Alternative therapies in health and medicine最新文献

{"title":"Diagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Mixed State with Integration of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine: Expert Consensus of Zhejiang Province in China.","authors":"Fengli Sun, Dong Shen, Yong Zhou, Baoping Xing, Zhibin Ren, Zhengxin Chen, Yong Lin, Guorong Li, Zhihan Gao, Jian Xie, Yingchun Zhang, Wei Chen, Hualiang Yu, Bing Pan, Shaojia Lu, Yonghong Jiang, Haiying Jin, Liang Li, Wei Lv, Wenwu Huang, Shugui Gao, Yunfei Tan, Suhong Ye, Xiaodong Luo, Weiming Hu, Zhiyong Lan, Gangqiao Qi, Jianming Sha, Tanglong Liu, Kedeng Fu, Xujuan Li, Weidong Jin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As a mixed state of depressive and manic syndrome, the concept of bipolar disorder has remained unclear to date. Treatment of mixed states is difficult due to clinical recognition and poor therapeutic ideas. Based on expert consensus, it is important to establish a new definition of bipolar disorder, understand the concept of its mixed state within the field of clinical psychiatry, and explore its diagnosis and treatment using Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Chinese Biomedical Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WANFANG Database, Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index, and PubMed were used to retrieve relevant studies according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The retrieved studies were analyzed through the lens of evidence-based medicine, and the primary conclusion was obtained after quality control of 11 items listed in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). An expert consultation, evaluation of conflict of interest, and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research < Evaluation II (AGREE II) assessment were completed one after another. The expert consensus was established.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It was defined in expert consensus that bipolar disorder mixed state includes three aspects: mixed episode in ICD-10/11, mixed feature in DSM-5, and mixed unit in Tongde criteria. The syndrome and its therapeutic methods of bipolar disorder mixed state were classified and described in the Traditional Chinese Medicine approach, which was combined with Western medicine for diagnosis and therapeutics.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The expert consensus of integrating Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western medicine for diagnosing and treating bipolar disorder with mixed states has been established, to help clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>integrative medicine, bipolar disorder, mixed state, mixed unit, Traditional Chinese Medicine, western medicine, expert consensus.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric Nursing Intervention for Clozapine-Induced Dysphagia in Schizophrenia: A Case Report.","authors":"Mervenur Atalay, Birgül Özkan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Schizophrenia is a chronic mental disorder characterized by disruptions in thought processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions. Clozapine, a second-generation antipsychotic, is commonly prescribed for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. However, its use is frequently associated with side effects, notably hypersalivation. This case report discusses the clinical consequences of clozapine-induced hypersalivation, emphasizing the importance of individualized nursing care planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The descriptive case report presents the clinical course of a 47-year-old male patient diagnosed with schizophrenia. The patient exhibited symptoms such as anger, suspiciousness, anxiety, and auditory and visual hallucinations, as well as hypersalivation, which was attributed to clozapine therapy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three nursing diagnoses were identified: (1) impaired swallowing due to pharmacological side effects, (2) risk of aspiration associated with swallowing difficulties, and (3) ineffective coping mechanisms related to anxiety stemming from fear of choking. Relevant nursing interventions were implemented in line with these diagnoses.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This case highlights the critical role of psychiatric nurses in recognizing and managing drug-related side effects. It underscores the necessity for a biopsychosocial approach in psychiatric nursing and points to the need for enhanced training regarding the adverse effects of psychotropic medications.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>schizophrenia, clozapine, hypersalivation, psychiatric nursing care, side effects, case report.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Spermidine-Rich Rice Germ Extract Supplement on Biomarkers of Healthy Aging and Autophagy-Proof-of-Concept Pilot Study.","authors":"Gene Bruno, Michael La Monica, Tim N Ziegenfuss","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Although epidemiological and preclinical research suggests that the polyamine spermidine improves the efficiency of autophagy, human clinical research demonstrating a specific dose of any source of spermidine capable of increasing biomarkers of autophagy is lacking.