associated with menstruation and concomitant with a spike in granulysin-expressing cells in the endocervical canal. This result explains the much higher granulysin levels in secretions during the follicular than the luteal phase. In contrast, immune cells from ectocervical and vaginal biopsies express granulysin independently of the menstrual cycle, indicating their continuous ability to respond to microbial infection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aji.70311","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148784424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of the Vaginal Microbiome and Microbial Metabolites on HIV Transmission at the Female Reproductive Tract Epithelial Barrier","authors":"Brianna Jesaveluk,&nbsp;Paula Ellenberg,&nbsp;Anna C. Hearps,&nbsp;Gilda Tachedjian","doi":"10.1111/aji.70312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70312","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Despite major advances in biomedical HIV prevention strategies, almost 50% of the 1.3 million new HIV infections in 2024 occurred in women and girls through heterosexual transmission. Choice in HIV prevention modalities is needed throughout a women's lifespan to increase pre-exposure prophylaxis uptake; however, there is a paucity of topical, on-demand options. To establish HIV infection, the virus translocates across the epithelial barrier of the upper and lower female reproductive tract to infect CD4 + HIV target cells in the submucosa. The vaginal microbiome modulates this process. Women colonised with an optimal <i>Lactobacillus</i>-dominated vaginal microbiota are more protected against acquiring HIV compared to women with a non-optimal vaginal microbiota including bacterial vaginosis (BV), characterised by an overgrowth of diverse anaerobes and a paucity of beneficial lactobacilli. Optimal <i>Lactobacillus</i> spp. produce ∼1% lactic acid, which in women with a <i>Lactobacillus</i>-dominant microbiota acidifies the vaginal pH to less than 4.5, inactivates HIV, exerts antimicrobial effects against BV–associated bacteria, directly inhibits inflammatory responses elicited from cervicovaginal epithelial cells and blocks HIV translocation in vitro. Beneficial properties of optimal vaginal lactobacilli and/or lactic acid can potentially be exploited in vaginal delivery strategies to help prevent vaginal dysbiosis and its adverse sexual and reproductive outcomes including HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aji.70312","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Comment on “Distinct Suppression of Prednisone on Endometrial Immune Cells in Women With Reproductive Failure””","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/aji.70297","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70297","url":null,"abstract":"<p>J. Linxi, L. Shiling, and Z. Hongli et al., “Comment on “Distinct Suppression of Prednisone on Endometrial Immune Cells in Women With Reproductive Failure”” <i>American Journal of Reproductive Immunology</i> 94, no. 5 (2025): e70186, https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70186.</p><p>In the article, there is an error in author affiliation.</p><p>The incorrect affiliation reads:</p><p>Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Medicine, Zhejiang, China</p><p>The correct affiliation reads:</p><p>Hangzhou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University.</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aji.70297","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interleukin-1 Receptor Accessory Protein Amplifies Trophoblast Inflammatory Signaling in Inflammation-Associated Preterm Birth","authors":"Jasmine Edghill,&nbsp;Busra Cetinkaya-Un,&nbsp;Jessica Lynch,&nbsp;Burak Un,&nbsp;Isabella Hetherington,&nbsp;Md. Abu Rahat,&nbsp;Marian Kacerovsky,&nbsp;Charles J. Lockwood,&nbsp;Ozlem Guzeloglu-Kayisli,&nbsp;Hana Totary-Jain","doi":"10.1111/aji.70310","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70310","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Inflammation contributes to spontaneous preterm birth, yet mechanisms regulating trophoblast inflammatory responsiveness remain unclear. Interleukin-1 beta (IL1β) is a potent mediator of labor-associated inflammation, but the role of its accessory receptor, IL-1 receptor accessory protein (IL-1RAP), at the maternal-fetal interface is poorly understood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>IL-1RAP expression and localization were assessed in preterm chorioamniotic membranes with or without intra-amniotic inflammation. Decidual regulation of trophoblast IL1RAP was evaluated in primary trophoblasts, and gain- and loss-of-function studies in HTR8/SV^neo cells tested its role in IL-1β-induced inflammatory signaling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p><i>IL1RAP</i> expression was increased in fetal membranes from inflammation-associated preterm labor and IL-1RAP localized prominently to extravillous trophoblasts. Decidual cell-conditioned media increased trophoblast <i>IL1RAP</i> expression. IL1RAP overexpression enhanced basal and IL-1β-induced expression of inflammatory mediators, including <i>TNF</i>, <i>IL1B</i>, <i>IL6</i>, and <i>CXCL8/IL8</i>, whereas <i>IL1RAP</i> silencing most consistently attenuated IL-1β-induced <i>TNF</i> expression.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings identify trophoblast IL-1RAP as an amplifier of IL-1β-mediated inflammatory signaling and support further investigation of IL-1RAP in inflammation-associated preterm birth.