Agronomy Journal最新文献_第3页

Within-field variation of crop yield loss from cover crops 覆盖作物造成的作物产量损失的田间差异

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21696

Andrei I. Girz, Tuomas J. Mattila

{"title":"Within-field variation of crop yield loss from cover crops","authors":"Andrei I. Girz, Tuomas J. Mattila","doi":"10.1002/agj2.21696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21696","url":null,"abstract":"The amount of high-resolution agricultural data has increased rapidly in the current decade. Integration of satellite multispectral imagery, combine harvester yield monitoring data, and soil moisture mapping allows managing for within-field variation and better interpreting on-farm experimentation. In this study, we investigated the effect of cover crops on yield in Finland by integrating Sentinel-2 satellite imagery (normalized difference vegetation index), topographic soil moisture indexes, and high-resolution yield data. The experiment was run by three farmers over 4 years and serves as an example for low-cost on-farm experimentation. Our results confirmed earlier findings that undersown cover crops result in approximately 5% yield loss. We also found that the effect is highly variable across farms and within fields. The highest yield losses were found in areas of the field, which were wetter in the spring seeding time. The competition between crop and cover crop could be observed in the vegetation maps for autumn and early summer. Combining NDVI and soil moisture maps allows delineating field zones, which require extra management to reduce the risk of yield loss from cover crop resource competition. Evaluating the overall effect of cover crops on yield would require replication on more farms. The within-field variation results and workflow investigated in this study can guide placement of sampling areas within those fields.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"116 6","pages":"2922-2933"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.21696","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economic evaluation of corn relative maturity hybrids in corn–pennycress–soybean rotations 玉米-芹菜-大豆轮作中玉米相对成熟度杂交种的经济性评估

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21691

Yesuf Assen Mohammed, Russ W. Gesch, Samantha Wells, Nicholas J. Heller, Alexander J. Lindsey, Alexander W. Hard, Winthrop B. Phippen

{"title":"Economic evaluation of corn relative maturity hybrids in corn–pennycress–soybean rotations","authors":"Yesuf Assen Mohammed, Russ W. Gesch, Samantha Wells, Nicholas J. Heller, Alexander J. Lindsey, Alexander W. Hard, Winthrop B. Phippen","doi":"10.1002/agj2.21691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21691","url":null,"abstract":"This manuscript is a follow-up of previously published results that presented findings on pennycress (Thlaspi arvense L.) establishment and agronomics in response to previous corn (Zea mays L.) relative maturity (CRM) hybrids grown for grain and silage in the corn–pennycress–soybean [Glycine max (L.)] rotations. In this manuscript, we compared the economics of grain corn–pennycress–soybean rotations (grain rotation) with silage corn–pennycress–soybean rotations (silage rotation). The treatments were CRM hybrids ranging from 76 to 95 days (full season) at northern sites (Morris and Rosemount, MN) and 95 to 113 days (full season) at southern sites (Lexington, IL, and Custar, OH). Full-season corn harvested for silage was included as a control treatment representing optimum conditions for sowing pennycress. A partial budget procedure was used for economic analysis. The results showed that the annualized net benefits (ANBs) ranged from $315 to $945 ha−1. The silage rotation produced greater ANBs than the grain rotation at all sites due to increased pennycress seed yield. In the grain rotation, the 105 days in the south, 95 days corn at Morris, and 86 days corn at Rosemount resulted in minimal ANB losses compared with silage rotation. Among grain corn treatments, some of the early CRM hybrids resulted in greater ANBs (up to 40%) than the full season hybrid. Results demonstrate potential to integrate pennycress into a grain rotation using early CRM hybrids. In addition, valuing the diverse ecosystem benefits that pennycress offers as a cash cover crop during the offseason between corn and soybean rotation may help to attract growers.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"116 6","pages":"3171-3180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Wild introgression as an effective tool for aiding the expansion and adaptation of cultivated safflower 野生引种是帮助扩大和适应栽培红花的有效工具