</p><p><strong>Primary study objective: </strong>The study aimed to examine the effects of spermidine from Miricell™ rice germ extract (Nutraland USA) on biomarkers/indices of autophagy, neuroprotection, and cardiometabolic health, as well as safety and adverse events.</p><p><strong>Methods/design: </strong>This 56-day study was conducted as a single-blinded, interventional, parallel-group, pilot trial. Vitals, diet records, and protocol compliance were recorded at weeks 0 and 8. Blood draws for cardiometabolic markers and adverse event monitoring took place at screening and weeks 0 and 8.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>Conducted at a clinical research laboratory in Ohio.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>Twelve (N=12) healthy men and women (age: 54.5 ± 7.9 years).</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>Random assignment to 1.5 mg or 3.3 mg of spermidine daily from Miricell™ rice germ extract (Nutraland USA).</p><p><strong>Primary outcome measures: </strong>Biomarkers of autophagy [Beclin-1 and Unc-51-like kinase 1(ULK1)], and biomarkers/indices of neuroprotection, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), homocysteine, and cardiometabolic health (high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lipid panel).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared to baseline, only the 3.3 mg dose of spermidine from Miricell® increased Beclin-1 by 7.3%, ULK-1 by 13.4%, and BDNF by 12.1%. Compared to baseline, the same dose resulted in a 20.8% decrease in hs-CRP, a 20.1% decrease in VLDL, and a 26.9% decrease in triglycerides. Secondary outcomes, including clinical chemistry panel, CBC, vital signs, and adverse events, reflect a good safety profile for the use of 3.3 mg/day of spermidine from Miricell®.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This pilot study found that 3.3 mg/day of spermidine from Miricell® rice germ extract tends to improve biomarkers of autophagy, neuroprotection, and cardiometabolic health. Appropriate follow-up studies are warranted to confirm these findings.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>spermidine, autophagy, beclin-1, ULK1, rice germ extract, neuroprotection, BDNF, homocysteine, cardiometabolic, CRP, C-reactive protein, VLDL, triglycerides, aging.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of India's Ayush Systems of Medicine Using Ayush Research Portal Data from 1954-2020: Current Status, Challenges, and the Way Forward for Future Research.","authors":"Sendhilkumar Muthappan, Natarajan Shanmugasundaram, Sainath Podugu, Anbarasi Chandrasekaran, Keerthiga Govindarajan, Shruthi Ramesh, Saketh Ram Thrigulla, Manickam Ponnaiah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research quality in Ayush systems of medicine is vital for evidence synthesis and decision-making. As Ayush gains global recognition, analyzing its trends and challenges is important for improving clinical outcomes. However, a comprehensive analysis of research publications is lacking.</p><p><strong>Primary study objective: </strong>We conducted a bibliometric analysis using data from the Ayush research portal to highlight key trends and challenges in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted data from the Ayush Research Portal (ARP) database for the years 1954 to 2020, excluding books, workshops, conference papers, and incomplete entries. Our analysis evaluated the types of Ayush systems, authors' countries, publication years, author contributions, and the predatory status of journals. We used Epi Info (version 7.2) and Quantum GIS software for data analysis and map creation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 24 037 articles for analysis. Our findings indicate a gradual increase in publications starting from 2000, followed by exponential growth from 2009, and a peak in 2011. Most articles focused on preclinical research (n=10 677; 44.0%). India leads in the quantity of publications (n=20 675; 86.0%), followed by the US (n=649; 2.7%). Within India, Tamil Nadu accounted for the highest number of publications (n=3517; 17.0%). Furthermore, approximately 10% of the journals and one-third of the articles (7268; 30%) were classified as predatory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This bibliometric review highlights a rise in publications across all systems, but raises concerns about quality, with one-third appearing in predatory journals. Thus, the Ayush systems of medicine should focus more on publication quality.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>complementary therapies, Ayurveda, traditional medicine, Ayush research portal.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Heat Application on Pain, Anxiety, and Comfort Levels of Patients Undergoing Cystoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Emine Karakaya, Kıvan Çevik Kaya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystoscopy causes pain, anxiety, and dissatisfaction in patients and leads to increased discomfort. Therefore, it is helpful to use pharmacological and evidence-based complementary alternative medicine methods together for pain, anxiety, and comfort management during the cystoscopy procedure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of heat application on patients' pain, anxiety, and comfort levels during cystoscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted as a two-parallel group randomized controlled trial, from November 2023 to June 2024.