RSC sustainability最新文献_第3页

Photocatalytic valorisation of real-world substrates 真实底物的光催化增值

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00646A

Kathryn Ralphs, Junhong Liu, Lan Lan, Christopher Hardacre, Nathan Skillen and Peter K. J. Robertson

{"title":"Photocatalytic valorisation of real-world substrates","authors":"Kathryn Ralphs, Junhong Liu, Lan Lan, Christopher Hardacre, Nathan Skillen and Peter K. J. Robertson","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00646A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00646A","url":null,"abstract":"There are several key environmental sustainability challenges that the world needs to address over the next thirty years, particularly against the backdrop of achieving global net carbon zero emission this century. In addition to reducing global carbon emissions, the provision of clean “green” energy, reduction of water pollution and production of high value chemicals in a sustainable manner are clear priorities for sustainable economic growth. The photocatalytic valorisation of real-world substrates (waste biomass, plastic pollution and wastewater) is an opportunity to contribute significantly towards tackling water pollution, cutting CO2 emissions and contributing to sustainably producing value added chemicals and hydrogen from waste materials and water contaminants/pollutants. To date, however, research is critically lagging in terms of the utilization of actual real-world substrates and instead concentrates on much simpler model compounds such as sugars, monomers, dyes and individual pollutants. Lack of progress in this field is further exacerbated by the general lack of scaling up of photocatalytic technology. Nevertheless, there are some pioneers who have explored the photocatalytic valorization of real-world waste materials which have been highlighted in this review. This review considers the application of semiconductor photocatalysis for such applications with a particular focus on valorisation of waste biomass (e.g. cardboard, grass, wood), plastic pollution (e.g. plastic bottles) and wastewater effluents (e.g. from juice processing factories) to produce hydrogen and value-added chemicals. Current engineering aspects are reviewed and discussed. A perspective of the role of photocatalysis in the circular economy is also discussed and an overall perspective and future outlook is presented.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 5","pages":" 2079-2110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00646a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transforming waste fish bones into nanoparticles with ultrasound and aqueous organic acids† 利用超声波和含水有机酸将废弃鱼骨转化为纳米颗粒†

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2025-03-18 DOI: 10.1039/D5SU00164A

Sarah Boudreau, Sabahudin Hrapovic, Emma McIsaac, Edmond Lam, Fabrice Berrué and Francesca M. Kerton

{"title":"Transforming waste fish bones into nanoparticles with ultrasound and aqueous organic acids†","authors":"Sarah Boudreau, Sabahudin Hrapovic, Emma McIsaac, Edmond Lam, Fabrice Berrué and Francesca M. Kerton","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00164A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00164A","url":null,"abstract":"Synthesizing materials from biomass has gained significant attention as a step towards achieving a circular economy. Seafood processing by-products (e.g., heads, fins, bones, and viscera) are currently disposed of using unsustainable practices including disposal in landfills and/or at sea. However, fish bones are made of 60% hydroxyapatite and therefore could be utilized as a sustainable feedstock for calcium phosphate materials. In this research, nano-hydroxyapatite particles were prepared from Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) bones using ultrasound in combination with heat, ball milling, and aqueous acid treatment. The size of the synthesized hydroxyapatite nanoparticles can be tailored depending on the chosen conditions. The smallest particles (d = 29 nm) were produced using aqueous propanoic acid and 15 min ultrasound exposure, whereas heat pre-treatment and ultrasound treatment for 60 min led to more well-defined but larger particles (d = 69 nm). The presence of calcium propanoate on the surface of nanoparticles prepared with propanoic acid was detected by IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. A simplified gate-to-gate life cycle assessment was used to demonstrate that this ultrasound process results in a 97% reduction in CO2 emissions compared to other methods reported in the literature to date.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 5","pages":" 2325-2332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00164a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reducing the environmental impact of large-scale photovoltaic systems through technological progress and effective management† 通过技术进步和有效管理减少大型光伏系统对环境的影响

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00778F

Xingyong Li, Fanran Meng, Alan Dunbar, Lixiao Zhang, Yan Hao, Tong He, Na Yang, Junnan Mao, Fanxin Meng and Gengyuan Liu

