Agronomy Journal最新文献

{"title":"Historical changes and yield in the Ohio corn performance test: A 50-year summary","authors":"Jhonata Cantuaria Medeiros,&nbsp;Jean Zavala,&nbsp;Mohsen Shahrokhi,&nbsp;Richard Minyo,&nbsp;Allen Geyer,&nbsp;Alexander Lindsey,&nbsp;Peter Thomison,&nbsp;Osler Ortez","doi":"10.1002/agj2.21746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.21746","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Reaching production potential, crop quality, and profitability are pivotal goals across cropping systems. The Ohio corn performance test (OCPT) has deployed research approaches in the last 50 years. Partnerships between Ohio State University, seed companies, and cooperating farmers have tested commercially available corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) hybrids across several locations in the state. This work aims to identify historical changes in agronomic characteristics, environmental factors, crop management, and their association with crop productivity and gross income over 50 years. Yield improvements were observed, from 9.34 (1972–1981) to 14.78 (2012–2021) Mg ha⁻¹. Adopting management practices such as crop rotation and soil conservation practices (e.g., minimum till, no-till, and stale seedbed) accompanied production improvements. Our results showed that seeding rate, seedling emergence, and final stands had strong correlations with yield (81%, 64%, and 82%). Regions with better weather conditions (i.e., more precipitation, higher average temperatures, lower wind speed) also had strong correlations with yield; the central region had the highest average yield. In this 50-year dataset, OCPT yields represented gross income values 40% higher compared to the average for the state of Ohio during the same period. This study indicates that yield improvements in the corn performance test have been achieved through synergistic changes in new hybrids, key management practices, and coupled with suitable growing environments. Our work reaffirms that selecting hybrids that are best adapted to specific growing environments is a primary factor in achieving high yields and profits at the farm level.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.21746","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143396992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing population and family selection accuracy with statistical genetics models accounting for epistatic effects for wheat breeding","authors":"Rafael Tobias Lang Fronza,&nbsp;Henrique Caletti Mezzomo,&nbsp;Cláudio Vieira Batista,&nbsp;Estéfano Moresco,&nbsp;Kaio Olimpio das Graças Dias,&nbsp;Maicon Nardino","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Few studies have investigated the effect on the genotypic value of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) families with the adoption of the additive and epistatic (additive × additive) relationship matrix. The objective of this study is to select F_2:3 families of wheat by means of three statistical genetics models (without pedigree information, additive, and additive plus additive × additive epistatic) and to evaluate the selection rank between the traditional model and the model with best fit of families for recombination and for deriving progenies. The experiment was composed of a total of 880 F_2:3 families of tropical wheat, from 56 populations conducted by the genealogical method, which came from a full diallel involving the cultivars BRS 254, BRS 264, and BRS 394, CD 1303, Tbio Aton, Tbio Ponteiro, Tbio Duque, and Tbio Sossego. The pedigree matrix was calculated, obtaining approximately 20 generations of ancestry of the parents. The data were analyzed in three genetic-statistical models: Model 1—without information on family relationship; Model 2—computing the additive relationship matrix; and Model 3—including the additive and epistatic (additive × additive) relationship matrix. Using the additive and epistatic (additive × additive) pedigree matrix has a significant effect on most traits. The selection revealed families of populations with potential to be used in recombinations: BRS 254/CD 1303, Tbio Ponteiro/BRS 394, and BRS 394/Tbio Ponteiro, with genetic value to derive progenies: BRS 254/Tbio Aton, Tbio Aton/Tbio Duque, and BRS 394/Tbio Aton, and with both attributes: BRS 254/CD 1303, BRS 394/Tbio Ponteiro, and Tbio Sossego/BRS 264.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An inter-laboratory comparison of soil organic carbon analysis on a farm with four agricultural management systems","authors":"William Brinton,&nbsp;Bruno Basso,&nbsp;Neville Millar,&nbsp;Kris Covey,&nbsp;Charles Bettigo,&nbsp;Sindhu Jagadamma,&nbsp;Frank Loeffler","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70018","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Soil organic carbon (SOC) as a key soil health indicator is integral to the soil's capacity to function as a vital living ecosystem that sustains plants, animals, and humans. Accurate SOC estimation is essential to decision-making for an increasing number of stakeholders, such as farmers, industry professionals, and policymakers, to determine the environmental benefit of agricultural practices, and more recently, allocate financial rewards through carbon market initiatives. Our study examined SOC variability in soils from four different regenerative management systems on a single farm using stratification and sample compositing, and analyzed by four different laboratories using dry combustion, the recommended analytical method, but one which varied according to laboratory standard operating procedures (SOP). Results showed significant variation in SOC levels for the same soil samples at different laboratories (1.6 ± 0.2 g kg⁻¹), variation comparable to that between the distinct management systems (1.5 ± 0.4 g kg⁻¹). Our findings show that analytical variability within and between laboratories must be considered, that use of the same laboratory, and to the extent possible the same SOP for successive SOC measurements at the same location is necessary, and that rigorous stratification alongside minimal sample consolidation should be conducted to generate analytical sample numbers that cater to logistics, economics, and scientific rigor.