Agronomy Journal最新文献_第2页

Short-term effects of livestock on northern, semi-arid US Great Plains spring wheat grain yield 畜牧业对美国北部半干旱大平原春小麦产量的短期影响

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-15 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.70149

Christopher Graham, Debankur Sanyal, Jameson Brennan, Kenneth Olson

{"title":"Short-term effects of livestock on northern, semi-arid US Great Plains spring wheat grain yield","authors":"Christopher Graham, Debankur Sanyal, Jameson Brennan, Kenneth Olson","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70149","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.70149","url":null,"abstract":"Integrated crop-livestock systems, where livestock and crops are produced in rotation or simultaneously, have long been a common agricultural practice. However, the shift toward specialization in the latter half of the 20th century led to separating livestock from crop production, resulting in environmental and economic challenges. To address these issues, this study examines the short-term effects of integrating cattle grazing on annual forages and its impact on subsequent spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) yields. Conducted from 2020 to 2023 at South Dakota State University's West River Research Farm, the study used a randomized complete block design with four treatments: grazed cover crops (CG), swathed grazed cover crops (SG), ungrazed monoculture sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum × drumondii) hay (C1), and ungrazed cover crops (C2), all followed by spring wheat. Results showed that grazing treatments, especially SG, led to a 20% increase in wheat yield compared to C1. Soil health indicators showed no significant differences between grazed and control plots. However, grazed treatments had higher soil NO3-N levels, indicating increased nitrogen availability. Protein content in wheat remained consistent across treatments, suggesting that yield gains were due to enhanced nitrogen availability during early growth stages. These findings support that livestock integration can boost crop yields by improving short-term nitrogen availability. Further research is needed to assess long-term impacts on soil health, crop productivity, and to determine sustainable grazing practices for integrated systems.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70149","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145062703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The optimum seeding rate varies for a hybrid in furrow-irrigated rice 沟灌水稻杂交品种的最佳播量各不相同

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.70167

Justin L. Chlapecka

{"title":"The optimum seeding rate varies for a hybrid in furrow-irrigated rice","authors":"Justin L. Chlapecka","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70167","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.70167","url":null,"abstract":"Furrow-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L.) (FIR) is a common practice in much of the mid-southern United States; however, management practices are often based on research findings in conventional flood rice (CFR). The FIR environment differs significantly from CFR and differs within each individual field, as a flood is typically held in the lower portion of the field while the top of the field remains aerobic. Seeding rate recommendations in FIR are currently extrapolated from CFR data; therefore, a study was initiated in 2022 with XP753 and continued in 2023–2024 with RT7421 FP to define the optimum seeding rate of hybrid rice grown in the FIR system. Five seeding rates from 43 to 215 seeds/m2 were tested in a split-plot design, with the whole-plot factor being area within the field and the split-plot factor being seeding rate. Across eight site-years, rice density (plants/m2) was significantly affected by seeding rate. Rice density increased as seeding rate increased. Conversely, the effective stand (number of plants/seed) decreased as seeding rate increased. Approximately 0.79 plants/seed were established with a seeding rate of 43 seeds/m2, while 0.53 plants/seed were established when planting 215 seeds/m2. There was a significant interaction affecting grain yield between area within the field and seeding rate. In the top end of the field, 215 seeds/m2 were required to maximize yield potential, while 129 and 86 seeds/m2 were required in the middle and bottom of the field, respectively. Data presented here indicate that variable rate seeding should be considered in the FIR system.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70167","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Straw incorporation significantly enhanced rice yield via regulating source–sink balance 秸秆还田通过调节源库平衡显著提高水稻产量

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.70164

Xinlu Long, Yuxi Zhou, Jiayu Qin, Shidong Liang, Yong Zhou, Ligeng Jiang, Pengli Yuan

