American Journal of Reproductive Immunology最新文献

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Correction to “Bushen Xiaozheng Decoction Improves Immunosuppression in a Rat Model of Endometriosis by Reducing IL-10 and TGF-β Levels” 修正“补肾消正汤通过降低IL-10和TGF-β水平改善子宫内膜异位症大鼠模型的免疫抑制”。
IF 2.4 3区 医学
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-09 DOI: 10.1111/aji.70233
{"title":"Correction to “Bushen Xiaozheng Decoction Improves Immunosuppression in a Rat Model of Endometriosis by Reducing IL-10 and TGF-β Levels”","authors":"","doi":"10.1111/aji.70233","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70233","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Chen F, Cui Y, Zhang W. Bushen Xiaozheng Decoction Improves Immunosuppression in a Rat Model of Endometriosis by Reducing IL-10 and TGF-β Levels. <i>J. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology</i>. 2026;95:e70223</p><p>In Table 1 (Primer sequences) on page 4 of the published article, an additional, redundant reverse primer sequence was incorrectly included under the “Rat IL-10” entry. The original, incorrect Table 1 is reproduced below:\u0000\u0000 </p><p>This second “Reverse” entry for Rat IL-10 is redundant and should be removed. The corrected, final version of Table 1 is provided below:\u0000\u0000 </p><p>In the author affiliation section of the published article, the city affiliation listed for first author and third author under affiliation 1 was incorrectly stated as “Taiyuan” instead of the correct city “Jinzhong.”</p><p>We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/aji.70233","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147637922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Predictive Potential of Plasma Acute Phase- and Adhesion-Related Proteins and Progranulin for Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Women With Preterm Labor 血浆急性期蛋白和黏附相关蛋白及前蛋白对早产妇女羊膜内感染/炎症和自发性早产的预测潜力
IF 2.4 3区 医学
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-08 DOI: 10.1111/aji.70235
Hee Young Cho, Kyo Hoon Park, Min Jung Lee, Bo Young Choi, Da Eun Jeong, Sue Shin
{"title":"Predictive Potential of Plasma Acute Phase- and Adhesion-Related Proteins and Progranulin for Intra-Amniotic Infection/Inflammation and Spontaneous Preterm Birth in Women With Preterm Labor","authors":"Hee Young Cho,&nbsp;Kyo Hoon Park,&nbsp;Min Jung Lee,&nbsp;Bo Young Choi,&nbsp;Da Eun Jeong,&nbsp;Sue Shin","doi":"10.1111/aji.70235","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70235","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine whether plasma acute phase-, adhesion-related, and multifunctional proteins, alone or in combination with ultrasound and traditional blood tests, can predict the microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity and/or intra-amniotic inflammation (MIAC/IAI) and spontaneous preterm birth (SPTB) in women with preterm labor (PTL).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Study Design</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A retrospective cohort study was performed on 249 singleton pregnant women with PTL (at 23+0 to 34+0 weeks) who underwent transabdominal amniocentesis. Plasma samples were obtained at amniocentesis. MIAC/IAI was characterized by a positive amniotic fluid (AF) culture and/or an elevated interleukin (IL)-6 level (≥2.6 ng/mL) in the AF. Plasma levels of hepcidin, mannose-binding lectin (MBL), retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4), serum amyloid A1 (SAA1), E-selectin, P-selectin, progranulin, transforming growth factor β1, and vitamin d-binding protein levels were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. C-reactive protein levels, white blood cell (WBC) counts, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and sonographic cervical lengths (CLs) were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After adjusting for baseline covariates, multivariable logistic regression analyses showed significant associations between (i) decreased RBP4 and E-selectin levels and elevated SAA1 levels in the plasma and MIAC/IAI; and (ii) decreased RBP4 and progranulin levels and elevated SAA1 levels in the plasma and SPTB ≤7 days of sampling. Using stepwise regression analyses, noninvasive prediction models for MIAC/IAI and SPTB ≤7 days were developed, comprising plasma RBP4, SAA1, MBL, and E-selectin levels; CL; and WBC counts, with area under the curve values of 0.86 and 0.89, respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SAA1, RBP4, E-selectin, and progranulin may represent valuable plasma biomarkers for predicting MIAC/IAI and imminent SPTB in women with PTL. Particularly, the combination of these plasma biomarkers with ultrasound and traditional inflammatory blood markers can significantly support the diagnosis of MIAC/IAI and imminent SPTB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147632313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Innate Immune Protection Against HIV in the Female Genital Tract 女性生殖道对HIV的先天免疫保护。
