AIDS Research and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and correlates of unprotected casual sex among sexually experienced college students in Guangxi: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Jiao Qin, Zhifeng Lin, Jinfeng He, Weiao Qin, Junhui Liu, Xinju Huang, Qiuqian Su, Li Ye, Hao Liang, Yuanjia Zheng, Bingyu Liang, Ping Cen","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00899-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00899-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Risky sexual behavior significantly contributes to sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among Chinese college students, yet data on unprotected casual sex remain limited. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of unprotected casual sex among sexually experienced students in Guangxi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross‑sectional online survey was conducted from October 2020 to March 2021among students from 16 colleges in Guangxi, using multistage stratified cluster sampling. Firth's penalized likelihood multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with unprotected casual sex. Stratified analyses were then conducted according to sexual orientation, and interaction terms were added to test for cross-group differences.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 12,847 sexually experienced students, 5.9% reported engaging in unprotected casual sex in the past year. In multivariate analysis, factors negatively associated with unprotected casual sex included higher level of HIV-related knowledge (OR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.38-0.80), neutral (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.37-0.88) or accepting attitudes (OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.26-0.56) toward premarital cohabitation, and neutral attitudes on engaging in one-night stands (OR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.95). In contrast, having more than five sexual partners (OR = 1.60, 95% CI 1.10-2.31), seeking sexual partners online (OR = 5.04, 95% CI 4.00-6.38), and receiving HIV testing in the past year (OR = 1.70, 95% CI 1.30-2.22) were positively associated with unprotected casual sex.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The prevalence of unprotected casual sex was low among sexually experienced college students in Guangxi. Unprotected casual sex was associated with HIV-related knowledge, HIV testing history, acceptance of premarital cohabitation, multiple sexual partners, and the behavior of seeking sexual partners online. These findings suggest that targeted interventions addressing the modifiable factors are of great significance for reducing unprotected casual sex and STIs risk in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13463819/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief communication: COVID-19 in patients with HIV-a prospective, single-centre cohort study in Slovakia.","authors":"Katarína Šimeková, Yaroslav Syrota, Martin Jozef Péč, Róbert Rosoľanka, Daniela Antolová","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00895-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00895-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence on COVID-19 among people living with HIV (PLWH) remains mixed and context-dependent.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We prospectively followed 64 PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy at a tertiary university hospital in Martin, Slovakia (September 2020-September 2021). SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed by RT-PCR.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>COVID-19 was diagnosed in 54 of 64 participants (84.4%) and was generally mild; none required intensive care, and no deaths were reported. There were no statistically significant differences between PLWH who did and did not develop COVID-19 with respect to age, duration of HIV infection, CD4 cell count, or viral suppression. Participants who developed COVID-19 were more likely to have at least one documented comorbidity; however, this did not appear to translate into severe outcomes in this small cohort. Among those with COVID-19, exploratory comparisons showed no clear differences in short-term outcomes according to mRNA vaccination status.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this small exploratory cohort of ART-treated individuals in Slovakia, we did not identify clear clinical or HIV-related predictors of COVID-19 outcomes; however, the study was underpowered and the findings should be interpreted cautiously.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459631/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148194262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kidney abnormalities in young people living with HIV on dolutegravir-based regimens in Kampala, Uganda.","authors":"Esther M Nasuuna, Risa Hoffman, Robert Kalyesubula, Chido Dziva Chikwari, Helen A Weiss","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00893-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00893-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We assessed the association between dolutegravir (DTG)-based antiretroviral therapy and kidney abnormalities among young people living with HIV in Kampala, Uganda. Cross-sectional albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR), proteinuria, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were measured. Among 483 participants, the mean serum creatinine was higher (0.68 vs. 0.59) and creatinine-based eGFR lower (118.8 vs. 113.9), among those on TDF/DTG. Cystatin C-based eGFR, prevalences of elevated ACR (9.6% vs. 13.0%), proteinuria (28.3% vs. 30.2%), and eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73 m² (40.1% vs. 46.9%) were similar. Kidney abnormalities were not associated with regimen, supporting the need for longitudinal studies to clarify progression risk.