{"title":"Straw incorporation significantly enhanced rice yield via regulating source–sink balance","authors":"Xinlu Long, Yuxi Zhou, Jiayu Qin, Shidong Liang, Yong Zhou, Ligeng Jiang, Pengli Yuan","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70164","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.70164","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield in China has significantly increased, resulting in a substantial amount of straw residue and a low utilization rate. In situ straw returning is the most convenient and efficient method for utilizing straw. However, the long-term effects of straw returning on rice yield and the optimal straw returning method remain unclear in the double-cropping rice regions of South China. This study investigated the effects of straw mulching (SMR) and straw incorporation (SIR) on rice yield, nutrient absorption, and the source/sink, using straw removal as a control (CK). The findings indicated that, compared to the CK, rice yield under SIR was 6.6%–24.8% higher. Furthermore, SIR significantly enhanced nitrogen (N) accumulation in rice plants. At maturity, the total N accumulation and distribution ratio were highest under SIR, with total N accumulation increased by 5.6%–26.8% compared to SMR, and by 13.0%–57.8% compared to CK. Compared with CK, the grain-leaf ratio (GLR) and harvest index (HI) under SIR increased by 5.4%–20.7% and 11.6%–15.6%, respectively. Similarly, compared with SMR, GLR and HI under SIR increased by 2.2%–15% and 6.5%–17.8%, respectively. Overall, SIR not only enhances nitrogen accumulation in rice plants but also boosts the net assimilation rate, ultimately maximizing the GLR. Therefore, the SIR strategy represents the most effective approach for sustainable crop production in the double-cropping rice regions of South China.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Foliar application of molybdenum combined with cobalt affects leaf nitrogen concentration, grain yield, and yield components of soybean 钼钴配施对大豆叶片氮素浓度、籽粒产量和产量构成均有影响

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-10 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.70160

Jorge Delfim, Adônis Moreira, Larissa A. C. Moraes

{"title":"Foliar application of molybdenum combined with cobalt affects leaf nitrogen concentration, grain yield, and yield components of soybean","authors":"Jorge Delfim, Adônis Moreira, Larissa A. C. Moraes","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70160","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.70160","url":null,"abstract":"The high protein content in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) necessitates maximizing the nitrogen (N) absorption capacity and the biological N fixation process. This study aimed to evaluate whether foliar application of molybdenum (Mo) combined with cobalt (Co) enhances the productivity, yield components, N content, and protein and oil contents of soybeans. The experiment consisted of randomized blocks with a split-plot arrangement, with two soybean cultivars (BRS 399 Roundup Ready [RR] and BRS 284) as a main plot and the presence or absence of foliar application of Co + Mo as a subplot, during two seasons and eight replications. Foliar application was performed during the vegetative stages V3 and V5. The results revealed that foliar fertilization with Co + Mo increased the grain yield by 9.8% for BRS 399 RR in the first season and by 15.4% for BRS 284 in the second season. For BRS 399 RR, the N concentration in the leaves, protein yield, and oil content were also positively affected by the Co + Mo application. For BRS 284, only the N concentration in leaves increased in the first season, whereas the protein yield improved in the second season. However, compared with the control, the protein and N concentrations in the grains of both cultivars and seasons were not significantly influenced by Co + Mo application. The foliar application of Co + Mo had both positive and neutral effects on grain yield, protein yield, and leaf N concentration, depending on weather conditions and the soybean cultivar used, thus impacting N use efficiency.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70160","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145037922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Historical changes in maize light extinction coefficient and light capture due to breeding and plant density 玉米消光系数和光捕获的历史变化与育种和植株密度有关

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.70170

Elvis F. Elli, George Kalogeropoulos, Slobodan Trifunovic, Kevin R. Kosola, Sotirios V. Archontoulis

