AIDS Research and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Resuscitation of a patient with progressive AIDS-related opportunistic infections complicated by MODS through multidisciplinary collaboration: case report.","authors":"Shaowei Huang, Xiaofeng Wei","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00879-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-026-00879-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147615472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief communication: observations of falsely reactive antigen/antibody HIV screening results in an emergency department setting.","authors":"Heather Hare, Emily Holbrook, Megan Sarmento, Rebecca Haber, Heather Henderson, Bernice McCoy, Samantha Reale, Angela Lauster, Jason Wilson","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00876-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00876-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047761/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147580390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical characteristics and diagnostic challenges of otosyphilis in patients with HIV coinfection: a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Aslı Haykır Solay, Sümeyra Doluoğlu, Dilek Bulut, Ali Bahadır Polat, Semanur Kuzi, Nesibe Korkmaz, Gönül Çiçek Şentürk","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00874-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00874-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The global incidence of syphilis has been rising, and atypical clinical presentations are increasingly recognized. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-induced immune changes can alter syphilis progression and complicate diagnosis. Otosyphilis is a rare but potentially reversible cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). This study investigates otologic involvement in patients co-infected with syphilis and HIV.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Medical records of patients diagnosed with both syphilis and HIV infection at Etlik City Hospital between January 2023 and June 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. Adults aged ≥ 18 years with audiometry-confirmed SNHL were included. Other causes of hearing loss were excluded. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and treatment data were collected and analyzed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 591 patients diagnosed with syphilis, 152 were HIV-positive, and five met inclusion criteria. Four had newly diagnosed HIV infection. None reported hearing loss spontaneously; symptoms were identified through systematic questioning or physical examination. Serologic profiles varied: three showed combined TPHA and VDRL positivity, one had isolated TPHA positivity, and one had isolated VDRL positivity. Lumbar puncture (LP) in four patients revealed abnormalities in two, including one with cerebrospinal fluid VDRL positivity. One patient who declined LP had magnetic resonance imaging findings compatible with neurosyphilis. All patients received intravenous penicillin G and progressively tapered prednisone treatment for 14 days, and clinically significant hearing improvement was observed in all cases; four of them were documented with audiometric measurements.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Otosyphilis should be considered in individuals with HIV infection presenting with auditory symptoms, and syphilis testing should be performed in unexplained SNHL. Early recognition and appropriate treatment are critical to preventing irreversible hearing loss.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13147638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147525253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"High adherence to oral daily PrEP in a real-world implementation project in Kenya: a brief communication.","authors":"Ivan Segawa, Linxuan Wu, Josephine Odoyo, Margaret Mwangi, Jennifer F Morton, Elizabeth Irungu, Kenneth Ngure, Nelly R Mugo, Elizabeth Bukusi, Kenneth K Mugwanya","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00875-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00875-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Objective biomarkers of oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), such as tenofovir diphosphate (TFV-DP) in dried blood spots (DBS), remain critical for interpreting PrEP adherence. We tested 195 DBS randomly collected from 168 of 4,955 PrEP clients returning for refills at 25 public HIV clinics in Kenya. DBS were extracted using the 50:50 methanol: water method, and drug concentrations quantified using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Optimal adherence was defined as ≥ 900 fmol/punch, corresponding to ≥ 4 doses/week. TFV-DP was detectable in 96% (188/195) of samples; 71% (138/195) had optimal adherence, higher among older clients and men. Optimal adherence is achievable in real-world PrEP programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13137526/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147508681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cumulative effect of cotrimoxazole, isoniazid and opportunistic infection prophylaxis on CD4 response among people living with HIV on first-line ART in Ari Zone, Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Sitotaw Ahmed, Tegenu Tento, Nurhussen Ahmed","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00873-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00873-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Prophylactic medications are commonly used to prevent tuberculosis and opportunistic infections in people living with HIV (PLWH) who are on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, their cumulative influence on cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) responses is still a subject of ongoing investigation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective chart review was conducted utilizing secondary data derived from medical records of 500 people living with HIV (≥ 15 years) who initiated first-line ART at Jinka General Hospital in Ari Zone, South Ethiopia, between September 2019 and January 2025. CD4 response was defined as an increase of ≥ 50 cells/µL from baseline to the most recent measurement. The most recent CD4 measurement taken up to January 2025 was used for analysis. The primary outcome measure was a binary variable for CD4 response, defined as an increase of ≥ 50 cells/µL from baseline to end-line counts. Multivariable binary logistic regression was used to assess independent and interaction effects of prophylactic therapies on CD4 response.