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13459296/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148194304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Giant condyloma acuminatum in a patient with HIV infection: a case report.","authors":"Chuanna Wang, Tianping Wang, Luhua Gao, Ye Zhang, Yushen Liu, Guozhan Jia, Zhuowei Zhao, Jing Li, Wen Kang","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00889-y","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00889-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Giant condyloma acuminatum (GCA), also known as Buschke-Löwenstein tumor, is a rare tumor-like lesion associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Although it is histologically benign, it behaves in a locally aggressive manner. GCA most commonly involves the external genitalia, perianal region, perineum, and rectum. It occurs more frequently in immunocompromised individuals, particularly those with advanced or suboptimally controlled human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Here, we report a case of perianal GCA in an HIV-infected patient and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges encountered, with the aim of informing clinical management of this disease.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>We describe a 24-year-old man with a 7-year history of HIV infection who had suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Over the past 3 years, he developed a gradually enlarging perianal mass with intermittent bleeding and purulent discharge. Over a 6-month period, he presented with progressive fatigue and exertional dyspnea. Laboratory evaluation revealed severe anemia and hypoproteinemia. The diagnosis of GCA was established by histopathological examination of the perianal lesion, supported by imaging findings and clinical manifestations, and assessed for disease extent. He underwent wide local excision of the mass and received optimized antiretroviral therapy, culture-guided antimicrobial therapy, and supportive care. He experienced marked clinical improvement postoperatively. At 3-month follow-up, the wound had completely healed, anal sphincter function was preserved, and there was no evidence of recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This case illustrates a rare but clinically significant manifestation of HPV-related disease in the context of HIV-associated immunosuppression. GCA should be considered in the differential diagnosis for HIV-positive patients presenting with extensive anogenital masses. Early histopathological confirmation and multidisciplinary management facilitate timely diagnosis and intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520450/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148148015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy transition on body mass index in adolescents living with HIV: secondary analysis of data from the ANRS 12225 Pediacam III cohort in Cameroon.","authors":"Thierry Serge Joël Noumsi, Arsène Brunelle Sandie, Francis Ateba Ndongo, Suzie Tetang Ndiang, Georgette Guemkam, Verlaine Bolyse Mbouchong, Mireille Fossi, Ida Calixte Penda, Jules Brice Tchatchueng Mbougua, Albert Faye, Josiane Warszawski, Mathurin Cyrille Tejiokem","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00888-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00888-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dolutegravir (DTG) is widely used in people living with HIV, but its potential association with weight gain remains insufficiently documented in adolescents. This study assessed the effect of transitioning to a DTG-based regimen on body mass index (BMI) in adolescents living with HIV (ALHIV) in Cameroon.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data prospectively collected between 2020 and 2024 from the ANRS 12,225-Pediacam III cohort were retrospectively analyzed. The analysis included 105 ALHIV who switched to DTG (HI-DTG), 18 ALHIV who did not (HI-nDTG), and 180 HIV-uninfected adolescents born to HIV-positive mothers (HEU, n = 79) or to HIV-negative mothers (HUU, n = 101). Body mass index (BMI) trajectories and levels were compared across groups using linear mixed-effects models, as well as before and after the DTG transition within the HI-DTG group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The median age was 11.5 years (IQR:11.0-12.5), which significant differences between groups. Overall, 51.6% were female. The median follow-up on DTG was 2.6 years (IQR:2.0-3.2). BMI trajectories differed across groups (p = 0.045) after adjustment for sex, age, baseline BMI z-score, household income, and interaction terms. Compared with HI-nDTG as the reference group, the HI-DTG group showed a modest but significant greater annual increase in BMI (0.32 kg/m²/year; 95% CI: 0.03-0.62; p = 0.03), with no differences observed for HEU or HUU. Baseline BMI z-score, household income, and female sex were more strongly associated with BMI over time than DTG use. Within the HI-DTG group, a mean annual increase of 0.19 kg/m²/year was observed after switching to DTG.