IF 2.4 3区 医学
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-06 DOI: 10.1111/aji.70234
Genna Moldovan, Aleah Holmes, Zachary Pomicter, Marta Rodriguez-Garcia
{"title":"Innate Immune Protection Against HIV in the Female Genital Tract","authors":"Genna Moldovan,&nbsp;Aleah Holmes,&nbsp;Zachary Pomicter,&nbsp;Marta Rodriguez-Garcia","doi":"10.1111/aji.70234","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70234","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Immune responses in the female genital mucosa are regulated to coordinate reproductive function and protection against infections. The female genital tract serves as one of the main portals of entry for sexually transmitted infections, including HIV. Under physiological conditions the rates of HIV transmission per sexual act are relatively low, but susceptibility to infection increases significantly with genital inflammation. Understanding innate immune protection, the mechanisms that trigger genital inflammation, and how innate immunity is altered under inflammatory conditions is needed to develop preventative strategies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on a literature review of PubMed, this review is focused on recent advances in our understanding of innate immune protection in the human female genital tract with an emphasis on mechanisms involved in antiviral protection and HIV acquisition.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We highlight the roles of epithelial barriers, mucus, innate receptors, and innate immune cell populations in the human female genital mucosa under steady-state conditions and the initial responses upon encountering HIV.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147621591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
SUPT16H Overexpression Alleviates the Progression of Endometriosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Regulating Oxidative Stress SUPT16H过表达通过调节氧化应激减轻子宫内膜异位症和系统性红斑狼疮的进展。
IF 2.4 3区 医学
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.1111/aji.70230
Yang Song, Jinhe Ma
{"title":"SUPT16H Overexpression Alleviates the Progression of Endometriosis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus by Regulating Oxidative Stress","authors":"Yang Song,&nbsp;Jinhe Ma","doi":"10.1111/aji.70230","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70230","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To screen immune-related biomarkers in diagnosing patients with both endometriosis (EM) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After performing differential expression analysis, immune infiltration analysis, WGCNA, the immune-related genes in EM and SLE were screened. Then the diagnostic genes were identified by three machine learning algorithms, followed by evaluation of the predictive performance of the diagnostic genes by nomogram and ROC curve. Then the correlation between diagnostic genes and immune cells, TFs, GSEA, and potential drugs prediction analyses were performed. Lastly, experiments in vitro were applied to explore the function of SUPT16H in EM and SLE.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Total 20 immune-related genes in EM and SLE were identified by intersecting DEGs and module genes. Using “LASSO”, “RF”, and “SVM-RFE” algorithms, and total three common diagnostic genes were obtained, namely, C1QC, SOCS3, and SUPT16H. ROC curve shown that AUCs of diagnostic genes were all above 0.7 in training and verification datasets. The targeted drugs for the three diagnostic genes were predicted, containing Pingyangmycin CTD 00001211, VANADIUM PENTOXIDE CTD 00002655, CTD 00001728, and so forth. Also, SUPT16H exerted significant function in occurrence of EM and SLE via regulating inflammation and oxidative stress in cell experiments in vitro.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SUPT16H overexpression alleviates the progression of EM and SLE by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. The three co- susceptibility genes (C1QC, SOCS3, and SUPT16H) that strongly related to immunity in EM and SLE could be the promising candidate biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment for EM and SLE patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147607763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification and Validation of Oxidative Stress-Related Candidate Biomarkers for Preeclampsia via WGCNA and Single-Cell Transcriptomics. 通过WGCNA和单细胞转录组学鉴定和验证氧化应激相关的子痫前期候选生物标志物。
