AIDS Research and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and determinants of anemia among people living with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities in Jigjiga, Ethiopia.","authors":"Jamaal Ibrahim, Sahardiid Abdilahi, Mohamed Osman","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00912-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00912-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Anemia is a significant concern for people with HIV worldwide, as it is associated with reduced life expectancy, fatigue, weakness, reduced physical functioning, psychological distress such as depression and anxiety, and poorer quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and identify factors associated with anemia among people with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy at public health institutions in Jigjiga, Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods and materials: </strong>An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from July 11 to August 12, 2023, involving 392 people with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy in Jigjiga, Ethiopia. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and hemoglobin measurements, then coded and entered in EpiData version 3.1. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20, with multivariate logistic regression used to identify factors associated with anemia. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The overall prevalence of anemia in the study population was 39% (95% CI: 34.3-44.2). Among those with anemia, 0.6% had severe anemia, 33.5% had moderate anemia, and 4.9% had mild anemia. Female sex, presence of opportunistic infections, and low dietary diversity scores were significantly linked to anemia in multivariate analysis (p < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Anemia was identified as a moderate public health problem among people with HIV receiving ART at the study sites. The findings highlight the importance of providing targeted support to women and ensuring timely diagnosis and treatment of opportunistic infections to reduce the severity and impact of anemia. Furthermore, patients with poor dietary diversity should be offered nutritional counselling to enhance their health outcomes.</p><p><strong>Significance for public health: </strong>Anemia continues to pose a substantial public health burden among people living with HIV/AIDS, particularly in low-resource settings. This study provides context-specific evidence from Jigjiga, a region with limited existing data, helping to fill a critical knowledge gap. The results offer valuable insights for healthcare providers and policymakers to design targeted interventions, improve anemia screening and management, and enhance the quality of life for People with HIV on ART.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148325342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncharted stigma: a descriptive report exploring HIV- and cancer-related stigma among cancer survivors living with HIV.","authors":"Gaole Song, Sharon Soyer, Jonathan Edwards, Tessa Galindo, Selena Todd, Gregory Boyce, Virginia Savage, Jeffrey Edwards, Kimlin Ashing","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00902-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00902-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Caribbean countries are among the most heavily burdened by both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cancer, with prevalent stigmatization of both illnesses. This novel pilot study responds to the need to examine and understand both cancer- and HIV-related stigma among cancer survivors living with HIV (CSLWH).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Data were collected via quantitative surveys and administered in person in Trinidad and Tobago. The survey used in this pilot study included an HIV stigma scale and a cancer stigma scale. Descriptive analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 29.0.0.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>For most stigma items, HIV stigma is higher than cancer stigma, especially for personal and relational self-stigma: 95% vs 28% of participants reported that they feel telling someone is risky for their HIV status and cancer status, respectively. HIV-related societal/community stigma is also higher than cancer-related stigma: 87% of participants reported that they feel most people believe a person who has HIV is dirty, vs 18% reported the same stigma for cancer. Most CSLWH believed HIV is more stigmatized than cancer by the community/society (90.6% vs 9.4%) and family/friends (93.8% vs 6.3%). However, cancer-related stigma exists in health outcome beliefs: 57% of CSLWH believed that once having cancer, a person will never be 'normal' again, while 45% of CSLWH felt the same for HIV.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our preliminary findings suggest greater HIV-related personal and relational self-stigma and societal/community stigma compared to cancer-related stigma among CSLWH. However, more cancer-related health outcome beliefs are stigmatizing compared to HIV-related stigma among CSLWH.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13584375/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148337238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antinuclear antibody (ANA) screening based on EULAR/ACR 2019 clinical domain criteria among PLHIV and profile of diagnosed HIV-SLE cases.","authors":"Jaya Chakravarty, Manaswi Chaubey, Amartya Seth, Thakur Shubh Narayan Rai, Aditya Debuka, Ajay Gupta, P Raviteja Naidu","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00903-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00903-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is rare, with limited prevalence data. We performed symptom-directed antinuclear antibody (ANA) screening in 129 PLHIV, followed by extractable nuclear antigen testing in ANA-positive individuals. SLE was diagnosed using the 2019 ACR-EULAR criteria. ANA positivity was seen in 54 patients, while anti-dsDNA antibodies were detected in four, all diagnosed with SLE. Three patients were male, with