AIDS Research and Therapy最新文献

{"title":"Brief communication: The extent and determinants of viral suppression among patients on protease inhibitor-based Anti-retro-viral therapy undergoing intensive adherence counselling in a public HIV care center in Uganda.","authors":"Zubair Lukyamuzi, Hood Ibanda, Joseph Ggita, Denis Mawanda, Brenda M Gati, Rita Nakalega, Ronald Kiguba","doi":"10.1186/s12981-024-00661-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-024-00661-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Protease inhibitor (PI)-based Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) regimens are key drugs in HIV management, especially when used as second line drugs. However, some PI-based ART have high adherence demands or tolerable adverse effects which may affect adherence and subsequently viral suppression. We assessed the extent of viral suppression, its determinants, and the experiences of clients on PI-based ART undergoing intensive adherence counselling (IAC) in a public HIV clinic.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Mixed methods sequential explanatory study involving a quantitative retrospective chart review for clients on PI-based ART who had received IAC from Dec 2016 to May 2023 and qualitative interviews for clients on PI-based ART who had received IAC in the past six months at an urban public HIV clinic in Uganda.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In this study, a total of 189 client charts were included. The median number of IAC sessions received was three (interquartile range, IQR, of 3 to 4) with median time of receiving IAC of three ( IQR, of 2 to 4). One half (51%, 95/186) of the clients had achieved viral suppression and the odds of suppression increased by 30% for every additional month on IAC. Respondents perceived the effectiveness of PI-based ART and IAC in achieving and supporting viral suppression, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite the perceived effectiveness of PI-based ART and IAC, suboptimal levels of viral suppression were observed among clients on PI-based ART who had received IAC. Therefore, it is important to provide IAC for optimal duration as it increases the chances of viral suppression. Further investigation of the barriers of viral suppression for clients on PI-based ART undergoing IAC is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mucosal leishmaniasis of the lips and cheeks: a first concomitant presentation of visceral and mucosal leishmaniasis in a patient living with HIV/AIDS in Monastir, Tunisia.","authors":"Latifa Berrezouga, Ikbel Kooli, Sameh Belgacem, Wafa Marrakchi, Seifeddine Ben Hamouda, Adnene Toumi, Hamouda Babba, Abdelfattah Zakhama, Mohamed Chakroun","doi":"10.1186/s12981-024-00660-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-024-00660-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is the most severe and fatal disease if left untreated. In people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA), VL is considered an emerging opportunistic infection. The aim of this manuscript was to report a first case in Tunisia of a concomitant presentation of visceral and oral leishmaniasis in a patient LHA. A systematic review of the literature was performed according to PRISMA guidelines, as well.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient, a 43-year-old heterosexual man, treated for HIV/AIDS was referred for macrocheilitis of the upper and lower lips. A noticeable nodular and painless swelling extending to the cheeks' mucosa was noted. The patient's poor oral hygiene was evident due to the presence of multiple dental caries. Histological analysis of the biopsied lower lip sample revealed the presence of numerous Leishmania amastigotes. The diagnosis of VL was clinically confirmed by the presence of a mild splenomegaly and pancytopenia and biologically by the identification of the parasite using PCR Lei and the species L. infantum involved using RFLP-PCR and culture. The treatment consisted of an intravenous administration of liposomal Amphotericin B (Ambisome®, 40 mg/kg/weight) for a period of 6 weeks. A favorable outcome was noted after one year with the resolution of clinical symptoms and a negative Leishmania blood PCR test. After 2 years, the patient remained asymptomatic but showed a positive Leishmania blood PCR test. Dolutegravir® was introduced in the patient's ART regimen.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in Tunisia of atypical VL diagnosed through an uncommon oral location in an HIV/AIDS co-infected patient . Since VL is a severe and potentially fatal disease, it is essential for dentists to perform a thorough clinical examination and adopt a multidisciplinary approach in order to ensure an early diagnosis and an effective treatment outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11515565/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brief communication: coagulation profiles of HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Mampong Municipal Hospital, Ashanti-Region, Ghana: a case control study.","authors":"Freddie Boateng Opoku, Akua Koaso Yalley, Nicholas Israel Nii-Trebi, Ekoutiame Ahlin, Abena Asefuaba Yalley, Ransford Kyeremeh","doi":"10.1186/s12981-024-00665-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-024-00665-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to ascertain how the current two ART regimens used in Ghana affected HIV patients' coagulation profiles. A case-control study was conducted on 102 HIV positive patients at the Mampong Municipal Hospital. Coagulation parameters measured showed APTT was normal in majority of ART-experienced participants but prolonged in majority of ART-naïve participants. The mean platelet count was significantly higher in ART-experienced participants. No significant differences were found between the coagulation profiles of ART-experienced patients on two different drug regimens. In conclusion, current ART can enhance the coagulation profiles in HIV-infected patients, by improving platelet count and APTT.