AIDS Research and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Strategies to improve retention in care among people living with HIV at health facilities in Manaus, Brazil: insight from health care providers.","authors":"Zeca Manuel Salimo, Elizangela Farias da Silva, Michael Nosano Yakubu, Paulo Afonso Nogueira, Adele Schwartz Benzaken","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00885-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00885-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retention in HIV care is a key component of the continuum of care and is essential for achieving the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. In Manaus, Northern Brazil, despite advances in HIV treatment and prevention, loss to follow-up among PLHIV remains a significant barrier to viral suppression and epidemic control. The present research explored health care providers' perspectives on strategies to improve retention in care among people living with HIV (PLHIV) at referral health facilities in Manaus.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2023 and October 2025 in six public health facilities in Manaus. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews were performed with 56 health care providers, including physicians, nurses, social workers, psychologists, pharmacists, and HIV/AIDS program state managers. Data were analyzed using thematic framework analysis with MAXQDA software.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Six major themes emerged from the analysis: (1) monitoring and follow-up of PLHIV, (2) challenges related to loss to follow-up, (3) impact of loss to follow-up on UNAIDS 95-95-95 goals, (4) barriers to retention, (5) strategies to optimize retention, and (6) state-level initiatives to improve retention. Providers identified poverty, food insecurity, unemployment, stigma, discrimination, transportation barriers, substance use, and health system constraints such as workforce shortages, long waiting times, and lack of privacy as key drivers of disengagement. Proposed strategies included strengthening multidisciplinary teams, promoting continuous professional training, implementing patient-centered and stigma-free care, enhancing active patient tracing, expanding digital communication tools, decentralizing services, and ensuring adequate financial and human resources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Retention in HIV care in Manaus is shaped by complex social and systemic factors. Integrated, multisectoral strategies addressing socioeconomic vulnerabilities and service-level barriers are essential to improve long-term engagement in care and advance progress toward the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13109883/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147687820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Successful multidisciplinary management of non-muscle-invasive upper tract urothelial carcinoma in a patient with HIV and concurrent staghorn calculus: a case report.","authors":"Tao Huang, Yi Mu, Xiangbo Wu, Guobing Li, Hao Tang, Qiu Zhong, Hua Chen, Wanting Chen, Fangfang Qi, Shengming Pi, Tao Li","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00870-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00870-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13344014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Representativeness of participants in a randomized controlled trial on modalities of monitoring oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use.","authors":"Marije L Groot Bruinderink, Maarten F Schim Van Der Loeff, Florien Dusseldorp, Katja Van Der Velde, Laura Blitz, Jean-Marie Brand, Colette Van Bokhoven, Joey Woudstra, Koenraad Vermey, Sophie Boers, Maudy Sluimer, Hannelore M Götz, Anders Boyd, Lotte Werner, Maaike L Soors d'Ancona, Frenk Van Harreveld, Maria Prins, Elske Hoornenborg, Udi Davidovich, Vita W Jongen","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00886-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00886-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We assessed whether participants in the EZI-PrEP study, a non-inferiority trial evaluating online and six-monthly monitoring of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), represent the broader population of PrEP users in the Netherlands.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a cross-sectional study using routinely collected data from September 2021 to August 2022 at four centres for sexual health (CSHs) in the Netherlands. Socio-demographic characteristics, sexual behaviour, and prevalence of bacterial STIs were compared between EZI-PrEP participants at baseline and other PrEP users during their first PrEP monitoring visit during the same period.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis included 469 EZI-PrEP participants and 5161 other PrEP users, of whom 99% and 96% were men who have sex with men (MSM), respectively. EZI-PrEP participants were less often transgender or gender-divers persons (TGDP) (1% vs. 4%, p < 0.001), older (median age = 36 vs. 34 years, p = 0.004), more often born in the Netherlands (68% vs. 58%, p < 0.001), and more often completed a university/college degree (81% vs. 76%, p = 0.01). They also reported more group sex (38% vs. 33%, p = 0.023) and condomless anal sex (95% vs. 92%, p = 0.004), but less often sex work (1% vs. 6%, p < 0.001). Prevalence of bacterial STIs were no different between groups (19% vs. 18%, p = 0.77).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The comparable STI prevalence suggests no difference in risk for HIV acquisition among EZI-PrEP participants and other PrEP users, making study outcomes applicable to a broader population of PrEP users. However, under-representation of TGDPs, sex workers, individuals not born in the Netherlands, and individuals without university or college degree may limit generalizability.