polyarthritis as the most common presentation, followed by proteinuria. Sjögren syndrome, dermatomyositis, and primary systemic sclerosis were identified in one patient each. A literature review identified 165 reported cases of HIV-associated SLE, 93 reported between 2014 and 2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560145/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148306757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"National prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus among long-distance truck drivers in Mali: cross-sectional study.","authors":"Nouhoum Telly, Abou Sogodogo, Sory Traoré, Madina Konaté, Mamadou Diop, Mahamane Maiga, Shahul Ebrahim, Boubacar M Dembélé, Mariam Berthé, Mariame T Traoré, Ibrahim T Diallo, Birama A Ly, Oumar Sangho, Hamadoun Sangho, Seydou Doumbia","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00906-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00906-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Longue-distance trucks drivers are a population at increased risk of HIV infection compared with the general population. This study aimed to estimate the national prevalence of HIV and identify factors associated with infection among longue-distance trucks drivers in Mali. We conducted a cross-sectional bio-behavioral survey using Time-Location Sampling (TLS) between July 2019 and February 2020. Eligible participants were truck drivers aged ≥ 18 years who regularly undertook long-distance trips (at least 200 km one way). Following pre-test counseling, HIV testing was performed according to national testing algorithm, using Determine as the screening test and SD Bioline for confirmation. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants. A total of 1,100 participants were included in the study. Most participants were aged ≥ 20 years (91.5%), 63.5% had received formal education, and 57.2% were married. Risk behaviors were common: 37.7% reported having multiple sexual partners, 23.5% reported drug use before sexual intercourse, 44.6% reported condom use during their last sexual intercourse, and 51.8% reported spending more than one month away from home. Although 78.8% recognized condoms use a protective measure against HIV infection, preventive practices remained inconsistent. The national HIV prevalence was 1.9%. Higher prevalence estimates were observed in the regions of Ségou (2.7%), Sikasso (2.6%), and Koulikoro region (2%). In bivariate analyses, HIV infection was significantly associated with older age (median 38 vs. 31 years; p = 0.002), marital status (p = 0.002), education level (p = 0.015), and longer work experience (p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, no factors remained statistical significance. However, longer work experience (> 5 years) was associated with higher odds of HIV infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 3.68; 95% CI: 0.93-21.27), whereas formal education appeared to have a protective effect (aOR = 0.54; 95% CI: 0.21-1.29). HIV prevalence among long-distance truck drivers in Mali remains higher than reported in the general population, alongside persistent high-risk behaviors and regional disparities. Targeted, context-specific preventive measures are urgently needed to reduce new infections in this highly mobile and vulnerable population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560446/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148293059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinants of virologic failure among adult HIV patients on first-line antiretroviral therapy in health facilities of Awi Zone, northwest Ethiopia: a case-control study.","authors":"Daniel Mulat Eshetu, Mikias Getahun Molla, Abebe Yeshambel, Habtamu Getahun Molla, Mulatu Kassahun","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00904-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00904-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Viral load is the most reliable indicator of antiretroviral therapy response and treatment failure. In Ethiopia, virologic failure remains a major challenge despite expanded ART coverage.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To identify determinants of virologic failure among adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in health facilities of Awi Zone, Northwest Ethiopia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institution-based unmatched case-control study with a 1:2 ratio was conducted among 369 participants (123 cases and 246 controls). Cases were HIV-infected clients aged ≥ 15 years with virologic failure (viral load > 1000 copies/mL on two consecutive tests after adherence support) between 30 October 2020 and 30 December 2024. Controls were HIV-infected clients aged ≥ 15 years on first-line ART with viral load ≤ 1000 copies/mL on two consecutive tests after ≥ 6 months of treatment during the study period. Participants were selected using computer-generated simple random sampling from selected facilities. Bivariable and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent determinants of virologic failure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Multivariable analysis identified non-disclosure of HIV status (AOR = 2.24, 95% CI: 1.11-5.22), viral load after ART initiation > 1000 copies/mL (AOR = 5.32, 95% CI: 3.32-7.15), poor treatment adherence (AOR = 5.64, 95% CI: 2.01-7.32), treatment interruption (AOR = 6.45, 95% CI: 3.95-14.01), being single (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI: 1.54-5.32), and CD4 count < 200 cells/mm³ (AOR = 4.90, 95% CI: 2.40-8.25) as significant determinants of virologic failure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Strengthening adherence support, retention in care, and disclosure counseling is essential to reduce virologic failure.