Alternative therapies in health and medicine最新文献

{"title":"Bibliometric Analysis of India's Ayush Systems of Medicine Using Ayush Research Portal Data from 1954-2020: Current Status, Challenges, and the Way Forward for Future Research.","authors":"Sendhilkumar Muthappan, Natarajan Shanmugasundaram, Sainath Podugu, Anbarasi Chandrasekaran, Keerthiga Govindarajan, Shruthi Ramesh, Saketh Ram Thrigulla, Manickam Ponnaiah","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research quality in Ayush systems of medicine is vital for evidence synthesis and decision-making. As Ayush gains global recognition, analyzing its trends and challenges is important for improving clinical outcomes. However, a comprehensive analysis of research publications is lacking.</p><p><strong>Primary study objective: </strong>We conducted a bibliometric analysis using data from the Ayush research portal to highlight key trends and challenges in this field.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We extracted data from the Ayush Research Portal (ARP) database for the years 1954 to 2020, excluding books, workshops, conference papers, and incomplete entries. Our analysis evaluated the types of Ayush systems, authors' countries, publication years, author contributions, and the predatory status of journals. We used Epi Info (version 7.2) and Quantum GIS software for data analysis and map creation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We included 24 037 articles for analysis. Our findings indicate a gradual increase in publications starting from 2000, followed by exponential growth from 2009, and a peak in 2011. Most articles focused on preclinical research (n=10 677; 44.0%). India leads in the quantity of publications (n=20 675; 86.0%), followed by the US (n=649; 2.7%). Within India, Tamil Nadu accounted for the highest number of publications (n=3517; 17.0%). Furthermore, approximately 10% of the journals and one-third of the articles (7268; 30%) were classified as predatory.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This bibliometric review highlights a rise in publications across all systems, but raises concerns about quality, with one-third appearing in predatory journals. Thus, the Ayush systems of medicine should focus more on publication quality.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>complementary therapies, Ayurveda, traditional medicine, Ayush research portal.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144939044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Heat Application on Pain, Anxiety, and Comfort Levels of Patients Undergoing Cystoscopy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Emine Karakaya, Kıvan Çevik Kaya","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cystoscopy causes pain, anxiety, and dissatisfaction in patients and leads to increased discomfort. Therefore, it is helpful to use pharmacological and evidence-based complementary alternative medicine methods together for pain, anxiety, and comfort management during the cystoscopy procedure.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This randomized controlled experimental study was conducted to determine the effects of heat application on patients' pain, anxiety, and comfort levels during cystoscopy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was conducted as a two-parallel group randomized controlled trial, from November 2023 to June 2024.</p><p><strong>Setting: </strong>The study was conducted in the cystoscopy unit of a state hospital located in Western Turkey.</p><p><strong>Participants: </strong>The study sample consisted of 62 patients.</p><p><strong>Intervention: </strong>The patients were randomly assigned to two groups using a computer program (www.randomizer.org): Group 1 (control group) and Group 2 (intervention group). The patients in the intervention group underwent heat application in the cystoscopy room.</p><p><strong>Primary outcome measures: </strong>Data were collected using the 'Patient Information Form', 'Visual Analog Scale', 'Data Recording Form', 'State Anxiety Inventory', and 'Shortened General Comfort Scale'. While the data were analyzed, descriptive statistical methods, chi-square analysis, independent samples t test, dependent samples t test, and analysis of variance test were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There was a statistically significant difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of the mean scores obtained from the VAS during and after the intervention, but there was no statistically significant difference between the scores obtained from the overall State Anxiety Inventory and Shortened General Comfort Scale and their subscales before and after the intervention.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study findings indicate that the heat application to patients during cystoscopy is effective in reducing pain.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>anxiety, comfort, cystoscopy, heat application, pain, complementary and alternative medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Cupping Therapy on Metabolite (Blood Sugar, Blood Pressure, and Lipid Profiles) Results in Women: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Semra PhD Yilmaz, Emine Kaplan Serin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Cupping Therapy is an ancient therapeutic practice used to treat a wide variety of medical conditions.