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Switching to DTG was associated with an increase in BMI among ALHIV. These findings underscore the need for close metabolic monitoring to prevent long-term cardiometabolic complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386851/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148025582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining facilitators, barriers, and social support in PrEP uptake and utilization for young African women: implications for HIV prevention.","authors":"Ndidiamaka Amutah-Onukagha, Yoann Sophie Antoine Jean-Felix, Nomhle Khoza, Audrey E Pettifor","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00887-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00887-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in sub-Saharan Africa experience disproportionately high HIV incidence, making pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) a critical prevention strategy. While perceived HIV risk is known to influence PrEP initiation and continuation, the role of social support in shaping PrEP use among AGYW remains insufficiently understood.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study presents a secondary analysis of qualitative interview data collected as part of HPTN 082, an open-label PrEP trial conducted between 2016 and 2018 in Harare, Zimbabwe, and Cape Town and Johannesburg, South Africa. Participants were offered daily oral PrEP (tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine). Sixty-seven AGYW aged 16-24 were purposively sampled from the parent cohort of 426 participants, all of whom were identified as being at high risk for HIV using an empiric risk score. Participants completed in-depth interviews at 13 and/or 26 weeks following study enrollment and PrEP initiation. Interviews explored motivations for PrEP use, experiences of adherence, and social influences. Analysts conducted thematic analysis to examine how social support and perceived HIV risk shaped PrEP initiation, adherence, and discontinuation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three interconnected themes emerged: (1) multidimensional social support influencing PrEP adherence, (2) stigma, privacy constraints, and constrained adherence, and (3) perceived HIV risk as a key motivator for PrEP initiation and continuation. Emotional, instrumental, informational, and normative forms of support facilitated adherence in some contexts, while stigma, anticipated judgment, and limited privacy within households led to concealment, missed doses, and discontinuation in others. Perceived HIV risk, particularly related to partner infidelity or uncertainty, motivated PrEP initiation and persistence despite social barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Social support operates as a dynamic, double-edged influence on PrEP use among AGYW, simultaneously enabling and constraining adherence, depending on relational and structural contexts. Interventions that integrate stigma reduction, household- and community-level education, and strategies supporting autonomy and disclosure decision-making may improve sustained PrEP use. Addressing both social dynamics and risk perception remains critical to strengthening HIV prevention efforts.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13386795/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147969672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viral suppression status and associated factors among key populations on ART in Western Oromia, Ethiopia: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Kenate Bekele, Endalu Tesfaye Guteta, Abdi Diriba, Gadisa Chewaka, Demeke Jabessa, Daniel Amsalu","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00892-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00892-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral suppression, the key goal of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for improving health and preventing transmission, remains understudied among key populations (KPs) in Ethiopia. This study assessed viral suppression and associated factors among KPs on ART in Oromia, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted among KPs in the study area using patient charts (n = 360). Twelve-month post-ART viral load results were extracted. Data were entered into Epi Data 4.6 and analyzed using SPSS. Logistic regression identified associations, with significance set at p-value ≤ 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for adjusted odds ratios (AORs).</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>The study included 360 participants, including female sex workers (FSWs) 347 (96.4%) and 13 (3.6%) prisoners. Most participants, 164 (45.6%) were aged 25-34, and 320 (88.9%) achieved viral suppression. Being in WHO clinical stage I (AOR = 3.34; 95% CI: 1.35-8.24), being on ART for < 3 years (AOR = 9.25; 95% CI: 3.71-23.03), and having good adherence (AOR = 13.62; 95% CI: 5.85-31.74) were significant determinants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>The rate of viral suppression among KPs on ART in Western Oromia, Ethiopia was below the UNAIDS 95% target. Early WHO clinical stage I, shorter ART duration, and good adherence were significant determinants of suppression.