Aerosol Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Optimization of sampling conditions to minimize sampling errors of both PM _2.5 mass and its semi-volatile inorganic ion concentrations","authors":"Thi-Cuc Le, Pallavi Gajanan Barhate, Kai-Jing Zhen, Manisha Mishra, David. Y. H. Pui, Chuen-Jinn Tsai","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2023.2265454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2265454","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe accurate measurement of PM2.5 and its inorganic matters (IMs) is crucial for compliance monitoring and understanding particle formation. However, semi-volatile IMs (SVIMs) like NH4+, NO3− and Cl− tend to evaporate from particles, causing sampling artifacts. The evaporation loss occurs due to many factors making the quantitative prediction difficult. This study aimed to investigate the evaporation loss of SVIMs in PM2.5 under different sampling conditions. In the field tests, when a normal single Teflon filter sampler (STF), which is like a Federal Reference Method (FRM) sampler, was used to sample PM2.5 at ambient conditions, a significant SVIM evaporation loss was observed, resulting in negative biases for total IMs (-25.68 ± 3.25%) and PM2.5 concentrations (-9.87 ± 4.27%). But if PM2.5 was sampled by a chilled Teflon filter sampler (CTF) at 4 0C following aerosol dehumidification so that relative humidity (RH) was controlled to within the 10-20% range (RHd), evaporation loss was minimized with a bias of < ±10% for both total IMs and PM2.5 based on the reference data. When RHd is below 10%, both IMs and PM2.5 are under-measured, but only PM2.5 is over-measured when RHd is >20%. A model considering predictable saturation ratios for NH4+, NO3− and Cl− under various pressure drop, temperature and RH conditions was developed to predict accurately the actual concentrations of PM2.5 and its SVIMs for the STF. Additionally, the ISORROPIA-II model predicted SVIMs effectively for the CTF. In summary, using the CTF at optimized sampling conditions can achieve accurate measurement of both SVIMs and PM2.5 concentrations simultaneously.DisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also. AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (contract MOST 111-2221-E-A49-057-MY3), the Ministry of Education, the Higher Education Sprout Project of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, and the Academic-Industry Research Hub of People and Earth (AIR HoPE).Disclosure statementThe authors report there are no competing interests to declare.","PeriodicalId":7474,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135346718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-modal Chemical Characterization of Highly Viscous Submicrometer Organic Particles.","authors":"Ana C. Morales, Brianna N. Peterson, Steven A. Sharpe, Shelby M. Huston, Jay M. Tomlin, Felipe A. Rivera-Adorno, Ryan C. Moffet, Alla Zelenyuk, Alexander Laskin","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2023.2266494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2266494","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractDistinguishing highly viscous organic particles within complex mixtures of atmospheric aerosol and accurate descriptions of their composition, size distributions, and mixing states are challenges at the forefront of aerosol measurement science and technology. Here, we present results obtained from complementary single-particle measurement techniques employed for the in-depth characterization of highly viscous particles. We demonstrate advantages and synergy of this multi-modal particle characterization approach based on the analysis of individual viscous particles formed in the air-discharged waste produced by a common sewer pipe rehabilitation technology. Using oil immersion flow microscopy, we investigate particle size distributions and morphology of colloidal components present in field-collected aqueous waste condensates. We compare these results with corresponding measurements of viscous particles formed in drying droplets of the aerosolized discharged waste. The colloidal components and viscous particles were found to be approximately 10 µm and 0.5 µm, respectively. The aerosolized viscous particles exhibited a spherical morphology, while the colloidal particles appeared noticeably fractal, resembling fragments of a cured composite material. Chemical imaging of the viscous particles collected on substrates was performed using scanning electron microscopy and soft X-ray spectro-microscopy techniques. Through these methods, comprehensive description of these particles emerged, confirming their high solid-like viscosity, wide-ranging sizes, diverse carbon speciation with high degrees of oxygenation, and high organic volume fractions. The aerosolized viscous particles were further characterized using high-throughput single particle mass spectrometry. This technique provides real-time measurements of composition, size, and morphological metrics for large numbers of individual particles, enabling the identification of their distinct mass spectrometric signatures.DisclaimerAs a service to authors and researchers we are providing this version of an accepted manuscript (AM). Copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proofs will be undertaken on this manuscript before final publication of the Version of Record (VoR). During production and pre-press, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal relate to these versions