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13362004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Poor adherence to second-line antiretroviral therapy and its contributing factors among people living with HIV in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.","authors":"Bekelech Bayou Feyissa, Abay Sisay, Anteneh Yalew, Geoffrey Setswe","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00878-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00878-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Poor adherence to second-line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) remains a major risk factor for virological failure among people living with HIV (PLHIV), posing a significant public health challenge. In Ethiopia, limited data exists on this issue, prompting a study to assess adherence levels and contributing factors among adults in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS: A concurrent design, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected and analyzed using SPSS v28 and Atlas.ti v24, respectively. RESULTS: Among 369 participants, 16.5% exhibited poor adherence, with varied progress over time. Following up, 89 (24%) of clients had high viral loads, and 34 (38%) of them achieved suppression after undergoing Enhanced Adherence Counseling (EAC). Key factors influencing poor adherence included the presence of opportunistic infections; clients with such conditions were over five times more likely to have poor adherence (5.186 [1.963–13.698], p = 0.001). Additionally, nondisclosure of HIV status was significantly associated with poor adherence (0.507 [95% CI: 0.265–0.971], p = 0.041). In contrast, literacy emerged as a protective factor; individuals with secondary education were 2.5 times more likely to maintain optimal adherence [95% CI: 1.061–5.925], p = 0.036). Supportive evidence was also generated from the qualitative data. CONCLUSION: While many participants demonstrated good adherence, variability persisted. EAC proved effective in improving viral suppression. The study underscores the importance of targeted interventions that address opportunistic infections, promote HIV status disclosure, and enhance health literacy to improve treatment outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270748/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147669849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of immune recovery and survival in HIV late presenters: a retrospective cohort study from Southwest China.","authors":"Die Li, Tongping Ren, Mei Liu, Jianjian Li, Meilin Li, Yungui Zhang, Rongjing Dong, Youwang Lu","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00882-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00882-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Late presentation (LP) of HIV infection, defined as diagnosis at an advanced stage with a low CD4⁺ T cell count or the presence of AIDS-defining illnesses, remains a major global challenge. Late presenters often experience higher morbidity, poorer immune recovery, and increased mortality, highlighting the importance of early diagnosis and timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted among HIV-infected patients who initiated ART at Yunnan Provincial Infectious Disease Hospital between 2004 and 2024. Late presenters were defined as patients with a baseline CD4⁺ T cell count < 350/µL or the presence of AIDS-defining illnesses, regardless of CD4⁺ T cell count. Clinical data were collected, survival rates were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox regression and logistic regression were applied to identify associated factors. RESULTS: A total of 7,549 patients were included, with a median follow-up time of 10.0 years (IQR 5.7–13.6). Among them, 73.3% were late presenters. Compared with non-late presenters, late presenters had a higher risk of mortality and poorer immune recovery. Key factors influencing immune recovery included sex, baseline CD4⁺ T cell count, and baseline viral load, with baseline CD4⁺ T cell count being particularly important. CONCLUSION: Late presentation of HIV infection significantly affects survival and immune reconstitution. This study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and intervention and provides evidence for identifying high-risk populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147662113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Three decades of HIV epidemic dynamics in The Gambia: a comprehensive analysis of prevalence, incidence, and mortality trends, 1990-2024.","authors":"Amadou Barrow, Lamin F S Badjie, Abdou Jarju, Elizabeth Sophie Gomez Ndow, Alpha Khan, Pa Ousman Bah","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00883-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00883-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The Gambia has experienced major HIV epidemic shifts over three decades. As a low-prevalence country, understanding epidemic trends remains crucial for health planning and resource allocation. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of 35 years of HIV prevalence, incidence, and mortality trends in The Gambia from 1990 to 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted epidemiological analysis using UNAIDS 2025 HIV estimates from 1990 to 2024. Temporal trends were examined across four phases. Log-linear regression estimated annual percent changes for people living with HIV (PLHIV), new infections, and AIDS deaths. Epidemic control was assessed using mortality-to-incidence and incidence-to-prevalence ratios.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PLHIV increased 24-fold from 1,035 (95% CI 784-1,342) in 1990 to 25,247 (95% CI 20,945-30,216) in 2024. Adult prevalence rose from 0·18% to 1·29%. The early phase showed explosive growth (annual percent change + 30·46% for PLHIV), followed by declining incidence concurrent with treatment scale-up (- 4·40% annually 2010-2019; -7·37% annually 2020-2024). New infections peaked at 2,439 (2009), declining to 1,124 (2024). The mortality-to-incidence ratio exceeded 1·0 in 2023. Progressive feminization emerged: female-to-male prevalence ratio increased from 1·06 to 1·57 (β = 0·0133/year, p < 0·0001), with women comprising 61·3% of PLHIV. Treatment cascade performance fell substantially below 95-95-95 targets (63·7% diagnosed, 44·3% on ART, 34·9% virally suppressed), with pronounced gender gaps (men: 52·7%/27·2%/21·2% vs. women: 72·1%/55·4%/44·4%). Pediatric infections increased 284% (44→169 cases), representing 15·0% of 2024 infections.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite declining incidence, The Gambia faces critical gaps in treatment cascade, particularly among men, epidemic feminization, and persistent vertical transmission, requiring urgent gender-responsive and pediatric interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270849/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147643773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Awareness, knowledge, perception and behavioral risk predictors of acceptability of long-acting injectable lenacapavir HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Ebenezer Senu, Cornelia Quainoo Donkor, Success Acheampomaa Oppong, Daniel Dzemedo Nouwati, Emmanuel Ntori, George Kyei Agyen, Alfred Effah","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00881-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00881-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-acting injectable HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), particularly lenacapavir, has demonstrated near-complete efficacy, yet its public health impact depends on community awareness, knowledge and acceptance. This cross-sectional study assessed awareness, knowledge, perceptions, acceptability, and predictors of lenacapavir use among adults in Ghana. We found awareness, knowledge, and perceptions were generally low, whilst acceptability was moderate (60.5%). Poor perception [(aOR = 0.12, 95% CI (0.05–0.29), p < 0.001)] and irregular exposure to online health information [(aOR = 0.24, 95% CI (0.07–0.77), p = 0.017)] were independently associated, 88.0% and 76.0% respectively, with lower acceptability. Targeted education, health worker engagement, and supportive policies are essential to facilitate lenacapavir uptake in Ghana.