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21693

Mohammad Mahdi Majidi, Fatemeh Pirnajmedin, Soheila Espanani

{"title":"Wild introgression as an effective tool for aiding the expansion and adaptation of cultivated safflower","authors":"Mohammad Mahdi Majidi, Fatemeh Pirnajmedin, Soheila Espanani","doi":"10.1002/agj2.21693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21693","url":null,"abstract":"Safflower is a multipurpose crop grown in different regions, mainly for its high oil quality. Crop wild relatives serve as a valuable reservoir of genes that have been depleted due to evolutionary bottlenecks, which are poorly applied in safflower. During the last decade, we developed three populations from hybridization of safflower with its wild relatives and selected the superior lines to develop new varieties. From each of three different interspecific populations (TP: Carthamus tinctorius × Carthamus palaestinus, PO: C. palaestinus × Carthamus oxyacantha, and TO: C. tinctorius × C. oxyacantha), 10 genotypes were selected (a total of 30 lines) in the “F8” generation and were evaluated along with their parents (T, P, and O) and one control cultivar (Golsfid) at the field during 2019–2022 to assess genetic variation, estimate genetic parameters, and evaluate the stability. Considerable genetic variability for oil, seed yield, and other agronomic traits between and within the interspecific populations suggests the high potential of these new recombinant lines for introducing beneficial alleles. Our results indicated that recombinant inbred lines derived from the hybridization of TP were superior in terms of seed yield, oil content, and stability parameters. The use of stability indices of Wricke, Lin and Binns, Eberhart and Russell, and HMRPGVi, along with the biplot analysis, allowed the identification of preferable and stable safflower genotypes. Moderately high values of heritability were found for yield-related traits. New recombinant lines can be introduced to the safflower gene pool to improve the genetic base of this valuable oil seed crop.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"116 6","pages":"2776-2782"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Auxin injury on cotton, I: Aerial reflectance data, crop injury, and yield 棉花的叶绿素伤害，I：航空反射数据、作物伤害和产量

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21698

Savana Denton, Tyson Raper, Darrin Dodds, Chris Main, Lori Duncan, Thomas Mueller

{"title":"Auxin injury on cotton, I: Aerial reflectance data, crop injury, and yield","authors":"Savana Denton, Tyson Raper, Darrin Dodds, Chris Main, Lori Duncan, Thomas Mueller","doi":"10.1002/agj2.21698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21698","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic auxin herbicide movement onto sensitive cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars has impacted many US cotton hectares. The spatial scope and severity of auxin damage in-season is typically estimated by an agronomist. The use of remote sensing technology has the potential to objectively quantify the spatial scope and severity of auxin damage. Experiments were conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021 in Grand Junction, TN, to determine: (1) the effect of reflectance data collection timing; (2) the effect of auxin exposure timing; (3) the value of near infrared and red-edge (RE) reflectance versus reflectance within the visible spectrum data; and (4) if/how visual injury relates to aerial reflectance data. Applications of 2,4-D or dicamba were made to susceptible cotton cultivars at 1X, 1/4X, 1/16X, 1/64X, 1/256X, and 1/1024X rates at either matchhead square (MHS) or 2 weeks after first bloom (FB+2WK). Non-treated controls were also included for each application timing. Aerial reflectance data were collected 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. Unsupervised classification of images into pixels with and without vegetation did not increase correlations between vegetation indices (VIs) and application rate. Although Vis, which generated the strongest correlations with application rate, visual injury, and relative lint yield, were generally RE based, similar correlations were also noted with visible spectrum VIs. Correlations were greater when auxin injury occurred at MHS than FB+2WK. Results suggest reflectance measured within the visible spectrum can quantify the scope and severity of auxin injury if the injury occurs early during the growing season.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"116 6","pages":"2952-2966"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.21698","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RGB-based indices for estimating cover crop biomass, nitrogen content, and carbon:nitrogen ratio 用于估算覆盖作物生物量、氮含量和碳氮比的基于 RGB 的指数