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to systematically review randomized controlled and quasi-experimental studies evaluating the effectiveness of cupping therapy on metabolite outcomes, specifically blood glucose, blood pressure, and lipid profiles in women.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The systematic review was conducted following PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guidelines. A comprehensive literature search was carried out between January and May 2024 using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were determined using the PICOS framework, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included data from 307 female participants who met the inclusion criteria and participated in six randomized controlled or quasi-experimental studies. The findings indicated that cupping therapy had a positive effect on several metabolic parameters. Significant associations were observed between cupping therapy and improvements in blood pressure, blood glucose levels, and lipid profiles. None of the included studies reported adverse effects related to cupping therapy in women.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cupping therapy can improve blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid levels in women. However, further high-quality studies with larger sample sizes, rigorous randomization, and blinding are needed to fully understand the therapeutic potential and mechanisms of action of cupping therapy.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>cupping therapy, metabolite results, systematic review, wet cupping therapy, women.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of Individualized Homeopathic Treatment in Uncomplicated Odontogenic Infections: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Sushanta Sasmal, Samit Dey, Shubhamoy Ghosh, Anjani Kumar Rai, Abhijit Dutta","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Odontogenic infections are among the most common problems encountered in usual dental practice. The role and efficacy of complementary treatments such as individualized homeopathy are not well characterized.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial enrolled 60 patients with uncomplicated odontogenic infections. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either Individualized Homeopathy (IH, n=30) or Placebo (PL, n=30), in addition to non-medicinal management. Co-primary outcome measures included Visual Analog Scales for Pain (VAS-P) and Swelling (VAS-S). Secondary outcome measures comprised the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and time taken for complete symptom resolution (Ts). All outcomes were assessed at baseline, 3rd day, 7th day, and 14th day, except Ts, which was monitored daily until symptoms completely resolved within 14 days.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IH showed significant improvement over PL in VAS-P at day 7 (P = .005) and day 14 (P < .001), as well as in VAS-S at day 7 (P = .001) and day 14 (P < .001). OHIP-14 improvement post-treatment was notably higher in IH than PL (F=3.404, P < .05). Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant difference in Ts (P = .015), with reduced hazard in the PL group (Hazard Ratio = 0.3024, 95% CI: 0.1087-0.8414). The most prescribed medicines in the IH group were Mercurius solubilis (16.6%) and Hypericum perfoliatum (13.3%), whereas in the PL group, the most indicated medicines were Mercurius solubilis (13.3%) and Staphysagria (13.3%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated a significant therapeutic effect of homeopathy over placebo in alleviating pain and swelling linked to odontogenic infections. Nevertheless, to firmly establish this finding, a large-scale replication trial employing a similar methodology is deemed necessary.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>homeopathy, odontogenic infections, randomized controlled trial, placebo, dental infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feedforward Control and Construction of Control System of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Primary Hospital.","authors":"Rinan Jin, Mingye Liu, Yanping Huang, Wen Xiao, Liqun Zeng, Bilv He, Cui Liao","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong></p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144938897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Updated and Comprehensive Review of Myristica fragrans Houtt.: Culinary to Cure.","authors":"Nazneen Aiman Siddiqui, Zaib Zarrin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Despite adding flavour, colour, and aroma to cuisine, herbs and spices offer various health benefits. Research over the past decade has enhanced the growing popularity of traditional herbs due to recognition of a diverse range of pharmacological and therapeutic properties. Myristica fragrans (Nutmeg) (Jozbawa/Joz ut teeb) belongs to the family Myristicaceae. It is an aromatic evergreen tree with a peculiar smell, indigenous to the Moluccas, or Spice Islands, Banda Island. Its various part embraces healing values, particularly the bark of the tree is traditionally employed in cardiac disease, viz. hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerosis. The therapeutic uses of nutmeg in other systemic ailments are also described in Unani classical literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Apart from its traditional uses, pre-clinical and clinical claims exist for significant biological and therapeutic activities such as anti-microbial, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-diabetic on account of identified bioactive constituents including essential oils, phenolic compounds, resins, and pigments in crude extract and various other solvents.