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13255430/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147866354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and characteristics of candidemia in hospitalised patients with advanced HIV in the Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) hospital in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC).","authors":"Chadrack Walo, Patrick Kisaka, Jean-Claude Mikobi Maleshila, Ghislain Mwenemboka, Fidèle Kutomisa, Ridi Fuka, Nadine Ntabugi, Judith Mulanga, Augustin Nzembomba, Astan Dicko, Alain Tshimungu, Charles Kasenda, Gisèle Mucinya, Fabiola Gordillo Gomez, Rosie Burton, Pilar Garcia-Vello, Agnese Comelli","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00890-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00890-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Candidemia is an underrecognised complication among patients with advanced HIV disease (AHD), particularly in low‑resource settings. We conducted a retrospective study at an MSF-supported hospital in Kinshasa (2022-2025) to describe the incidence, characteristics, and outcomes of candidemia. Among 3974 AHD admissions, 46 candidemia cases (1.2%) were identified, more than 80% of which were healthcare‑associated. Mortality was high (76.1%) and many deaths occurred before microbiological confirmation. Classical risk factors, such as indwelling catheters and parenteral nutrition, were uncommon, suggesting alternative pathogenic mechanisms. Findings highlight the need for improved diagnostics and access to antifungal susceptibility testing.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13359897/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147832326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence and viremia of hepatitis C virus among HIV-infected patients on ART with unsuppressed HIV viral load in Ethiopia.","authors":"Desta Ayana, Gadissa Gutema, Atsbeha Gebreegziabxier, Hana Mekonnen Shewangizaw, Tolewak Sura, Gebremedhin Gebremicael, Dereje Leta, Getachew Tollera, Regasa Diriba, Kassu Desta Tulu, John F Dillon","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00884-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00884-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) share common transmission routes, resulting in a significant burden of co-infection. This study assessed the seroprevalence and viremia of HCV among people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART with unsuppressed viral load in Ethiopia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted between June 2022 and February 2023 among 900 PLWH with unsuppressed viral loads. Plasma samples were screened for HCV antibodies by ELISA, and positives were confirmed for HCV RNA using the Abbott m2000sp/rt PCR system. Data were analyzed using SPSS V 26, applying chi-square tests and logistic regression to assess associations. RESULTS: Among 900 participants, 59.3% were females. Overall HCV seroprevalence was 5.4%, with higher rates among females (5.8%) and those aged 40–49 years. Active HCV viremia was confirmed in 14.3% of ELISA-positive cases (0.8% overall). Non-DTG regimens showed higher HCV co-infection (9.7%) than DTG-based regimens (4.4%, p = 0.062). HCV RNA positivity was more frequent in males and participants with medium HIV viral loads. CONCLUSION: A subset of PLWH with unsuppressed viral load showed evidence of HCV exposure and active infection. The result also indicates the exitance of active co-infection HIV/HCV. The data may also reflect spontaneous clearance of HCV or a high rate of past, resolved infections.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13277263/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From CCU to infectious disease ward: HIV-associated high-grade follicular lymphoma presenting with pulmonary thromboembolism and necrotizing pneumonia.","authors":"Hasti Charousaei, Shahram Sabeti, Nafise Mozafari, Azita Bathaie, Negin Shahibi, Houra Yeganegi, Hamed Azhdari, Ilad Alavi Darazam","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00880-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00880-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is linked to a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and lymphoproliferative disorders. The simultaneous occurrence of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), necrotizing pneumonia, and a newly diagnosed HIV-associated lymphoma is rare and presents diagnostic challenges. CASE PRESENTATION: A 47-year-old male patient presented to the emergency department with acute chest pain and a brief episode of transient loss of consciousness. He also reported persistent lower back pain radiating to both knees and a 2-month history of progressive fatigue. Computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography demonstrated bilateral PTE with evidence of right ventricular strain. Systemic thrombolytic therapy was administered, followed by therapeutic anticoagulation. Subsequent chest CT imaging revealed necrotizing pneumonia with associated pleural empyema; hence, broad-spectrum IV antibiotics were promptly initiated. Further diagnostic evaluation identified necrotic paraaortic lymphadenopathy causing compression of the inferior vena cava with associated thrombosis. An excisional lymph node biopsy was performed after a non-diagnostic needle biopsy. Histopathological and immunohistochemical (IHC) analyses ultimately confirmed an unusual variant of Grade 3A follicular lymphoma. During further evaluation, the patient was also diagnosed with HIV infection, prompting the initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (ART). In addition, an appropriate systemic chemotherapy regimen tailored to high-grade B-cell lymphoma was commenced. The patient was managed with close monitoring for treatment response and potential complications. CONCLUSION: This case emphasizes the complex prothrombotic state seen in HIV infection and the unusual presentation of HIV-associated lymphoma. Recognizing underlying immunodeficiency early is crucial for patients who present with unexplained thrombosis and necrotic lymphadenopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13273942/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147759681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}