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21657

Lucas Rosen, Patrick M. Ewing, Bryan C. Runck

{"title":"RGB-based indices for estimating cover crop biomass, nitrogen content, and carbon:nitrogen ratio","authors":"Lucas Rosen, Patrick M. Ewing, Bryan C. Runck","doi":"10.1002/agj2.21657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21657","url":null,"abstract":"Plant cover and biochemical composition are essential parameters for evaluating cover crop management. Destructive sampling or estimates with aerial imagery require substantial labor, time, expertise, or instrumentation cost. Using low-cost consumer and mobile phone cameras to estimate plant canopy coverage and biochemical composition could broaden the use of high-throughput technologies in research and crop management. Here, we estimated canopy development, tissue nitrogen, and biomass of medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a perennial forage legume and common cover crop, using red-green-blue (RGB) indices collected with standard settings in non-standardized field conditions. Pixels were classified as plant or background using combinations of four RGB indices with both unsupervised machine learning and preset thresholds. The excess green minus red (ExGR) index with a preset threshold of zero was the best index and threshold combination. It correctly identified pixels as plant or background 86.25% of the time. This combination also provided accurate estimates of crop growth and quality: Canopy coverage correlated with red clover biomass (R2 = 0.554, root mean square error [RMSE] = 219.29 kg ha−1), and ExGR index values of vegetation pixels were highly correlated with clover nitrogen content (R2 = 0.573, RMSE = 3.5 g kg−1) and carbon:nitrogen ratio (R2 = 0.574, RMSE = 1.29 g g−1). Data collection were simple to implement and stable across imaging conditions. Pending testing across different sensors, sites, and crop species, this method contributes to a growing and open set of decision support tools for agricultural research and management.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"116 6","pages":"3070-3080"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.21657","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Understanding the limitations of grain yield monitor technology to inform on-farm research 了解谷物产量监测技术的局限性，为农场研究提供依据

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21695

Alysa Gauci, John Fulton, Scott Shearer, David J. Barker, Elizabeth Hawkins, Alexander J. Lindsey

{"title":"Understanding the limitations of grain yield monitor technology to inform on-farm research","authors":"Alysa Gauci, John Fulton, Scott Shearer, David J. Barker, Elizabeth Hawkins, Alexander J. Lindsey","doi":"10.1002/agj2.21695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21695","url":null,"abstract":"Yield monitoring technology (YM) is a valuable tool to evaluate crop performance in on-farm research (OFR). However, limited information exists on utilizing this technology to accurately inform OFR. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the ability of grain yield monitor mass flow sensors to detect changes in corn (Zea mays L.) yield for different plot lengths, provide a recommended minimum plot length to utilize YM in OFR, and determine if differences in estimating yield existed between YMs. Six treatment lengths that varied in distance of intentional yield differences (7.6, 15.2, 30.5, 61.0, 121.9, and 243.8 m) were created by alternating high-yield (202 kg N/ha application) and low-yield (0 kg N/ha application) plots. A total of four grain YMs with impact-style mass flow sensors were used within two commercially available combines. Yield comparisons were made between the plot combine and YMs to evaluate the accuracy of each technology for detecting the magnitude of yield change across lengths using analysis of variance and exponential regression curves. Results indicated that the mass flow sensors were not sensitive enough to detect quickly changing flow rates for alternating yield changes in small plot lengths. Minimum plot lengths ranged from 43 to 107 m depending on YM. Significant differences were observed between grain YMs from different manufacturers. Future work could evaluate the influence additional crops or smaller yield differences have on the optimum OFR plot length.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"116 6","pages":"3181-3190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.21695","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Organic wheat: Lessons learned and challenges remaining 有机小麦：经验与挑战

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-21 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21700

Patrick M. Carr

引用次数: 0

Yield gap analysis for rainfed grain sorghum in Kansas 堪萨斯州雨养谷物高粱产量差距分析

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2024-09-16 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21684