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review article aims to analyse and comprehensively summarize the existing ethno-botanical actions and evidence-based claims of traditional uses. However, more research is needed to explore its molecular mechanisms, newer pharmacological and therapeutic activities along with their responsible phytoconstituents, side effects, and hence presents a research gap.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Myristica fragrans, Nutmeg, anti-inflammatory, myristicin, Unani system of medicine.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migraine (Shaqīqa): A Review of Understanding and Managing the Disease in Unāni Medicine.","authors":"Khalid Rahim Wani, Suresh Kumar Saral, Fatima Khan, Abdul Nasir Ansari, Mohd Nayab","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In the Unani system of medicine, migraine is described as Shaqīqa, a term derived from the Arabic word \"shiq\" meaning \"a side\" or \"a section\", referring to the characteristic unilateral nature of the headache. Migraine is a chronic neurological disorder affecting approximately 14% of the global population.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This review aims to provide a comprehensive account of Shaqīqa (migraine) within the framework of Unani medicine, focusing on its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic principles, and therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A thorough review of classical Unani texts was undertaken to extract relevant insights on migraine. Additionally, contemporary literature was retrieved through systematic searches in electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to contextualize Unani perspectives with current biomedical understanding.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>In Unani medicine, migraine is classified under Sudā' Māddī (headache due to morbid humoral matter). It is typically unilateral, recurrent, and chronic, and is not attributed to Sū'-i-Mizāj Sāda (simple morbid temperament). Primary causes include Rīh (internal wind), Bukhārāt (vapors), and Akhlāt-i-Ghalīzah (viscous humors). Pathogenesis involves the ascent of Bukhārāt-i-Raddiya (morbid vapors) from the gastrointestinal tract or other organs to the brain, leading to headache. Treatment approaches in Unani medicine are highly individualized, based on the patient's temperament (Mizāj), the dominant humor, organ involvement, and severity. A range of single and compound herbal formulations is employed to restore humoral balance and alleviate symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Unani medicine offers a detailed and holistic understanding of migraine, encompassing its etiology, clinical features, and treatment modalities. This review underscores the need for further interdisciplinary research to validate and potentially integrate Unani therapeutic approaches into contemporary migraine management.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Migraine, Shaqīqa, Unāni medicine, Headache, 'Tilā.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Phytoestrogens in Gynecological Disorders from the Lens of Unani System of Medicine-A Review.","authors":"Aniya Afaq Khan, Ismath Shameem, Umer Hamid Wani","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Abstract: </strong>In recent years, there has been a surge of interest in alternative and natural techniques for preventing and treating gynecological disorders. Numerous studies have focused on exploring treatments that have less adverse impact than standard hormonal treatment. Although the etiopathogenetic processes of many gynecological illnesses, such as endometriosis and uterine fibroids, remain unclear, the significance of steroid hormones is undeniable. Endometriosis, uterine leiomyomas, ovarian cancer, and breast cancer all exhibit significant hormonal imbalances. The Unani system of medicine, referred to as Greco-Arabic medicine, is a popular form of traditional medicine widely practiced in many countries. This system utilizes herbs rich in phytoestrogens, which bear structural similarity to 17β-estradiol, and thus have the potential to mimic its estrogenic activity and produce responses. This makes phytoestrogens a suitable substitute for conventional hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) with fewer side effects. Therefore, a comprehensive search for studies on phytoestrogens was conducted using electronic databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Science Direct, EMBASE, and PubMed. All the relevant literature on gynecological disorders in Unani medicine has been evaluated, assessed, and analyzed based on classical texts. This narrative review summarizes the literature on the physiological role of estrogens and the several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens, with particular attention to the possible role of phytoestrogens in gynecological disorders.