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148783987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Value of Platelet-Rich Plasma Treatment in Reproductive Disorders: An Umbrella Review","authors":"Guangyu Ma,&nbsp;Wanrong Huang,&nbsp;Xun Zeng,&nbsp;Lang Qin,&nbsp;Rui Gao,&nbsp;Jian Chen","doi":"10.1111/aji.70305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70305","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an autologous regenerative therapy investigated for improving endometrial receptivity, ovarian function, and reproductive outcomes. To address inconsistent findings across existing reviews, we conducted an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses identified from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, with evidence appraised using AMSTAR-2 and GRADE. Twenty-one reviews were included. In women with recurrent implantation failure, intrauterine PRP was associated with improved live birth, clinical pregnancy, and biochemical pregnancy rates. Similar benefits were observed in women with previous implantation failure and in assisted reproductive technology (ART) populations. PRP also modestly increased endometrial thickness and implantation rates. In women with thin endometrium or intrauterine adhesions, PRP improved pregnancy outcomes and reduced cycle cancellation, while miscarriage rates were largely unchanged. Intra-ovarian PRP improved ovarian reserve markers, hormone profiles, oocyte yield, and embryo quality in women with poor ovarian response, premature ovarian insufficiency, or diminished ovarian reserve, although effects on pregnancy and live birth were variable. Overall, PRP shows potential benefits, but the certainty of evidence ranged from very low to moderate due to heterogeneity and methodological limitations. High-quality randomized controlled trials are required to confirm efficacy and guide clinical practice.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Special Issue on New Horizons in HIV and Reproductive Health Research","authors":"Charles R. Wira,&nbsp;Susan Cu-Uvin,&nbsp;Barbara L. Shacklett,&nbsp;Florian Hladik,&nbsp;Alan Landay","doi":"10.1111/aji.70307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70307","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is the HLA System Really Involved in Implantation, Pregnancy, or Abortion of the Fetus?: Strengths, Weaknesses, and Controversial Points","authors":"Alicia Hita,&nbsp;Carmen Botella,&nbsp;José Antonio Galian,&nbsp;Rosana González-López,&nbsp;Marina Fernández-González,&nbsp;María José Alegría-Marcos,&nbsp;Rosa Moya-Quiles,&nbsp;Helios Martínez-Banaclocha,&nbsp;Manuel Muro-Pérez,&nbsp;Javier Muro,&nbsp;Alfredo Minguela,&nbsp;Isabel Legaz,&nbsp;Manuel Muro","doi":"10.1111/aji.70309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70309","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problems</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Pregnancy is a sensitizing event for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles, as the fetus, acting as a semi-allograft, expresses maternal and paternal haplotypes in a codominant manner. Consequently, the mother may develop anti-HLA antibodies directed against the paternal haplotype. However, unlike in organ transplantation, this sensitization is not usually associated with fetal rejection in multiparous women, raising a central question in reproductive immunology: How is maternal-fetal tolerance achieved and maintained?</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review examines the influence of the HLA system on the immunological mechanisms underlying maternal–fetal tolerance.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Accumulating evidence suggests that this phenomenon results from a complex network of cellular and molecular interactions. The roles of non-classical HLA molecules, particularly HLA-G, the modulation of NK activity via KIR receptors, and the expansion of regulatory T cells, which contribute to the maintenance of systemic immunological tolerance, are highlighted. In parallel, the relevance of anti-HLA antibodies and polymorphisms in HLA regulatory regions in susceptibility to gestational complications has been investigated.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>It considers how insights from reproductive immunology may inform related fields such as transplantation and oncology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148753506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association Between Leukocytospermia and Varicocele in Patients With Infertility","authors":"Eslam M. Eldamnhoury,&nbsp;Ahmed I. El-Sakka","doi":"10.1111/aji.70308","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70308","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Male infertility is a complex condition affected by multiple anatomical, physiological, and biochemical factors. Among the most commonly risk factors are leukocytospermia and varicocele, which are associated with increased oxidative stress and affected sperm function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The aim of this study is to address the association between leukocytospermia and varicocele in patients with infertility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We had revised the studies from 2000–2025 that addressed the role of each leukocytospermia, varicocele and both of them on infertility.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Recent studies have suggested a potential link between leukocytospermia and varicocele, particularly in infertile patients, with each condition potentially exacerbating the detrimental effects of the other.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This review had explored the independent and combined impacts of leukocytospermia and varicocele on semen parameters and hormonal profiles, shedding light on their roles in male infertility and underlining the importance of integrated diagnostic and therapeutic approaches.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"96 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148754093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}