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in the cystoscopy unit of a state hospital located in Western Turkey.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The study sample consisted of 62 patients.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The patients were randomly assigned to two groups using a computer program (www.randomizer.org): Group 1 (control group) and Group 2 (intervention group). The patients in the intervention group underwent heat application in the cystoscopy room.</p><p><strong>Primary outcome measures: </strong>Data were collected using the 'Patient Information Form', 'Visual Analog Scale', 'Data Recording Form', 'State Anxiety Inventory', and 'Shortened General Comfort Scale'. While the data were analyzed, descriptive statistical methods, chi-square analysis, independent samples t test, dependent samples t test, and analysis of variance test were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean scores obtained from the VAS during and after the intervention, but there was no statistically significant difference between the scores obtained from the overall State Anxiety Inventory and Shortened General Comfort Scale and their subscales before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings indicate that the heat application to patients during cystoscopy is effective in reducing pain.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>anxiety, comfort, cystoscopy, heat application, pain, complementary and alternative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cupping Therapy on Metabolite (Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Profiles) Results in Women: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Semra PhD Yilmaz, Emine Kaplan Serin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cupping Therapy is an ancient therapeutic practice used to treat a wide variety of medical conditions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to systematically review randomized controlled and quasi-experimental studies evaluating the effectiveness of cupping therapy on metabolite outcomes, specifically blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profiles in women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was carried out between January and May 2024 using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined using the PICOS framework, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included data from 307 female participants who met the inclusion criteria and participated in six randomized controlled or quasi-experimental studies. The findings indicated that cupping therapy had a positive effect on several metabolic parameters. Significant associations were observed between cupping therapy and improvements in blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and lipid profiles. None of the included studies reported adverse effects related to cupping therapy in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cupping therapy can improve blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid levels in women. However, further high-quality studies with larger sample sizes, rigorous randomization, and blinding are needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of cupping therapy.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>cupping therapy, metabolite results, systematic review, wet cupping therapy, women.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in Uncomplicated Odontogenic Infections: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Sushanta Sasmal, Samit Dey, Shubhamoy Ghosh, Anjani Kumar Rai, Abhijit Dutta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Odontogenic infections are among the most common problems encountered in usual dental practice. The role and efficacy of complementary treatments such as individualized homeopathy are not well characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled 60 patients with uncomplicated odontogenic infections. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either Individualized Homeopathy (IH, n=30) or Placebo (PL, n=30), in addition to non-medicinal management. Co-primary outcome measures included Visual Analog Scales for Pain (VAS-P) and Swelling (VAS-S). Secondary outcome measures comprised the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and time taken for complete symptom resolution (Ts). All outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3rd day, 7th day, and 14th day, except Ts, which was monitored daily until symptoms completely resolved within 14 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IH showed significant improvement over PL in VAS-P at day 7 (P = .005) and day 14 (P < .001), as well as in VAS-S at day 7 (P = .001) and day 14 (P < .001). OHIP-14 improvement post-treatment was notably higher in IH than PL (F=3.404, P < .05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant difference in Ts (P = .015), with reduced hazard in the PL group (Hazard Ratio = 0.3024, 95% CI: 0.1087-0.8414). The most prescribed medicines in the IH group were Mercurius solubilis (16.6%) and Hypericum perfoliatum (13.3%), whereas in the PL group, the most indicated medicines were Mercurius solubilis (13.3%) and Staphysagria (13.