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 500 participants, 50.2% demonstrated an improvement in CD4 count. Use of cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT), isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), and opportunistic infection (OI) medications was each independently associated with higher odds of CD4 improvement. However, interaction analysis showed that the CPT-OI combination and the triple CPT-IPT-OI regimen showed a statistically significant interaction suggesting a possible synergistic association with CD4 recovery beyond their individual additive effects. Predicted probabilities of CD4 improvement increased progressively with dual and triple prophylactic combinations compared with no prophylaxis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The combined use of prophylactic medications was significantly associated with CD4 recovery in people living with HIV on first-line ART. These findings emphasize the importance of integrated preventative strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings, and highlight the need for adherence support among individuals with limited formal education and those living in rural areas. The study's generalizability is limited, however, due to its single-center retrospective design and the use of a broad category for \"OI prophylaxis\" without specifying individual drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13130529/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147502868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma as a barrier to HIV care: a single center study in Egypt.","authors":"Mona Magdy, Adel Zaki, Sherif Omar Osman, Ekram W Abd El-Wahab, Asmaa Abd Elhameed","doi":"10.1186/s12981-025-00834-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-025-00834-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stigma entails labeling individuals and associating them with negative stereotypes, often resulting in social isolation, discrimination, and loss of social status. In the context of HIV/AIDS, stigma remains a significant barrier to effective prevention, treatment, and care. This study aimed to assess the level of HIV-related stigma among people living with HIV (PLWH) in an HIV cure center at Alexandria Fever Hospital, serving cities in northern Egypt. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 785 PLWH attending the HIV unit at Alexandria Fever Hospital. Data was collected through structured interviews using a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Arabic-translated, 12-item short version of the HIV Stigma Scale, which demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.743). Results revealed that 72.4% of participants experienced high levels of stigma, indicated by a total stigma score greater than 30. Male participants reported significantly higher stigma scores than females (60.8% vs. 23.0%, respectively, with a median score of 33 or higher). Stigma scores were also associated with residence within Alexandria city (p < 0.05) but showed no association with educational level. In conclusion, PLWH in Alexandria face a high burden of stigma, particularly among men. These findings underscore the need for targeted psychosocial and community-based interventions to reduce stigma and support affected individuals.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13047755/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147497313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-conflict prescription patterns and virological effectiveness of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in HIV-1 patients in Tigray, Ethiopia.","authors":"Gebrecherkos Teame Gebrehiwot, Gebreselema Gebreyohannes, Mulugeta Tilahun, Ataklti Gessese, Mebrahatom Gebrelibanos, Goyitom Gebremedhn, Kibriti Mehari Kidane, Haileselassie Bisrat Bidre, Goitom Yisfa, Mebrahtu Kalayou, Kebede Araya, Etsay Weldekidan Tsegay, Yemane Tadesse Desta, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin Shfare, Hayelom Kahsay","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00871-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00871-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13122857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Case report: thoracic syphilitic gumma masquerading as a malignant tumor in a patient with AIDS.","authors":"Jiesi Luo, Wei Guo, Shi Zou, Yuting Tan, Jie Liu, Shihui Song, Hongzhi Yang, Ke Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00868-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00868-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Syphilis, a systemic infection caused by Treponema pallidum, can present with atypical and severe manifestations in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), posing significant diagnostic challenges. We report the case of a patient with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who presented with a chest wall mass. Imaging findings were initially suggestive of a malignancy. However, subsequent evaluation, guided by positive serum syphilis antibodies despite non-specific inflammatory changes on histology and a negative metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) result, led to the diagnosis of a syphilitic gumma, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. The lesion entirely resolved following penicillin therapy. This case highlights a critical clinical insight: syphilis must be considered in the differential diagnosis of mass lesions in immunocompromised hosts, and immunohistochemical staining is imperative for definitive diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13107751/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147472219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Australian medical students' attitudes towards HIV and PWH.","authors":"Anisha Ling Suriar, Mihiri Weerasuria, Ian J Woolley","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00872-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00872-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-term patient outcomes for people with HIV (PWH) are largely dependent upon provision of quality healthcare. Bias or misinformation influencing care may be present before healthcare workers begin formal training. There are no known studies profiling attitudes of Australian medical students towards PWH. This descriptive study gauged medical students' opinions regarding PWH and their understanding of HIV/AIDS and its transmission.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A REDCap-based self-administered survey was disseminated to undergraduate and postgraduate Monash University medical students over a 7-week period. The survey closed in March 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of an estimated 1900 enrolled students, we received 136 responses. Of those, 54 identified as male, 81 identified as female, and 1 identified as another gender. The median age was 21 years (range 17-31). There were 48 (35.3%) preclinical and 88 (64.7%) clinical year students. Most preclinical (87.5%) and clinical year (67.0%) students had at least one inaccuracy in their HIV/AIDS knowledge. The majority (107/136, 78.7%) had inaccurate knowledge about HIV transmission. Only 6.8% clinical year students were confident in their ability to counsel a PWH on all relevant aspects of management. Insufficient education was cited by 41.2% of students and 88% felt that further education regarding HIV/AIDS would be beneficial. HIV/AIDS knowledge improved as students progressed through medical school. Bias against PWH was rare.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While bias against PWH was low, this highlighted a crucial gap in students' knowledge and confidence regarding HIV management. These findings underscore a critical need for targeted HIV/AIDS education and training to ensure sustained delivery of quality HIV care.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13104418/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147455163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Near-full-length genomic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of an HIV-1 CRF02_AG/G second-generation recombinant in Ningxia, China.","authors":"Subinuer Mutalifu, ZiYang Luo, YouPing Duan, YuFeng Li, XiaoHong Zhu, JianXin Pei, DongZhi Yang, ZhongLan Wu","doi":"10.1186/s12981-026-00858-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-026-00858-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13063434/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147455110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}