Sarah Sexton-Bowser, Andres Patrignani

{"title":"Yield gap analysis for rainfed grain sorghum in Kansas","authors":"Sarah Sexton-Bowser, Andres Patrignani","doi":"10.1002/agj2.21684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21684","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] production is concentrated in the US Great Plains region, with the state of Kansas accounting for ∼50% of the planted area. In Kansas, state-level grain yields steadily increased at a rate of 0.07 Mg ha−1 year−1 from 1957 to 1990. However, since 1990, sorghum yield trends across the United States and Kansas have been exhibiting signs of yield stagnation. The objectives of this study were to (1) quantify the magnitude of the yield gap and (2) identify possible reasons for yield stagnation of rainfed sorghum in Kansas. Current yield (Yc) was estimated as the average yield of the most recently reported 10 years. Maximum attainable yield (Ya) and water-limited potential yield (Yw) were estimated with a frontier yield function using an extensive dataset of crop performance trials, yield contest data, and county-level survey yield data totaling 2997 site-years. State-level Yc was 4.7 Mg ha−1, which represents 77% of Ya and 49% of Yw. At a regional level, there is a trend of increasing yield gap in central and western Kansas sorghum-producing regions. Sorghum yield in Kansas appears to be stagnant due to a small exploitable yield gap relative to Ya rather than Yw, a statewide shift in planting area to environments more vulnerable to water deficits, and cultivation in soils with moderate to severe limitations.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"116 6","pages":"2901-2911"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.21684","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142642112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Revisiting source versus sink limitations of wheat yield during grain filling 小麦灌浆期产量源库限制的修正

IF 2.1 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21454

Adolfo Rosati, Paolo Benincasa

{"title":"Revisiting source versus sink limitations of wheat yield during grain filling","authors":"Adolfo Rosati, Paolo Benincasa","doi":"10.1002/agj2.21454","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.21454","url":null,"abstract":"To further increase wheat (Triticum spp.) yield, we need to understand whether it is source or sink limited. Earlier papers suggested that wheat yield is source limited in modern cultivars, including during the grain-filling stage. Many recent papers support this interpretation, showing that yield is strongly related to environmental conditions that affect source capacity. In contrast to this, other authors working on source–sink manipulations have concluded that wheat yield is only or predominantly sink limited during grain filling. The objective of this forum paper was to examine this contrasting literature and revisit the assumptions and the interpretation of the results. We found that the arguments for a major sink limitation to wheat yield during grain filling arose from a common approach to quantitatively assess the degree of source–sink limitations, based on relativizing the change in grain weight (in response to source–sink manipulations) to the estimated change in source availability per grain. We show that the estimated changes in source availability with source manipulations are often overestimated in the literature, thus underestimating source limitations. Most importantly, we discuss why relativizing the change in grain weight to the estimated change in source availability biases the interpretation of source versus sink limitations. We conclude that wheat yield is mostly source limited during grain filling, and thus strongly dependent on environmental (including agronomic) conditions. A new model to interpret wheat yield limitations is proposed, describing yield as source limited during the whole crop cycle, including during grain filling.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"115 6","pages":"3197-3205"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.21454","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45602168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Segmentation of plant residues on soil X-ray CT images using neural network 基于神经网络的土壤植物残体x射线ct图像分割

IF 2.1 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2023-09-07 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.21459

Ilya Valdes-Korovkin, Dmitry Fomin, Anna Yudina

{"title":"Segmentation of plant residues on soil X-ray CT images using neural network","authors":"Ilya Valdes-Korovkin, Dmitry Fomin, Anna Yudina","doi":"10.1002/agj2.21459","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.21459","url":null,"abstract":"In soil, plant residues have low contrast making them difficult to detect using X-ray computed tomography. In this work, we tested a convolutional neural network (U-Net) for its ability to improve the identification of crop residues in soil samples assembled from aggregates of different size fractions (small, large, water-stable aggregates, and average aggregate composition). Soil CT images were obtained using a 244 μm resolution. About 2500 soil images were annotated to train the neural network, of which only 631 images were selected for the training data set. Intersection over Union (IOU) was used as a measure of success of segmentation by neural network, which takes values from 0 to 1. In the validation data set, IOU of background was 0.93, IOU of solid phase was 0.95, IOU of pore space was 0.77, and IOU of plant residues was 0.40. However, IOU of plant residues in the total data set increased to 0.7. Soil structure influences the quality of multiphase segmentation of soil CT images. The poorest segmentation of plant residues was in the soil samples composed of average aggregate size composition. The quality of pore space segmentation increased with increasing porosity of the soil sample. The model tends to generalize the large areas occupied by plant residues and overlooks the smaller ones. The low values of the IOU metric for plant residues in the training data set can also be related to insufficient quality of annotation of the original images.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"116 3","pages":"886-896"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42808040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0