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect of homeopathy over placebo in alleviating pain and swelling linked to odontogenic infections. Nevertheless, to firmly establish this finding, a large-scale replication trial employing a similar methodology is deemed necessary.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>homeopathy, odontogenic infections, randomized controlled trial, placebo, dental infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feedforward Control and Construction of Control System of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Primary Hospital.","authors":"Rinan Jin, Mingye Liu, Yanping Huang, Wen Xiao, Liqun Zeng, Bilv He, Cui Liao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated and Comprehensive Review of Myristica fragrans Houtt.: Culinary to Cure.","authors":"Nazneen Aiman Siddiqui, Zaib Zarrin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite adding flavour, colour, and aroma to cuisine, herbs and spices offer various health benefits. Research over the past decade has enhanced the growing popularity of traditional herbs due to recognition of a diverse range of pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) (Jozbawa/Joz ut teeb) belongs to the family Myristicaceae. It is an aromatic evergreen tree with a peculiar smell, indigenous to the Moluccas, or Spice Islands, Banda Island. Its various part embraces healing values, particularly the bark of the tree is traditionally employed in cardiac disease, viz. hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis. The therapeutic uses of nutmeg in other systemic ailments are also described in Unani classical literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Apart from its traditional uses, pre-clinical and clinical claims exist for significant biological and therapeutic activities such as anti-microbial, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic on account of identified bioactive constituents including essential oils, phenolic compounds, resins, and pigments in crude extract and various other solvents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review article aims to analyse and comprehensively summarize the existing ethno-botanical actions and evidence-based claims of traditional uses. However, more research is needed to explore its molecular mechanisms, newer pharmacological and therapeutic activities along with their responsible phytoconstituents, side effects, and hence presents a research gap.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Myristica fragrans, Nutmeg, anti-inflammatory, myristicin, Unani system of medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migraine (Shaqīqa): A Review of Understanding and Managing the Disease in Unāni Medicine.","authors":"Khalid Rahim Wani, Suresh Kumar Saral, Fatima Khan, Abdul Nasir Ansari, Mohd Nayab","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the Unani system of medicine, migraine is described as Shaqīqa, a term derived from the Arabic word \"shiq\" meaning \"a side\" or \"a section\", referring to the characteristic unilateral nature of the headache. Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder affecting approximately 14% of the global population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to provide a comprehensive account of Shaqīqa (migraine) within the framework of Unani medicine, focusing on its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic principles, and therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough review of classical Unani texts was undertaken to extract relevant insights on migraine. Additionally, contemporary literature was retrieved through systematic searches in electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to contextualize Unani perspectives with current biomedical understanding.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>In Unani medicine, migraine is classified under Sudā' Māddī (headache due to morbid humoral matter). It is typically unilateral, recurrent, and chronic, and is not attributed to Sū'-i-Mizāj Sāda (simple morbid temperament). Primary causes include Rīh (internal wind), Bukhārāt (vapors), and Akhlāt-i-Ghalīzah (viscous humors). Pathogenesis involves the ascent of Bukhārāt-i-Raddiya (morbid vapors) from the gastrointestinal tract or other organs to the brain, leading to headache. Treatment approaches in Unani medicine are highly individualized, based on the patient's temperament (Mizāj), the dominant humor, organ involvement, and severity. A range of single and compound herbal formulations is employed to restore humoral balance and alleviate symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Unani medicine offers a detailed and holistic understanding of migraine, encompassing its etiology, clinical features, and treatment modalities. This review underscores the need for further interdisciplinary research to validate and potentially integrate Unani therapeutic approaches into contemporary migraine management.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Migraine, Shaqīqa, Unāni medicine, Headache, 'Tilā.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}