{"title":"Historical changes in maize light extinction coefficient and light capture due to breeding and plant density","authors":"Elvis F. Elli, George Kalogeropoulos, Slobodan Trifunovic, Kevin R. Kosola, Sotirios V. Archontoulis","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70170","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.70170","url":null,"abstract":"Identifying how maize (Zea mays L.) light interception has historically changed due to breeding and plant density can inform strategies to maximize future crop yields. We measured light interception at the top, middle, and lower canopy and derived the light extinction coefficient in 18 maize hybrids released by Bayer Crop Science between 1983 and 2017 in two environments in the US Corn Belt. Results indicated that at a constant plant density of 8.5 plants m−2, breeding has decreased light interception at the top canopy by 0.51% year−1, enhanced light capture in the middle canopy without affecting whole-canopy light interception. Newer hybrids at 8.5 plants m−2 intercepted more light at the bottom canopy than older hybrids at 4.5 plants m−2. We revealed a trade-off between breeding and plant density on light interception, in which the combination of both factors increased the total light interception by approximately 3%. The light extinction coefficient has decreased with the hybrid year of release by 0.5% year−1 at 8.5 plants m−2 (p = 0.15). Breeding and planting density had similarly contributed to decreasing light extinction coefficient. Present results enhance our understanding of historical changes in maize light interception as affected by breeding and plant density, which could inform future crop modeling and crop ideotype design studies.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70170","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corn response to sulfur fertilizer rate and source in Illinois 伊利诺伊州玉米对硫肥用量及来源的响应

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.70169

Giovani Preza Fontes, John Jones, Kristin D. Greer, Daniel Schaefer, Daniel Kaiser, Fabián G. Fernández

{"title":"Corn response to sulfur fertilizer rate and source in Illinois","authors":"Giovani Preza Fontes, John Jones, Kristin D. Greer, Daniel Schaefer, Daniel Kaiser, Fabián G. Fernández","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70169","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.70169","url":null,"abstract":"Sulfur (S) is an essential nutrient for optimizing corn (Zea mays L.) growth and yield. While S deficiency has increased in recent years, corn response to S fertilizer application remains challenging to predict owing to complex interactions among soil, crop, and weather conditions. Forty field trials were conducted between 2009 and 2011 over a range of soil types and environments to evaluate corn grain yield response to S fertilizer and assess the ability of soil and leaf S concentration to predict yield response to S fertilizer. Rate trials included two (0 and 34 kg S ha−1) or five rates (0 to 52 kg S ha−1, in 13 kg ha−1 increments), whereas S sources were evaluated at 26 kg S ha−1 (ammonium sulfate [21-0-0-24S], elemental S [0-0-0-90S], gypsum [0-0-0-21Ca-17S], monoammonium phosphate [MAP] MAP-10S [12-40-0-10S], MAP-10S+Zn [12-40-0-10S-1 Zn], and MAP-15S [13-33-0-15S]). Over the 3-year study period, we found minimal yield response to S fertilizer application with an overall response rate of 5% (two of 40 trials). In addition, neither S fertilizer evaluated increased corn grain yield relative to no S at any site; however, elemental S significantly reduced yield in one of 18 sites. While S application generally increased soil and earleaf S concentration, this did not translate into yield increases; hence, the lack of relationship between relative yield and soil and earleaf S. Under the study's conditions, these results indicate that S fertilization is unlikely to increase corn yields, and standard diagnostic tests such as soil S and earleaf S concentration are unreliable in predicting yield response in the upper US Midwest. Future research should incorporate other organic and inorganic soil S fractions to improve understanding and prediction of crop response to S fertilization.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145021874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Seven-year straw and biochar amendments modulate soil pore structure, nutrient availability, and nitrogen partial factor productivity 七年秸秆和生物炭改良剂调节土壤孔隙结构、养分有效性和氮部分因子生产力

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.70171

Ning An, Lei Zhang, Jeff J. Schoenau, Yao Liu, Binbin Ren, Zhengchao Wu, Wei Han, Xiaori Han