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13270618/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147626768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resuscitation of a patient with progressive AIDS-related opportunistic infections complicated by MODS through multidisciplinary collaboration: case report.","authors":"Shaowei Huang, Xiaofeng Wei","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00879-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00879-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Globally, AIDS-related opportunistic infections complicated by multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) are associated with high mortality and are difficult to treat. This article summarizes the resuscitation experience of a patient with AIDS-related opportunistic infections-induced multiple MODS and explores the multidisciplinary collaborative treatment strategies. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a 37-year-old female patient withImmune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) who was admitted to the hospital due to “oliguria for 2 months and fever accompanied by dyspnea for 4 days”. She had a 10-year history of HIV infection without regular antiretroviral therapy. Complications such as renal failure, Co-infection of the lungs, respiratory failure, heart failure, liver injury, and cardiac arrest occurred. Multidisciplinary collaboration was carried out to promptly initiate comprehensive treatments including advanced life support and targeted anti-infection therapy. Rapid initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy (Rapid ART) was started after the patient’s condition stabilized. RESULTS: After 2 months of comprehensive treatment, the patient regained consciousness, was weaned off the ventilator, and showed improvement in liver and kidney functions and inflammatory markers, achieving clinical cure. CONCLUSION: Early recognition, strong advanced life support, targeted anti-infection therapy, and timely initiation of Rapid ART are the keys to the successful treatment of MODS caused by AIDS-related opportunistic infections. It suggests that for patients with AIDS-related opportunistic infections complicated by multiple organ failure, active comprehensive treatment can still lead to a good prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13173706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief communication: observations of falsely reactive antigen/antibody HIV screening results in an emergency department setting.","authors":"Heather Hare, Emily Holbrook, Megan Sarmento, Rebecca Haber, Heather Henderson, Bernice McCoy, Samantha Reale, Angela Lauster, Jason Wilson","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00876-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00876-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>False-positive HIV antigen/antibody screening disrupts medical care and has psychological implications for misdiagnosed patients. From 2018 to 2023, our emergency-department screened 102,369 patients for HIV. Among 698 reactive antigen/antibody screens, 582 (83.4%) were confirmed true positives and 116 (16.6%) were false-positive, defined as a reactive antigen/antibody test with an undetectable viral load. Among a series of 13 patients with false-positive results, we evaluated clinical characteristics and conducted repeat testing. False reactivity resolved in 10 (77%) cases while 3 (23%) cases were persistently discordant. False positivity was seen during immune activation states including acute non-HIV infection, autoimmune disease, hematologic conditions, and liver disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and diagnostic challenges of otosyphilis in patients with HIV coinfection: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Aslı Haykır Solay, Sümeyra Doluoğlu, Dilek Bulut, Ali Bahadır Polat, Semanur Kuzi, Nesibe Korkmaz, Gönül Çiçek Şentürk","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00874-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00874-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global incidence of syphilis has been rising, and atypical clinical presentations are increasingly recognized. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced immune changes can alter syphilis progression and complicate diagnosis. Otosyphilis is a rare but potentially reversible cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This study investigates otologic involvement in patients co-infected with syphilis and HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of patients diagnosed with both syphilis and HIV infection at Etlik City Hospital between January 2023 and June 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. Adults aged ≥ 18 years with audiometry-confirmed SNHL were included. Other causes of hearing loss were excluded. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and treatment data were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 591 patients diagnosed with syphilis, 152 were HIV-positive, and five met inclusion criteria. Four had newly diagnosed HIV infection. None reported hearing loss spontaneously; symptoms were identified through systematic questioning or physical examination. Serologic profiles varied: three showed combined TPHA and VDRL positivity, one had isolated TPHA positivity, and one had isolated VDRL positivity. Lumbar puncture (LP) in four patients revealed abnormalities in two, including one with cerebrospinal fluid VDRL positivity. One patient who declined LP had magnetic resonance imaging findings compatible with neurosyphilis. All patients received intravenous penicillin G and progressively tapered prednisone treatment for 14 days, and clinically significant hearing improvement was observed in all cases; four of them were documented with audiometric measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Otosyphilis should be considered in individuals with HIV infection presenting with auditory symptoms, and syphilis testing should be performed in unexplained SNHL. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are critical to preventing irreversible hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147525253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}