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Phytoestrogens, Gynecological Disorders, Unani Medicine, Hormonal Replacement Therapy, Estrogen, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical Analysis, Lc-Ms/Ms-Qtof Identification of Phytocompounds and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Traditional Medicinal Plant Formulation.","authors":"Sana Nafees, Qazi Zaid Ahmad, Aziz Ur Rahman, Pawan Kumar, Jamal Akhtar, Ashok Kumar Jaiswal, Jasbir Kaur","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medicinal plants are invaluable sources of novel medications worldwide, used for centuries due to their therapeutic properties and health benefits. Comprehensive quality evaluation and monitoring studies are available on single medicinal plant, however, there are limited data on plant-based formulations especially the formulations described in ancient texts.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>Qualitative and quantitative evaluation of the phytochemicals present and the identification of active phytocompounds of a traditional Unani plant-based formulation (Zingiber officinalis, Piper longum, Coptis teeta, Piper nigrum, and Foeniculum vulgare) described by distinguished Persian physician of 10th century, Abul-Mansoor ul Hasan Qamari (d.980 A.D.) in classical text 'Ghina-Muna' for ocular ailments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Phytochemical analyses were conducted according to the guidelines given by the World Health Organisation. Antioxidant activity was determined by radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide inhibition activity.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS-QTOF) analysis revealed berberine, coptisine, 6-shogaol, 6-dehydroshogaol, 6-dehydrogingerdione, 6-gingerol, 10-gingerol, gingerenone-A, piperine, piperic acid, quercetin-3-o-galactoside, kaempferol-3-o-rutinoside, kaempferol-3-o-glucoside, rosmarinic acid, 3-caffeoylquinic acid, 4-caffeoylquinic acid, eriodictyol-7-rutinoside, and 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid as the active phytoconstituents. These phytocompounds have promising neuroprotective and antioxidant activity. Findings showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins in the formulation. Quantitative analysis of total flavonoid and total phenolics content were found to be 102.889 mgQE/g and 12.004 mgGAE/g of extract, respectively. The results obtained revealed remarkable antioxidant activity of studied formulation as evidenced by the low half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) values.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The parameters evaluated in this study are adequate for quality control of traditional medicinal plant-based formulations and can serve as a reference for standardizing this formulation. The formulation has potent neuroprotective and antioxidant phytochemicals, implying that it could be used as a leading pharmacological intervention for preventing/or slowing the progress of neurodegenerative diseases, including ocular conditions like glaucoma.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Unani medicine, phytochemical screening, active phytoconstituents, neuroprotection, antioxidant activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative Review of Suddah (Obstruction) in Unani Medicine.","authors":"Sadique Ali, Ishrat Rasool, Khaleequr Rahman, Asmat Rashid","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Obstructive conditions represent a major challenge in global healthcare, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. These include a spectrum of diseases such as vascular thrombosis, embolism, respiratory tract obstructions, hepatobiliary blockages, lymphatic stasis, and intestinal obstructions. While modern medicine classifies and treats these conditions based on anatomical and physiological disruptions, historical records indicate that traditional medical systems, like Unani Medicine, had already developed detailed theoretical frameworks to understand such pathologies. In Unani literature, these conditions are referred to as \"Suddah,\" a term meaning \"blockage\" or \"closure of a passage.\" Ancient Unani scholars, such as Ibn Sina (Avicenna), Razi, and others, addressed the concept of Suddah in considerable depth, linking it with deranged humoral balance, altered temperament (Mizaj), and disruptions in the normal flow of humors (Akhlat) and vital spirit (Ruh). Their observations underscore the systemic importance of maintaining unobstructed pathways for optimal health.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This study aims to gather, interpret, and present a comprehensive overview of the concept of Suddah as documented in classical Unani texts. It seeks to unify scattered references and explanations from key Unani physicians and scholars into a coherent academic resource. Additionally, it provides a brief outline of traditional treatment strategies for such conditions based on Unani principles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The narrative review of classical texts revealed a nuanced and integrative understanding of the causes, types, and therapeutic approaches related to obstructive disorders under the term Suddah, reflecting both philosophical and clinical insight.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study consolidates classical Unani views on obstruction, providing a foundational platform for further clinical exploration and integrative healthcare approaches involving traditional wisdom and modern practice.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>obstructive diseases, Suddah, Unani medicine, narrative review.</p>","PeriodicalId":7571,"journal":{"name":"Alternative therapies in health and medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144793273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}