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13523328/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148275608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What shapes the quality of life among older persons living with HIV? A multidimensional assessment from The Aids Support Organisation clinics in Uganda.","authors":"Christine Atuhairwe, Hillary Muhanguzi, Titus Ochieng","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00896-z","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00896-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Quality of Life (QoL) Composite Index provides a multidimensional, person-centred measure integrating functioning, symptom burden, general health perception, psychological, social, and living environmental, offering a critical metric for assessing successful ageing with HIV. However, evidence on the determinants of this composite measure among older persons living with HIV (OPLHIV) in Uganda remains limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To estimate the Quality-of-Life Composite Index and identify its key determinants among OPLHIV receiving care from The AIDS Support Organisation (TASO) in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted among OPLHIV aged ≥ 50 years attending TASO clinics across Uganda. The primary outcome was the QoL Composite Index (range: 0-1), derived from a validated multidimensional instrument capturing functioning, symptom burden, general health perception, and living environment. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Multivariable associations were assessed using a Beta regression with log link. Conversely, a random forest regression as a machine learning model was run to reveal the important variables shaping the QoL as assessed through the Index.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 439 participants, the median QoL Composite Index was 0.51 (IQR: 0.41-0.61). After model regularization, two socioeconomic factors were independently associated with a higher QoL Composite Index: attainment of tertiary/university education (β = 0.226, 95% CI 0.105-0.346, p < 0.001) and being employed (β = 0.078, 95% CI 0.018-0.138, p = 0.011). The presence of a non-communicable disease (co-morbidity) was strongly associated with a lower QoL Composite Index. HIV-specific clinical indicators-including age, duration of HIV infection, viral load, and ART adherence-were not independently associated with the composite measure.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The QoL Composite Index effectively elucidates the multidimensional phenomenon of well-being among older Ugandans living with HIV and demonstrates that this is shaped predominantly by socioeconomic conditions and multi-morbidity rather than HIV-specific clinical markers. Improving the quality of life in later life with HIV therefore requires care models that extend beyond viral suppression to address socioeconomic security and integrated geriatric health needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148248754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multilevel factors associated with virological suppression among adolescents and young people with prior non-suppression receiving intensive adherence counselling in East-Central Uganda.","authors":"David Livingstone Ejalu, Juliana Namutundu, Sean Steven Puleh, Acen Joy, Ziadah Nankinga, Stella Immaculate Akech, Joanita Nangendo, Sabrina Bakeera-Kitaka, Achilles Katamba, Anne R Katahoire, Joan Kalyango, Adithya Cattamanchi, Fred C Semitala, Moses R Kamya","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00901-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00901-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescents and young people living with HIV continue to experience disproportionately high rates of virological non-suppression despite scale-up of enhanced adherence interventions such as Intensive Adherence Counselling (IAC). While prior research has quantified post-IAC suppression outcomes, there remains limited empirical evidence regarding the multilevel factors that shape virological response in this population. This study investigated multilevel factors associated with viral load suppression among adolescents and young people (AYP) with prior non-suppression who were enrolled in IAC in East-Central Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A facility-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using routinely collected programmatic data from 580 AYP aged 10-24 years with documented unsuppressed viral load who were enrolled in IAC across 32 health facilities. Eligible participants had a repeat viral load measurement following completion of the adherence intervention. Multivariable analysis was performed using modified Poisson regression with robust variance estimation to determine factors independently associated with virological suppression, accounting for clustering at the facility level. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals were reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study population had a median age of 16.4 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 12.9-21.2), with females comprising 62.8% of participants. Overall, over half of the cohort achieved virological suppression following the intervention. Engagement in peer-led support was associated with a higher likelihood of suppression (aPR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.36-2.15), as was prior disclosure of HIV status (aPR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.02-2.11). Conversely, participants enrolled in differentiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) delivery models based on community drug distribution prior to IAC had lower suppression compared to those managed through facility-based individualized care (aPR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.35-0.74).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Virological outcomes among AYP receiving enhanced adherence support are shaped by a combination of individual and service delivery factors. Interventions that strengthen peer engagement and facilitate safe disclosure, alongside careful alignment of differentiated service delivery models with adherence needs, may improve treatment outcomes in this high-risk population.