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70018","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143389134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimating hard winter wheat yield with historical and novel methods","authors":"Maria C. M. Sciencia,&nbsp;Cody F. Creech,&nbsp;Katherine A. Frels,&nbsp;Amanda C. Easterly","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Estimating potential crop yield during the growing season allows growers to adjust inputs, set reasonable harvest expectations, and guide marketing decisions. Therefore, the ability to estimate yield is a valuable yet difficult goal for growers. To evaluate the potential of several methods of wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) grain yield prediction, this experiment used published methods based on phenological characteristics: stand and tiller/spike counts, and newer methods that employ image- and reflectance-based approaches, such as fractional green canopy cover (FGCC) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) readings. This experiment was conducted across six locations (Banner, Box Butte, Cheyenne, Intensively Managed at Cheyenne, Deuel, and Kimball counties) in western Nebraska during 2019–2020, 2020–2021, and 2021–2022 for a total of 11 site-years. Treatments consisted of seven winter wheat varieties that were evaluated in the Winter Wheat State Variety Trials. Stand count did not show a significant correlation with wheat yield (0.09) nor model fit for yield estimation. Spike count was significantly correlated with yield (0.54), but efforts to use it to estimate final yield were not significant. Due to the inconsistency of yield prediction with historical methods, analyses of novel methods of yield estimation were warranted. NDVI and FGCC readings correlate with wheat yield and model fit efforts were successful. NDVI at Feekes 10 correlated significantly at 0.39, while FGCC had correlations of 0.56, 0.50, and 0.68 at Feekes 2, 4, and 10 (respectively). This experiment suggests that NDVI and FGCC are methods that could be used to replace outdated and laborious approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Yield-stability selection index applied to identify top genotypes in a Hevea brasiliensis segregating population in Antioquia, Colombia","authors":"Danilo Augusto Monsalve García,&nbsp;José Miguel Cotes Torres,&nbsp;Alejandro Alberto Navas Arboleda,&nbsp;Oscar de Jesús Córdoba-Gaona","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70015","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Rubber (&lt;i&gt;Hevea brasiliensis&lt;/i&gt;) production in Colombia has been primarily dependent on three predominant genotypes for over five decades. However, challenges such as disease susceptibility and low yield and quality underscore the need for increased genetic variability. Yield-stability indexes are essential tools for identifying superior genotypes in &lt;i&gt;Hevea&lt;/i&gt; breeding programs. In 1999, a segregating rubber plantation with 3395 trees was established at the Agrosavia El Nus Research Center. Georeferencing, tapping data, and total solids yield were assessed through 10 evaluations per tree. This study aimed to identify high-performing rubber genotypes using an adjusted total solids yield-stability index. Phenotypic values were adjusted to account for microclimate effects and temporal variation. The resulting index, applied through stratified mass selection, provided a closer approximation of genotypic performance. Based on the index, the top 50 and bottom 10 genotypes were identified, offering insights into elite individuals' contributions to total solids production. Notably, genotypes 2a13, 2a317, and 3a89 exhibited higher predicted yield-stability (&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̂&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${hat p}$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;) index values, with &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̂&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;13&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;87.03&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;\u0000 &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;\u0000 &lt;mspace&gt;&lt;/mspace&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̂&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;a&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;317&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;/msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;78.50&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;,&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;annotation&gt;${hat p_{2{mathrm{a}}13}} = 87.03,{mathrm{;;;}}{hat p_{2{mathrm{a}}317}} = 78.50,$&lt;/annotation&gt;\u0000 &lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt; and &lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;math&gt;\u0000 &lt;semantics&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;msub&gt;\u0000 &lt;mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mi&gt;p&lt;/mi&gt;\u0000 &lt;mo&gt;̂&lt;/mo&gt;\u0000 &lt;/mover&gt;\u0000 &lt;mrow&gt;\u0000 &lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing groundnut sowing for minimizing dry spell risks over Rayalaseema, a rainfed region of India","authors":"K. Ashok Kumar,&nbsp;S. N. Malleswari,&nbsp;K. V. S. Sudheer,&nbsp;Santanu Kumar Bal,&nbsp;N. Manikandan,&nbsp;A. V. M. Subba Rao,&nbsp;M. A. Sarath Chandran","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70020","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Groundnut productivity in rainfed regions of arid and semi-arid agro-ecosystems in southern India is highly vulnerable to intra-seasonal rainfall variability as well as the timing, duration, frequency, and intensity of dry spells. The Rayalaseema semi-arid region of India, a major groundnut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.)-growing region, has experienced increasing intra-seasonal rainfall variability, especially over the last few decades. To understand the impacts of dry spells on the growth and development of groundnut, field experiments on groundnut (cultivar K6) were conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, Ananthapuramu, Andhra Pradesh, during 2015–2020. The results indicated that the amount and distribution of rainfall during different phenophases were the most influential parameters on dry matter production, phenology, and pod yield in groundnut and can have either a positive or negative effect depending on whether the rainfall matches the crop's water requirements during specific growth stages. It was found that, in July second fortnight (II-FN) sown crop, the rainfall received was synchronized with pod initiation to maturity stage, resulting in higher dry matter production (456 g m⁻²) and pod yield (1123 kg ha⁻¹). On the other hand, pod initiation-pod maturity stage with August I-FN sown crop received less rainfall, leading to a soil moisture deficit and lower pod yields (815 kg ha⁻¹). The duration of pod initiation-pod maturity stage with August I-FN sown crop was significantly less (47 days) compared to July II-FN (54 days) and July I-FN (50 days) sown crops, resulting in reduced pod filling period that drastically affected pod yield. It can be concluded that the existing sowing time for groundnuts needs to be advanced from August I-FN to July II-FN. This will not only avoid terminal moisture stress during pod initiation-pod maturity stage but also help in enhancing groundnut productivity in rainfed areas of Rayalaseema region.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fraise mowing impacts soil physical properties of bermudagrass surfaces","authors":"Raymond K. McCauley,&nbsp;Grady L. Miller,&nbsp;Garland D. Pinnix,&nbsp;Joshua L. Heitman","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70016","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Fraise mowing has traditionally been used as an aggressive cultural practice for bermudagrass thatch management in golf and sports turf settings. Despite expanded applications, its effect on edaphic characteristics has yet to be thoroughly explored. The objective of this research was to evaluate physical properties of two soil types beneath established Tifway hybrid bermudagrass (<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> × <i>C. transvaalensis</i> Burtt. Davy) following fraise mowing. A study was conducted during the summers of 2016–2019 on a Cecil sandy loam (loam) and a sand-capped soccer field (sand) in Wake County, NC. Three fraise mowing depths of 0.6, 1.2, and 2.5 cm, and an untreated control were administered in mid-June of each year. Thatch content decreased by 18%–50% after fraise mowing. Divot resistance measured within the sand rootzone decreased by ≤24% with increasing fraise mowing depth and the removal of roots, rhizomes, and stolons. Saturated hydraulic conductivity in the sand decreased by 0%–57% with increasing fraise mowing depth compared to the control. Surface hardness increased ≤53% with 1.2- and 2.5-cm fraise mowing depths with differences more pronounced in the loam (≤28 <i>g</i>_max) compared to the sand (≤6 <i>g</i>_max). At saturation (0-cm pressure) and field capacity (100-cm pressure), water content decreased by 9%–18% and 5%–10%, respectively, with increasing fraise mowing depth in the sand. Results indicate fraise mowing did alter soil physical properties in both soils and increasing fraise mowing depths increased the effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potato yield projections under climate change in Canada","authors":"Guillaume Jégo,&nbsp;Marianne Crépeau,&nbsp;Qi Jing,&nbsp;Brian Grant,&nbsp;Ward Smith,&nbsp;Morteza Mesbah,&nbsp;Budong Qian","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70017","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Potato (<i>Solanum tuberosum</i> L.) is an important staple crop in Canada. Past studies have forecasted future yield decreases under climate change, which could have major consequences for the economy of some regions. However, limitations in those studies suggest that further investigations are needed. In this study, we simulated the effect of 15 climate change scenarios (classified from low to moderate and high) on potato potential (no N and water stresses) and rainfed (no N stress) yields at 59 locations across Canada representing current and future potential production regions using three crop models (Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer [DSSAT], DeNitrification and DeComposition [DNDC], and Simulateur mulTI-disciplinaire pour les Cultures Standard [STICS]). Simulation trends were generally consistent across all three crop models and suggested (1) an increase in potential and rainfed yields in the future (up to 4.4 t ha⁻¹ dry matter in 2051–2080 compared with 1991–2020) in the northern regions where production is currently limited, if not impossible, due to a too short growing season; (2) a slight-to-moderate increase in potential and rainfed yields in the near future (2021–2050) for the remaining regions with greater increases for drier regions (0.7–3.1 t ha⁻¹) than in wetter regions (0.5–1.4 t ha⁻¹); and (3) stable or lower yields (up to −2.7 t ha⁻¹) in the distant future (2051–2080), for most regions except the northern ones, due to excessively high temperatures, especially in the moderate and high-climate change scenarios. This study gave the first extensive projections of future potato yield in Canada, including northern locations where production may become possible.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70017","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peanut responds to K fertilization but not to K timing on low-K sandy soils","authors":"Angel S. Zubieta,&nbsp;Aadil A. Rahman,&nbsp;George Hochmuth,&nbsp;Anthony Drew,&nbsp;Emma G. Matcham","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70022","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Potassium (K) is necessary for plant growth, and insufficient K reduces peanut [<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> (L.)] yield and grade. Peanut production in Florida is on sandy soils with low cation exchange capacity. Minimizing K loss to leaching may be affected by the timing of fertilizer-K application. We evaluated the impact of K fertilization on pod yield and grade of peanut in sites with different soil test K (STK) levels. Treatments comprised a two-way factorial with five fertilizer rates (0, 46, 93, 140, and 186 kg ha⁻¹ K) and four application timings (planting; planting plus early bloom; planting, early bloom, plus 60 days; early bloom plus 60 days). The study occurred at sites Hilltop, Citra, and Sesame with Mehlich-3 STK levels 2, 26, and 40 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, at the University of Florida Plant Sciences Research and Education Unit in Citra, FL. In the low-STK sites (Hilltop, Citra), the relative yield increased quadratically until fertilizer rates reached 160 and 82 kg ha⁻¹ K, respectively, after which there was no further increase in peanut pod yield. At Sesame, pod yield was not affected by K rate. Splitting K applications did not improve pod yield at any site in these seasons, which had few leaching rains. Proportion of sound mature kernels (TSMK) was affected only by site, averaging ≥75%. Fertilizing peanuts with 82–160 kg ha⁻¹ K maximized pod yield in soils with Mehlich-3 STK ≤26 mg kg⁻¹, and different responses to K fertilizer rate observed at fields with different STK levels within the low STK index category suggests justification for splitting this category. A single K application is sufficient in sites with low incidence of leaching rains.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143362407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Auxin injury on cotton, II: Effects on yield components","authors":"Savana Denton,&nbsp;Tyson Raper,&nbsp;Darrin Dodds,&nbsp;Chris Main,&nbsp;Thomas Mueller","doi":"10.1002/agj2.70014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/agj2.70014","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Auxin-tolerant cotton (<i>Gossypium hirsutum</i>, L.) cultivars are the latest tools producers use to combat herbicide-resistant weed species during the growing season. The widespread implementation of auxin-tolerant crops has led to an increase in in-season applications of auxins. Auxin drift has subsequently become a more prominent issue in the agricultural industry and causes producers to shift management tactics. Yield partitioning research based on auxin application timing has been conducted, but more information is needed concerning application rate and the interaction between application rate and timing. Experiments were conducted from 2019 to 2021 in Grand Junction, TN, to determine the effects of synthetic auxin exposure on boll positioning, development, and production. Applications of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or dicamba were made to cotton cultivars of the opposite technology at either matchhead square or 2 weeks after first bloom (FB + 2WK). Nontreated experimental plots were also included. More severe impacts on overall lint yield, yield partitioning, and yield components were observed following exposure to 2,4-D than dicamba. Application rate and timing also impacted yield components and partitioning. Exposure to 2,4-D during vegetative growth caused increased partitioning to vegetative and aborted fruiting positions but decreased partitioning to position 1, zone 2 (nodes 9 through 12), and zone 3 (nodes 13 and above) as application rate increased. Exposure to these rates at FB + 2WK did not impact yield partitioning. Environmental conditions following applications of 2,4-D or dicamba play an important role in the recovery and growth of cotton and subsequent yield penalties.</p>","PeriodicalId":7522,"journal":{"name":"Agronomy Journal","volume":"117 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/agj2.70014","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143118732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}