also.","PeriodicalId":7474,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134974972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of volatility, viscosity, and non-ideality on particle–particle mixing timescales of secondary organic aerosols","authors":"Meredith Schervish, Neil M Donahue, Manabu Shiraiwa","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2023.2256827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2256827","url":null,"abstract":"Different populations of aerosol are constantly mixed throughout the atmosphere. Large-scale models often assume no particle–particle mixing or fast mixing among aerosol populations, so that they stay externally mixed or instantaneously form internal mixtures. We apply the kinetic multilayer model of gas–particle interactions (KM-GAP) to simulate the evaporation of semi-volatile species from one particle population and partitioning into another population with various phase states and nonideal mixing conditions. We find that the particle–particle mixing timescale (τmix) is prolonged when the semi-volatile species transport to a population in which it is miscible, as more mass must be transported. Extremes of volatility prolong the τmix, as low-volatility species evaporate slowly, while high-volatility species condense slowly. When the bulk diffusivities of the two populations are greater than 10−15 cm2 s−1, semi-volatile species mix rapidly; otherwise, the τmix can be prolonged beyond 1 h. We apply KM-GAP to particle–particle mixing experiments of H-toluene SOA into D-toluene SOA and limonene SOA, showing that τmix is prolonged when toluene SOA is highly viscous, while initial partitioning of gas phase semi-volatile species from toluene SOA into limonene SOA is rapid because of the low viscosity of limonene SOA. Simulations of mixing toluene SOA and β-caryophyllene SOA indicate that the apparent discrepancy of limited mixing under conditions where both are predicted to have low viscosity are explained by limited miscibility of the semi-volatile components. Our study demonstrates that particle–particle mixing timescales are affected by a complex interplay among volatility, diffusion limitations, and non-ideal miscibility.","PeriodicalId":7474,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134886879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of sub-5nm naturally charged carbonaceous materials from a sooting laminar premixed flame by a water condensation Particle Counter (WCPC) enhanced by a Di-Ethylene Glycol (DEG) saturator inlet","authors":"Farnaz Khosravi, Gregory S. Lewis, Michel Attoui, Arantza Eiguren-Fernandez, Francesco Carbone","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2023.2247458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2247458","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Combustion is one of the major contributors to air pollution and Condensation Particle Counters (CPCs) provide effective monitoring of atmospheric aerosols since they can detect both charged and neutral materials in low number concentrations. The detection efficiency of any CPC for materials smaller than 5 nm requires ad-hoc calibrations because it is affected by the analyte’s size, shape, charge state, composition, and wettability by the condensing fluid. This study characterizes a Water-based CPC (WCPC) prototype for the detection of the naturally charged carbonaceous products of an incipiently sooting laminar premixed flame. The WCPC can activate condensation growth and (50% efficient) detection of hydrophobic flame-formed carbonaceous materials naturally charged in positive and negative polarities with mobility diameters as small as 4.3 nm and 4.8 nm, respectively. The addition of a simple Di-Ethylene Glycol (DEG) saturator inlet enhances the 50% detection cutoff to mobility diameters as small as 1.8 nm or 1.6 nm for materials charged in positive or negative polarity, respectively. The coupling of the DEG saturator inlet to the WCPC creates a new DEG-WCPC instrument able to detect efficiently both hydrophobic and hydrophilic sub-5nm aerosols with a marginal increase in manufacturing cost (<10%), dimensions, and weight (<0.25 kg). Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7474,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"1069 - 1086"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42374270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance analysis of a gas cyclone with a dustbin inverted hybrid solid cone","authors":"E. Dehdarinejad, F. Parvaz, S. H. Hosseini, G. Ahmadi, K. Elsayed, S. Yook","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2023.2217873","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2217873","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study uses the CFD technique to investigate the influence of a twisted inverted hybrid solid cone (TIHSC) placed at the gas cyclone dustbin on the separator performance. This new design improves the stability and reduces the length of the vortex finder, resulting in a stronger swirl in the cyclone with a higher tangential velocity. The study showed that an increase in the height of the TIHSC increases the maximum tangential velocity up to 2.9 times the inlet velocity. Overall, using TIHSC leads to a significant increase in particle separation efficiency compared to the conventional cyclone. In addition, with an increase in the height of TIHSC, the pressure drop significantly decreases while the separation efficiency increases. For the optimized model, the particle cut size improves from 0.97 to 0.85 µm at 50% separation and from 6.2 to 4.7 µm at 100% separation, while the pressure drop is reduced by 12.7%. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research","PeriodicalId":7474,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"911 - 924"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41941146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a Physical Model of the Human Mouth and Throat to Study the Complex Dynamics of Inhaled Aerosols","authors":"Nicolas Castro, Qiang Wang, Jingjie Zhang, Weiling Li, Y. Pithawalla, Michael Oldham, Ali Rostami","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2023.2253302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2253302","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A unique adult human mouth/throat physical model has been developed to study e-cigarette aerosol dynamics during inhalation. The 3D printed physical model was created from the CT scan of a 28 yr. old healthy male. Internal walls of the physical model were lined with a thin layer of cotton gauze that can be saturated with water to replicate the high relative humidity conditions in a human Oral/Pharyngeal cavity. Aerosol hygroscopic growth and deposition inside the physical model from a cartomizer style e-cigarette using a prototype e-liquid formulation was determined by measuring cumulative aerosol mass from five puffs (gravimetric) and for individual constituents (propylene glycol, glycerol, and nicotine) from a single puff (GC/MS analysis). Measurements were taken at constant temperature of 37 °C under both wet and dry inner wall conditions for a for a 3-sec. 55 mL puff. The condition of holding aerosol inside the physical model without airflow for a duration of 3-sec. was also included. For the same puffing conditions of 3-sec puff of 55 mL and a 3-sec. puff hold time, dry wall conditions resulted in a mean aerosol mass loss of 20.9 ± 3.8%, while the total aerosol mass was increased by 150.9 ± 19% under wet wall condition when compared to total aerosol mass entering the physical model entrance. The dramatic increase is due to water vapor uptake by the aerosol particles when flowing through the wetted physical model. Aerosol evolution of individual chemical constituent analysis appeared to vary as a function of volatility.","PeriodicalId":7474,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48850190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chemical Characterization of Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Facilitated by Aerosolization and Size Separation","authors":"Emily R. Halpern, Christopher P. West, A. Hettiyadura, Andrew Darmody, Jillian K. Johnson, Kuangnan Qian, Alexander Laskin","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2023.2254355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2254355","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Bio-oils are a promising renewable and carbon-neutral hydrocarbon material that can become a new energy source. Bio-oil mixtures have complex multi-component composition consisting of the pyrolysis products of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin of various molecular sizes with a range of highly oxygenated functional groups. Chemical characterization of bio-oil components is therefore necessary to inform the upgrading process of bio-oil and improve its commercial viability. We utilize aerosol technology to facilitate characterization of bio-oil components resulting in compositional differences specific to its volatility-separated fractions. We aerosolize bio-oil mixture, followed by size separation and collection of obtained particles using a cascade impactor, where the collected particles are exposed to sequentially reduced pressures at each of the impaction stages. We characterize components of the impactor separated bio-oil fractions using high-resolution mass spectrometry equipped with interchangeable electrospray ionization and dopant-assisted atmospheric pressure photoionization sources. Through examination of the detected chemical species in each of the separated fractions and assessment of their physiochemical properties, we identify a range of fuel-like aliphatic species with low O/C ratio and low viscosity in the most volatile fraction. The less volatile fractions contained progressively higher portions of more viscous species containing lignin and sugars moieties with characteristic high O/C values. We show that the impactor-based separation of bio-oil fractions facilitates comprehensive characterization of its components with varying fuel viability, capable of guiding upgrading processes. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research Graphical Abstract","PeriodicalId":7474,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43273476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of electrostatic collection on scavenging of submicron-sized aerosols by cloud droplets and raindrops","authors":"V. Vučković, D. Vujović, Darko Savić","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2023.2251551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2251551","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We explicitly calculate the efficiency with which submicron-sized aerosol particles (APs) with a diameter smaller than 0.2 collide with cloud droplets and raindrops in air due to individual and combined, simultaneous action of all ice nucleation and all collection mechanisms, including electrostatic forces caused by electric charges on the cloud drops and APs. Brownian diffusion is a predominant collection mechanism up to the critical diameter