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11494772/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142492846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epidemic of multiple Treponema pallidum strains in men who have sex with men in Japan: efficient multi-locus sequence typing scheme and indicator biomarkers.","authors":"Wakana Sato, Ayako Sedohara, Michiko Koga, Yu Nakagama, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Yasutoshi Kido, Eisuke Adachi","doi":"10.1186/s12981-024-00663-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12981-024-00663-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The challenges in culturing Treponema pallidum have hindered molecular-biological analysis. This study aims to establish a molecular epidemiological analysis of syphilis among Japanese men who have sex with men (MSM) and to investigate the relationship between bacteremia and associated pathophysiology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We used whole blood specimens from syphilis-diagnosed individuals in Tokyo, collected between February 2019 and June 2022. All individuals were MSM, and most were people with HIV (97.2%). We used a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for epidemiological analysis. Sequences for MLST (TP0136, TP0548, and TP0705) were obtained.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 71 whole blood samples, 26 samples (36.6%) were positive for TP0136, and we sequenced three loci for MLST in 22 samples (31.0%). The most frequently detected sequence type (ST) was ST3 (n = 9), followed by ST6 (n = 6). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 12 samples belonged to the SS14-like group (60%), and 8 samples belonged to the Nichols-like group (40%). Treponema pallidum subsp. endemicum (TEN), the cause of bejel was detected in three samples (12%). There was a significant association between TP0136 detection rate and C- reactive protein (CRP) (77.0% at a cut-off:0.5 mg/dL).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both SS14-like and Nichols-like strains were circulating concurrently, and TEN could have been sexually transmitted among MSM with HIV. Elevated CRP may indicate the presence of the pathogen in the blood.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11484458/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142455902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uptake of early infant HIV diagnosis and its associated factors in Tanzania: an analytical cross-sectional study.","authors":"Esther Gaudence Kiurugo, Saada Ali Seif, Walter Cleo Milanzi","doi":"10.1186/s12981-024-00652-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-024-00652-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The uptake of early infant HIV diagnosis services is crucial for preventing mother to child transmission of virus, and timely management. However, the uptake of the services remains a global challenge, despite major advances in HIV testing. This study investigated the uptake of early infant HIV diagnosis and its associated factors among mothersof exposed infants. The results showed that the uptake of early infant HIV diagnosis was 76%. Factors associated with the uptake are caregivers being married, have higher income level and having adequate knowledge on early infant HIV diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468129/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142399110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Missed opportunity: low awareness of undetectable equals untransmittable (U = U) among adolescents living with HIV.","authors":"Sonal Swain, Elizabeth Inman, Deirdre Josipovic, Avy Violari, Rachel Kidman","doi":"10.1186/s12981-024-00659-8","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-024-00659-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, South Africa (SA) had the second-highest HIV incidence rate among adolescents worldwide. This study's participants were boys living in SA aged 15-19 years old, in a current dating or sexual relationship, and diagnosed with HIV before the age of 10. Despite the launch of campaigns to spread awareness of Undetectable equals Untransmittable (U = U), our findings showed that a significant number of adolescents living with HIV do not demonstrate an understanding of the concept. This highlights the importance of integrating U = U messaging in ongoing conversations with healthcare workers given the potential positive impact on adolescent wellbeing, transmission risk perception, and safer sexual practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"69"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11463128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of ART regimen and adherence to viral suppression: an observational study of a clinical population of people with HIV.","authors":"Jasmine A Manalel, Jennifer E Kaufman, Yiyi Wu, Ethan Fusaris, Arlene Correa, Jerome Ernst, Mark Brennan-Ing","doi":"10.1186/s12981-024-00657-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-024-00657-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for the effective management of HIV, which includes keeping the HIV viral load undetectable. This study aimed to determine whether certain ART medications are more \"forgiving\" of poor adherence in achieving viral suppression. We identified subgroups of ART medication usage and determined the extent to which ART adherence is associated with viral suppression across those subgroups. Data came from claims and clinical records (2017-2019) of 3,552 HIV-positive adult members of a Medicaid managed care plan. Pharmacy fill data were examined to characterize ART medications using latent class analysis (LCA), which captures the complexity of real-world ART usage (i.e., multiple medications, ART switching). LCA yielded five ART medication patterns over three years, mostly characterized by recent medications and formulations of ART, though they varied in number of tablets and in medication class. Mixed effects logistic regression models were estimated to determine whether odds of viral suppression differed by ART adherence level. After adjusting for covariates, those with at least 90% adherence (i.e., 90 to < 95%) did not significantly differ from those with 95% adherence or greater in terms of viral suppression, which corroborates existing clinical recommendations. These findings can inform provider-patient communication for people with HIV, especially those who have difficulty maintaining adherence. This includes those experiencing unstable housing, mental health conditions, or substance use.