{"title":"Seven-year straw and biochar amendments modulate soil pore structure, nutrient availability, and nitrogen partial factor productivity","authors":"Ning An, Lei Zhang, Jeff J. Schoenau, Yao Liu, Binbin Ren, Zhengchao Wu, Wei Han, Xiaori Han","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70171","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.70171","url":null,"abstract":"Straw and biochar have shown potential to enhance soil structure, increase nutrient availability, improve crop productivity, and reduce reliance on chemical fertilizers. However, their cumulative effectiveness as partial fertilizer substitutes over extended periods remains unclear. This study evaluated rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw and its biochar as partial fertilizer substitutes on soil pore structure, nutrient supply, pH, root growth, yield, and nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN-chem) in a 7-year field trial in Northeast China. The experiment included five treatments: (1) 100% chemical NPK fertilizer (NPK), (2) low-dose biochar (LB: 1.5 Mg ha−1 year−1), (3) high-dose biochar (HB: 3.0 Mg ha−1 year−1), (4) low-dose straw (LS: 4.5 Mg ha−1 year−1), and (5) high-dose straw (HS: 9.0 Mg ha−1 year−1). Chemical NPK application rates in the straw and biochar treatments were adjusted to maintain equivalent total nutrient level. After 7 years, both LB and LS attained average rice yields (LB: 6.7; LS: 7.6 Mg ha−1) similar to NPK (7.3 Mg ha−1), though initial yields were lower than NPK. This parity resulted from enhanced macroporosity and pore connectivity, which promoted root growth to compensate for reduced nitrogen availability. Specifically, LS exhibited 42.4% greater macroporosity (100–500 µm), 19.3% longer roots, and 54.8% higher root biomass than LB, yielding superior PFPN-chem (+27.3%) with a 16% chemical N fertilizer reduction. However, high doses (HB/HS) led to average yield declines (22.8% and 13.1% lower than NPK). These findings highlight the potential of low-dose straw and biochar as sustainable strategies for improving soil quality and reducing fertilizer dependency.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70171","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011938","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cotton response to row pattern and plant density: Part I—Development and yield 棉花对排型和密度的响应：第1部分：发育和产量

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-08 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.70132

William J. Rutland, Brian K. Pieralisi, Darrin M. Dodds, Whitney D. Crow, G. Dave Spencer, J. Wes Lowe, Brian E. Mills

{"title":"Cotton response to row pattern and plant density: Part I—Development and yield","authors":"William J. Rutland, Brian K. Pieralisi, Darrin M. Dodds, Whitney D. Crow, G. Dave Spencer, J. Wes Lowe, Brian E. Mills","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70132","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.70132","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) to compensate for lower plant densities and 2 × 1 skip row patterns has been evaluated by numerous studies. Studies were conducted to determine if cotton yield can be maintained in a 1 × 1 skip row pattern and across plant densities to increase profit margins. Cotton growth, development, and yield were investigated in an irrigated production system in Starkville, MS, on a Leaper silty clay loam (fine, smectitic, nonacid, and thermic Vertic Epiaquepts) and in Stoneville, MS, on a Beulah very fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, active, and thermic Typic Dystrudepts). Row patterns consisted of solid planted and 1 × 1 skip row pattern, and plant density consisted of 37,065, 74,130, 111,195, and 148,260 plants ha−1. Skip row pattern and lower plant density reduced plant height. Total node and nodes above cracked boll were reduced as plant density increased. There was an interaction between location, year, and pattern, as well as year and plant density, with respect to yield. At three of four site years, solid row pattern produced greater yield in comparison to skip row pattern. However, row pattern and plant density had no effect on yield when pooled over location and year. Net returns varied by location and row pattern. Skip row produced a greater net return in Stoneville when compared to solid planting pattern; however, in Starkville, a greater net return was produced with solid planting pattern. Increased plant density did not increase profit margin due to increased seed costs.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://acsess.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70132","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145011937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drip irrigation effect on seed yield, quality, and water use of Artemisia sphaerocephala 滴灌对沙蒿种子产量、品质及水分利用的影响

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.70139

Dali Chen, Mengjie Bai, Jinglong Bao, Yawen Xu, Xiuzhen Fu, Shuqing Lang, Yanrong Wang, Xiaowen Hu