of APs, which depends on the value of the coefficient of electrostatic collection For larger APs, electroscavenging (ES) is the dominant collection mechanism. When ice nucleation is added to all collection processes, at some moments a larger value of results in a lower mass of APs in rainwater, but only for and Ice nucleation lowers the relative AP precipitation mass (RAPM) compared with a numerical experiment when all collection processes are included for almost 7% at the end of integration for while for all other values of RAPM increases. affects the mass more than the number of APs in cloud water when ice nucleation and all collection processes act simultaneously. The greatest scavenging in the air occurs for the largest ES significantly affects the mass of APs in precipitation at the end of the integration period, while its influence on the number of APs is not that important. The influence of APs charge distribution and an image charge on RAPM and RAPN is significant. For the RAPN the influence of APs distribution compared to an image charge is more significant. The addition of image force to Coulomb force and APs bipolar charge distribution contributes to RAPM for 3.9% and RAPN for 1.6%. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research","PeriodicalId":7474,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"1154 - 1173"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46389699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A machine learning based approach to solve the aerosol dynamics coagulation model","authors":"Onochie Okonkwo, Rahul Patel, R. Gudi, P. Biswas","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2023.2249074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2249074","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Solving aerosol dynamic models accurately to obtain the size distribution function is often computationally expensive. Conventional artificial neural network (ANN) models offer an alternative procedure to solve the aerosol dynamic equations. However, conventional ANN models can result in violation of aerosol mass conservation. To further enhance accuracy and reduce computational time, a hybrid ANN approach to solve the aerosol coagulation equation is developed, validated, and demonstrated. The methodology and assumptions for the development of the hybrid ANN model which provides an analytical closed form solution for aerosol coagulation is described. The ANN model is trained and validated using a dataset from an accurate sectional model. Following this, the hybrid ANN aerosol model is used to describe the evolution of aerosol in a furnace aerosol reactor. The hybrid ANN model results are compared to the accurate sectional and moment coagulation models. The hybrid ANN coagulation model prediction was found to accurately describe the evolution of the size distribution at a computational cost which is slightly more than the moment model but orders of magnitude less than the sectional model. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research Graphical abstract","PeriodicalId":7474,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"1098 - 1116"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49351880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance evaluation of different low-cost DIY air cleaner configurations","authors":"Nirmala T Myers, K. P. Dillon, Taewon T. Han, G. Mainelis","doi":"10.1080/02786826.2023.2249963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02786826.2023.2249963","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Do-it-yourself (DIY) air cleaners have been proposed as an affordable alternative to expensive portable HEPA air cleaners; however, their performance data is still limited. This study evaluated the performance of single- and multi-filter DIY air cleaner configurations with different filter thickness (1, 2, and 4 inches) and MERV ratings (8, 11, and 13). The filters were selected based on their availability to the public, with the resulting cost of less than 50 and 100 USD for single- and multi-filter configurations, respectively. DIY air cleaners were challenged with polydisperse NaCl particles, and their clean air delivery rate (CADR) was determined for ultrafine (< 100 nm) and 300 nm particle number concentration and PM2.5 mass concentration. Twelve single-filter configurations with filters from three companies, a 2-filter configuration, and a Corsi-Rosenthal (C-R) box with four 2-inch filters were tested. The CADR ranged from 84 to 635 cfm, depending on the particle metric and filter configuration. Among the single-filter configurations, the 4-inch filter performed the best. The multi-filter models, especially the C-R box, demonstrated the highest CADR: comparable to and exceeding the CADR of portable HEPA air cleaners. In addition, the C-R box also provided the highest CADR per power input while resulting in the lowest noise level and fan motor temperature. In addition to performance, the cost of operating and maintaining DIY air cleaners is also discussed. Overall, this study shows that DIY air cleaners are an affordable and effective means to reduce particulate air pollutants, thus improving indoor air quality. Copyright © 2023 American Association for Aerosol Research GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT","PeriodicalId":7474,"journal":{"name":"Aerosol Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":"1128 - 1141"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48041374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}