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148248817","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Herpes zoster as a missed opportunity for HIV diagnosis: a real-world analysis of testing practices.","authors":"Ramazan Korkusuz, Esin Çevik, Alper Gündüz, Mehmet Onur Gökalp, Meliha Meriç Koç, Özlem Altuntaş Aydın","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00900-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00900-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Herpes zoster (HZ) is a recognized HIV indicator condition, and international guidelines recommend routine HIV testing in such cases. We aimed to evaluate HIV testing rates, HIV positivity, missed diagnostic opportunities, and the HIV late diagnosis rate among adults diagnosed with HZ.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cohort study included adult patients (≥ 18 years) diagnosed with HZ between January 2022 and December 2024, at a tertiary referral center. Patients with a prior diagnosis of HIV infection were excluded. The study recorded demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as HIV testing status. HIV positivity rates among patients who underwent HIV testing were evaluated, alongside the rate of subsequent HIV diagnoses in patients who were initially not tested.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 2,446 patients with HZ were included. HIV testing was requested in 19.5% of patients at the time of HZ diagnosis. Among those tested, HIV positivity was 1.68%. Among patients not tested at baseline, 0.41% were subsequently diagnosed with HIV. The ARD between tested and non-tested groups was 1.26%. IPW analysis estimated an overall HIV prevalence of 1.78%, corresponding to approximately 44 expected cases; however, only 8 were diagnosed at initial presentation, indicating that a substantial proportion of HIV infections may not have been identified at the first clinical encounter.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Herpes zoster represents a significant missed opportunity for early HIV diagnosis. The low HIV testing rates and selective testing practices may contribute to late HIV diagnosis and missed opportunities for timely linkage to care. These findings support routine indicator condition-guided HIV testing to improve early detection and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13520366/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148222503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined eGFR-CD4 index and mortality risk among people with HIV: a retrospective cohort study in Taizhou city, Zhejiang province, China.","authors":"Congcong Guo, Xinxin Xing, Qiguo Meng, Shanling Wang, Yali Xie, Tailin Chen, Jiyuan Ren, Xiaoxiao Chen, Haijiang Lin","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00894-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00894-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Mortality among people with HIV (PWH) increasingly reflects both HIV-related and non-HIV-related causes. Whether a simple index integrating routinely measured kidney and immune function can improve risk stratification remains uncertain.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China using the China HIV/AIDS Comprehensive Response Information Management System linked to a cause-of-death surveillance system. Adults aged ≥ 18 years diagnosed with HIV between 1998 and 2024 who had at least one paired serum creatinine and CD4 measurement were followed through 31 December 2024. Time-updated estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), CD4, and a combined eGFR-CD4 index (CBI) were analysed using time-dependent Cox models. Restricted cubic splines assessed non-linearity, and 12-month landmark analyses with time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated discrimination. Bootstrap internal validation was performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 3683 PWH (median follow-up 5.61 years), 434 deaths occurred, including 67 HIV-related and 367 non-HIV-related deaths. Each 1-SD increase in CBI was associated with higher risks of all-cause, HIV-related, and non-HIV-related mortality, with adjusted hazard ratios of 4.12 (95% CI: 2.76-6.15), 37.86 (95% CI: 9.03-158.80), and 3.30 (95% CI: 2.20-4.93), respectively (all P < 0.001). Landmark analyses showed graded risk separation across CBI quartiles. After bootstrap internal validation, the combined model showed modestly higher discrimination for all-cause and non-HIV-related mortality, whereas CD4 alone performed best for HIV-related mortality.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>A time-varying combined eGFR-CD4 index was associated with mortality outcomes in this cohort of PWH in Taizhou, Zhejiang, China. Its discriminatory advantage after internal validation was modest and was evident for all-cause and non-HIV-related, but not HIV-related, mortality. External validation is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13471255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interruption in treatment and its risk factors among adults living with HIV in Uganda: a cross-sectional study.","authors":"Saadick Mugerwa Ssentongo, William Okello, Hamidah Kakooza Mulungi, Peter Sekiranda, Christine Ninsiima, Bonniface Oryokot","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00898-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00898-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Interruption in treatment (IIT) and its risk factors in Katakwi District, Uganda.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional study was conducted in three antiretroviral therapy clinics. Poisson generalized estimating equations were used to identify factors associated with interruption in treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IIT was high at 68.2% and was associated with being aged 25-49, lacking social support from family and friends, being on ART for 0-1 years, and having a non-suppressed viral load. However, lower IIT rates were observed among those living within 5 km of the facility.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There is a need to strengthen client-tracking systems and client-adherence literacy to reduce this IIT.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13463653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148196483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}