{"title":"Drip irrigation effect on seed yield, quality, and water use of Artemisia sphaerocephala","authors":"Dali Chen, Mengjie Bai, Jinglong Bao, Yawen Xu, Xiuzhen Fu, Shuqing Lang, Yanrong Wang, Xiaowen Hu","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.70139","url":null,"abstract":"Artemisia sphaerocephala, a xerophyte shrub from the Compositae family, has gained significant attention in ecological restoration and various industries. However, limited knowledge of agricultural practices for its seed production hinders the development and use of this species. In a 5-year field experiment, we investigated the effects of four surface drip irrigation treatments (W0, W1, W2, and W3 with 0, 80, 160, and 240 mm, respectively) on seed yield, quality, and water use efficiency (WUE) in A. sphaerocephala. Higher irrigation levels significantly increased seed yield, with annual averages of 37, 85, 140, and 195 kg/ha for W0, W1, W2, and W3, respectively. Additionally, increased irrigation improved germination percentage and reduced median water potential (<math>\u0000 <semantics>\u0000 <msub>\u0000 <mi>ψ</mi>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mrow>\u0000 <mn>50</mn>\u0000 <mo>(</mo>\u0000 <mi>g</mi>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 <mo>)</mo>\u0000 </mrow>\u0000 </msub>\u0000 <annotation>${psi _{{mathrm{50(g}})}}$</annotation>\u0000 </semantics></math>). However, the effect of irrigation on WUE varied from year to year. Therefore, we recommend total irrigation of 240 mm, distributed as 80 mm each during winter, regreening, and full flowering stages, to optimize A. sphaerocephala seed production, particularly in arid regions. A structural equation model identified seeds per flower (SF) as the most significant contributor to seed yield, highlighting SF as a key trait for breeding programs aimed at improving A. sphaerocephala seed yield. Our study provides valuable insights for implementing effective agronomic measures to enhance seed yield in A. sphaerocephala and similar semi-shrubs.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144997947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Over-seeded cool-season annuals for cover crop or forage roles in warm-season perennial grass pastures 暖季多年生牧草的覆盖作物或饲料作用

IF 2 3区农林科学

Agronomy Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-05 DOI: 10.1002/agj2.70157

Kun-Jun Han, Montgomery W. Alison, Bisoondat Macoon, Lisa M. Fultz, Paola C. Muela Negrete, Abiola Bruce-Smith, William D. Pitman

{"title":"Over-seeded cool-season annuals for cover crop or forage roles in warm-season perennial grass pastures","authors":"Kun-Jun Han, Montgomery W. Alison, Bisoondat Macoon, Lisa M. Fultz, Paola C. Muela Negrete, Abiola Bruce-Smith, William D. Pitman","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70157","DOIUrl":"10.1002/agj2.70157","url":null,"abstract":"Over-seeded annual grasses and legumes, which can provide forage on dormant perennial warm-season grass pastures, serve as cover crops on fallow cropland. Although erosion control is not a typical need for pastures with perennial grass sod, cover crops functioning as catch crops to reduce cool-season nutrient loss or legumes for N fixation could contribute to reduced-cost warm-season pasture growth. Treatments of over-seeded cool-season species and management evaluating effects of cover crop removal as forage versus mulched as a N source were evaluated at three locations in 3 years. Cool-season legumes produced more biomass N than cool-season grasses, indicating biological N contributions of the legumes. Nitrogen limitation of the less productive, non-fertilized grasses indicates that readily available soil N had been depleted, limiting N leaching. Despite mulching of legume biomass with N amounts of 45–89 kg ha−1, biomass production of bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers.] in the following growing season was not increased. Lack of benefit of cover crop N contributions to subsequent bermudagrass forage production indicates that the availability of increased soil N was not synchronized with periods of efficient bermudagrass N uptake. These unanticipated results appear to be due to the effect of N mineralization-immobilization processes on N availability combined with variable rates of bermudagrass growth in response to periodic moisture limitations in this warm, humid, but uncertain environment.","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144998936","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0