IF 2.4 3区 医学
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/aji.70241
Wenhua Ye, Haiyan Yin
{"title":"Identification and Validation of Oxidative Stress-Related Candidate Biomarkers for Preeclampsia via WGCNA and Single-Cell Transcriptomics.","authors":"Wenhua Ye, Haiyan Yin","doi":"10.1111/aji.70241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70241","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Preeclampsia (PE) is a major pregnancy complication that poses risks to both the mother and the fetus. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis. This study aims to explore the diagnostic value of oxidative stress-related genes for PE.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We integrated single-cell and batch transcriptome data from the GEO database. Through differential expression analysis, WGCNA, and three machine learning algorithms (LASSO, SVM-RFE, and random forest), we screened key genes, constructed a diagnostic model, and analyzed its correlation with immune cells. We used bioinformatics tools to predict regulatory networks. The diagnostic value of key genes was verified through qRT-PCR experiments.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our study identified three hub genes-SPP1, CTSC, and SLC9A9-which were predominantly highly expressed in macrophages. The Hub gene and diagnostic model showed preliminary discriminatory ability in distinguishing PE samples from control samples in multiple datasets. Immune infiltration analysis demonstrated a strong positive correlation between macrophages and the three hub genes. Furthermore, cell adhesion emerged as a key signaling pathway in PE progression. FOXC1 was a common transcriptional regulator of all three hub genes, while FOXL1, NFKB1, and POU2F2 co-regulate SLC9A9 and SPP1. qRT-PCR validation confirmed the downregulation of these hub genes in PE.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study successfully identified SPP1, CTSC, and SLC9A9 as candidate biomarkers for PE, which may lay the foundation for the development of new monitoring indicators and optimization of targeted therapy strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 4","pages":"e70241"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decoupled Inflammatory Trajectories in Maternal Obesity: Reframing Peripartum Immune Resolution Beyond Redox Stability. 产妇肥胖的非耦合炎症轨迹:在氧化还原稳定性之外重新构建围产期免疫解决方案。
IF 2.4 3区 医学
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/aji.70244
Neeraj Singh, Monika Srivastav
{"title":"Decoupled Inflammatory Trajectories in Maternal Obesity: Reframing Peripartum Immune Resolution Beyond Redox Stability.","authors":"Neeraj Singh, Monika Srivastav","doi":"10.1111/aji.70244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70244","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 4","pages":"e70244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bushen Huoxue Formula Enema Improves Embryo Implantation: Promoting Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition via the LXA4R/NF-κB Pathway 补肾活血方灌肠促进胚胎着床:通过LXA4R/NF-κB途径促进上皮-间质转化。
IF 2.4 3区 医学
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/aji.70231
Can Zhu, Wanting Xia, Hang Zhou, Xuan Zhang, Yi Wang, Jinzhu Huang, Qian Zeng
{"title":"Bushen Huoxue Formula Enema Improves Embryo Implantation: Promoting Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition via the LXA4R/NF-κB Pathway","authors":"Can Zhu,&nbsp;Wanting Xia,&nbsp;Hang Zhou,&nbsp;Xuan Zhang,&nbsp;Yi Wang,&nbsp;Jinzhu Huang,&nbsp;Qian Zeng","doi":"10.1111/aji.70231","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70231","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Problem</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Embryo implantation failure remains a significant challenge in reproductive medicine. This study investigates the therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of a Chinese medicine Bushen Huoxue Formula (BHF) enema in improving embryo implantation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method of Study</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A rat model of embryo implantation disorder was established, with uterine tissues collected on the sixth and eighth days post coition (dpc). Implanted embryo counts were recorded, and endometrial morphology and pinopode development were assessed using hematoxylin–eosin staining and scanning electron microscopy. Western blotting and immunofluorescence measured lipoxin A4 receptor (LXA4R), nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expressions. An in vitro model was also used, where adhesion assays, Western blotting, and RT-qPCR were conducted before and after NF-κB p65 silencing via lentiviral transfection to evaluate BHF enema-containing serum (BHFE-CS) effects.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BHF enema significantly increased endometrial thickness, improved pinopode development, and enhanced the number of implanted embryos in model rats. Molecularly, BHF upregulated p-NF-κB p65 and N-cadherin while downregulating LXA4R and E-cadherin, promoting a pro-inflammatory microenvironment and EMT process essential for embryo implantation. Consistently, BHFE-CS enhanced embryo adhesion in vitro. Crucially, the pro-implantation effects of BHFE-CS were abolished upon NF-κB p65 silencing, confirming the pathway's indispensability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>BHF enema improves embryo implantation by modulating the LXA4R/NF-κB pathway to promote EMT, highlighting its potential as a treatment for embryo implantation disorders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147589399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Peripheral Regulatory T Cells Display Dynamic Memory Subset Frequency and Inhibitory Marker Expression Across Pregnancy. 外周调节性T细胞在妊娠期间显示动态记忆亚群频率和抑制标记表达。
IF 2.4 3区 医学
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/aji.70238
Nolawit Mulugeta, M Quinn Peters, Cara Tobey, Jia Wong, Abigail L P Spray, Blair Armistead, Yonghou Jiang, Ronit Katz, Raj Shree, Lucia Vojtech, Whitney E Harrington
{"title":"Peripheral Regulatory T Cells Display Dynamic Memory Subset Frequency and Inhibitory Marker Expression Across Pregnancy.","authors":"Nolawit Mulugeta, M Quinn Peters, Cara Tobey, Jia Wong, Abigail L P Spray, Blair Armistead, Yonghou Jiang, Ronit Katz, Raj Shree, Lucia Vojtech, Whitney E Harrington","doi":"10.1111/aji.70238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70238","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>Pregnancy is characterized by significant changes in peripheral immunity. Total CD3+ T cells decrease across pregnancy while Forkhead Box P3+ T-regulatory cells (FoxP3+Tregs) peak in mid-pregnancy, the latter of which are key to healthy outcomes. However, less is known regarding distinct memory populations of FoxP3+ Tregs and their phenotypic changes across pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Method of study: </strong>Pregnant individuals were enrolled into a prospective cohort study and high parameter flow cytometry was used to characterize peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected at first and second trimester and delivery. Memory and phenotypic marker expression on FoxP3+ Tregs at each timepoint were analyzed. Non-Treg CD4+ T cells and CD8+ Tcells were assessed as comparison populations. Suppressive capacity of FoxP3+ Tregs was compared between first trimester and delivery.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The frequency of central and effector memory populations within FoxP3+ Tregs, non-Treg CD4+ T cells, and CD8+ T cells decreased across pregnancy (p ≤ 0.001 for all). Inducible T cell Costimulator (ICOS) expression decreased on FoxP3+ Tregs across pregnancy (p = 0.01), while T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim3) expression increased on FoxP3 Tregs, non-Treg CD4+, and CD8+ T cells (p ≤ 0.005 for all). Suppressive capacity of Tregs did not vary by gestational timepoint.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed an increase in naïve cells in FoxP3+ and non-Treg CD4+ T cells across gestation and a corresponding reduction in ICOS expression. However, the observed increase in Tim3 expression on all T cell subsets suggests a dissociation between suppressive markers in pregnancy. Together, these data suggest that pregnancy has a unique impact on Treg memory distribution and phenotype.</p>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 4","pages":"e70238"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13110828/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147760118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tissue Accessibility as a Missing Determinant of Immunomodulatory and Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy Success in Infertility: A Conceptual Framework. 组织可及性作为不育免疫调节和富血小板血浆治疗成功的缺失决定因素:一个概念框架。