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"68"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11460157/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142387248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A matters arising: a structural equation modeling approach to investigate HIV testing willingness for men who have sex with men.","authors":"Jafar Hassanzadeh, Aboubakr Jafarnezhad","doi":"10.1186/s12981-024-00656-x","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-024-00656-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This is a Matters Arising about an article titled \"A structural equation modeling approach to investigate HIV testing willingness for men who have sex with men in China\" in the issue of AIDS Res Ther 20, 64 (2023) \" of this journal has been published. While thanking and appreciating the good authors of this article, we would like to explain some of the methodological issues of this study in order to clarify and disambiguate the methodology part of this article and other articles submitted in this style. First of all, it should be known that the concept and definition of structural equation modeling, the reason and method of doing it, specifying the observable and latent variables in the model, the exogenous and endogenous variables of the model, the correct way to draw the SEM graph, should be properly considered. The authors of this Matters Arising do not seek to refute or confirm the authors of this article. Our final opinion is that the methodology section should be written better and scientific clarification should be made in the methodology section for readers and interested parties.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"67"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11453081/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142374978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety of different amphotericin B formulations among AIDS patients with invasive fungal disease: a retrospective observational study.","authors":"Yuting Tan, Yanan Mo, Songjie Wu, Miao Tan, Shihui Song, Jie Liu, Hongying Yu, Ke Liang","doi":"10.1186/s12981-024-00649-w","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-024-00649-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We conducted a retrospective, observational study among acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with cryptococcal meningitis or talaromycosis to assess AmB formulations-related adverse events (AEs). Total 205 eligible patients were enrolled. Of them, 139 received AmB therapy, 51 received liposomal AmB (L-AmB) therapy, and 15 received AmB cholesteryl sulfate complex (ABCD) therapy. The incidences of total AEs between the AmB, L-AmB and ABCD group had no significant differences. The ABCD group had significantly higher incidences of hepatotoxicity and hematological toxicity than the AmB and L-AmB groups. The incidence of grade 3-4 hematological toxicity in the ABCD group was significantly higher than that in the AmB and L-AmB groups. Multinomial logistic regression models showed that compared with AmB, ABCD had a higher risk for the occurrence of grade 3-4 hematological toxicity (aOR = 43.924, 95%CI 6.296-306.418; p < 0.001). We demonstrated that ABCD was more prone to hepatotoxicity and hematological toxicity than AmB and L-AmB among AIDS patients, which is worth noting.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11441144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Public health response to Mpox: Safeguarding vulnerable Key Populations and People Living with HIV in Zanzibar.","authors":"Mansour Maulid Mshenga, Issa Abeid Mussa, Shaaban Hassan Haji","doi":"10.1186/s12981-024-00658-9","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12981-024-00658-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Mpox, caused by the Monkeypox virus (MPXV), has emerged as a significant global public health concern, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. The recent outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) is the largest recorded, driven by the highly virulent clade 1 strain. Transmission has shifted from animal contact to primarily sexual contact among Key Populations (KPs) such as Sex Workers (SW) and Men who have Sex with Men (MSM). In Zanzibar, where HIV prevalence is significantly higher among Key Populations, People Living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLHIV) are at increased risk of Mpox infection due to socioeconomic challenges and immunosuppression. Despite no reported cases in Zanzibar, the spread of Mpox in non-endemic areas highlights the need for proactive measures. Leveraging Zanzibar's strengthened public health infrastructure, key strategies include tailored awareness campaigns, improved vaccine access through existing COVID-19 vaccination models, healthcare infrastructure enhancement, and mental health support. These targeted actions aim to protect Zanzibar's most vulnerable populations and bolster preparedness against Mpox, emphasizing the importance of resource-appropriate interventions to mitigate potential outbreaks.</p>","PeriodicalId":7503,"journal":{"name":"AIDS Research and Therapy","volume":"21 1","pages":"65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11440885/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142339232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}