IF 2.4 3区 医学
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 DOI: 10.1111/aji.70239
Onder Celik, Nilufer Celik, Nur Dokuzeylul Gungor, Aynur Ersahin, Kagan Gungor, Aziz Ihsan Tavuz, Sudenaz Celik
{"title":"Tissue Accessibility as a Missing Determinant of Immunomodulatory and Platelet-Rich Plasma Therapy Success in Infertility: A Conceptual Framework.","authors":"Onder Celik, Nilufer Celik, Nur Dokuzeylul Gungor, Aynur Ersahin, Kagan Gungor, Aziz Ihsan Tavuz, Sudenaz Celik","doi":"10.1111/aji.70239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.70239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Problem: </strong>Immunomodulatory agents (IVIG, intralipid, corticosteroids, and G-CSF) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) are increasingly used in infertility despite inconsistent clinical outcomes. A critical but overlooked question is whether these agents exert their effects through systemic immune modulation or require direct access to target cells within the ovary and endometrium.</p><p><strong>Hypothesis: </strong>We propose that insufficient tissue accessibility, rather than intrinsic biological inefficacy, may contribute to inconsistent clinical outcomes. This framework examines the physical constraints governing therapeutic effectiveness if local action were necessary, while acknowledging that benefits may also be mediated systemically.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Anatomical and biophysical barriers differ by administration route. For systemic agents, the vascular endothelium (continuous capillaries) restricts macromolecular extravasation via capacity-limited transcytosis. For local agents, epithelial tight junctions (0.5-2 nm pores), follicular basal lamina (40-100 nm), granulosa cell layers (∼20 nm), and the zona pellucida (5-10 nm) create sequential barriers. Molecular size analysis suggests that large immunomodulators like IVIG (∼150 kDa, 10-15 nm) and intralipid particles (200-500 nm) face substantial limitations in reaching target compartments. PRP growth factors face identical barriers. By contrast, smaller molecules (<1 kDa) and FSH (∼30 kDa, 5 nm) penetrate more readily. Ovarian tissue stiffness (1.5-5 kPa in normal ovaries; 0.9-11.3 kPa in premature ovarian insufficiency) further impedes macromolecular diffusion. The proposed Mathematical Access Index integrates molecular size, barrier pore dimensions, and tissue stiffness to predict accessibility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Accessibility of immunomodulators and PRP growth factors to reproductive tissues is more limited than commonly assumed. If these therapies act predominantly through systemic immune modulation (e.g., Fc receptor saturation, Th1/Th2 modulation), direct tissue penetration may not be necessary. For PRP, observed effects likely result from indirect mechanisms (paracrine signaling, angiogenesis). Distinguishing between systemic and local mechanisms is essential. Until pharmacokinetic studies quantify drug concentrations in reproductive tissues, clinical use should remain cautious.</p>","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 4","pages":"e70239"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147697240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Hofbauer Cell Reduction in GDM: Does a Decreased Quantity Mask a Deeper Immunovascular Dysfunction? GDM患者霍夫鲍尔细胞减少:减少的数量是否掩盖了更深层次的免疫血管功能障碍?
IF 2.4 3区 医学
American Journal of Reproductive Immunology Pub Date : 2026-03-23 DOI: 10.1111/aji.70232
Rohmiati, Bela Janare Putra
{"title":"Hofbauer Cell Reduction in GDM: Does a Decreased Quantity Mask a Deeper Immunovascular Dysfunction?","authors":"Rohmiati,&nbsp;Bela Janare Putra","doi":"10.1111/aji.70232","DOIUrl":"10.1111/aji.70232","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7665,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Reproductive Immunology","volume":"95 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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