{"title":"Reducing the environmental impact of large-scale photovoltaic systems through technological progress and effective management†","authors":"Xingyong Li, Fanran Meng, Alan Dunbar, Lixiao Zhang, Yan Hao, Tong He, Na Yang, Junnan Mao, Fanxin Meng and Gengyuan Liu","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00778F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00778F","url":null,"abstract":"Photovoltaics (PVs), the fastest-growing renewable energy source, play a crucial role in decarbonizing global energy systems. However, the intermittent nature of solar PV and transmission line constraints pose challenges to its integration into electricity systems. Previous studies on PV systems often lack methodological consistency, limiting comparative insights into understanding their environmental impacts. This study conducts a comprehensive life cycle analysis of various PV technologies using primary data within a unified framework and explores different scenarios to assess the impact of technology and management on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and energy payback. The results indicate that transitioning from multi-crystalline to monocrystalline silicon reduces PV-related GHG emissions by 7.9–40.5% and improves energy payback by 1.5–52.5%. Additionally, effective management and technological advancements decrease GHG emissions by 29.6–34.3% compared to the current scenario. Integrating these factors into grid decarbonization efforts would reduce emissions to less than 7.2 gCO2-eq per kW per h, shorten the energy payback time to less than 2.0 years, and boost energy returns by more than 18.4 times. These findings reveal that the potential of effective management in reducing GHG emissions is comparable to that of technological advancements. To maximize PV's decarbonization benefits, stakeholders should prioritize electricity system optimization, implement policies to boost grid-connected PV generation, reduce losses, and extend PV lifespan.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 5","pages":" 2286-2300"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00778f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Critical metal recovery from e-waste in concentrated ionic media using ultrasound† 利用超声波从浓缩离子介质中的电子垃圾中回收关键金属

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00715H

Christopher E. Elgar, Kelsey Hall and Andrew P. Abbott

{"title":"Critical metal recovery from e-waste in concentrated ionic media using ultrasound†","authors":"Christopher E. Elgar, Kelsey Hall and Andrew P. Abbott","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00715H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00715H","url":null,"abstract":"With an increase in the amount of e-waste being generated worldwide, there is greater demand for sustainable recycling techniques to recover components and technology critical metals (TCMs) that would otherwise be discarded. Current methods for solder removal are inefficient, produce harmful gases and by-products. This work aims to use catalytic etchants in concentrated ionic media, to improve the sustainability of recycling techniques. The viscosity of these solutions is often perceived as a limiting factor for ion mobility, so ultrasonic agitation has been used to improve mass transport. Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry have been used to investigate the redox behaviour of tin and lead in solder, and how ultrasound can overcome passivation and improve the dissolution of these metals. Ultrasound results in a linear response between the slope of the LSV and solution conductivity for tin, suggesting a migration-controlled mechanism, however passivation still occurred with lead, showing that there is still some diffusion control. A waste printed circuit board was etched using FeCl3 catalyst in a choline chloride and ethylene glycol DES (ChCl : 2EG) but no major components were removed after 30 minutes of sonication at room temperature. The use of a choline chloride and water in a 1 : 10 molar ratio removed most of the components, along with some gold coating, under the same conditions. The additional water content in the brine improved the fluidity of the solution, enabling dissolution of the solder and copper under-layer, freeing the gold. Cavitation effects including acoustic streaming and jetting work in tandem to aid metal removal.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 4","pages":" 1957-1965"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00715h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Continuous flow production of γ-valerolactone from methyl-levulinate promoted by MOF-derived Al2O3–ZrO2/C catalysts† mof衍生Al2O3-ZrO2 /C催化剂催化乙酰丙酸甲酯连续流产γ-戊内酯

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00797B

Marina Ronda-Leal, Alina M. Balu, Rafael Luque, Francesco Mauriello, Alberto Ricchebuono, Christophe Len, Antonio A. Romero and Emilia Paone

{"title":"Continuous flow production of γ-valerolactone from methyl-levulinate promoted by MOF-derived Al2O3–ZrO2/C catalysts†","authors":"Marina Ronda-Leal, Alina M. Balu, Rafael Luque, Francesco Mauriello, Alberto Ricchebuono, Christophe Len, Antonio A. Romero and Emilia Paone","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00797B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00797B","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) of methyl levulinate (ML) into γ-valerolactone (GVL) using mixed metal oxides derived from metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) under continuous flow conditions. A series of MOF-derived Al2O3–ZrO2/C catalysts with different Al/Zr molar ratios were investigated, revealing a synergistic effect that significantly enhances catalytic efficiency. Physico-chemical characterization demonstrates that the incorporation of aluminum into zirconium dioxide increases the surface area as well as the presence of catalytically active acid and basic sites, which are essential for the efficient transfer hydrogenation of ML into GVL. Al2O3–ZrO2/C (1 : 1) exhibited the highest ML conversion rate (80%) and GVL yield (72%) at 200 °C within 30 minutes. The study also emphasizes the critical role of reaction parameters in maximizing GVL production. The stability and reusability of the Al2O3–ZrO2/C (1 : 1) catalyst, following appropriate thermal treatment, were also assessed.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 5","pages":" 2273-2285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00797b?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Catalyst coated membranes for fuel cell and water electrolyser delamination induced by organic solution soaking and water ultrasonication† 有机溶液浸泡和水超声诱导燃料电池和水电解槽脱层的催化剂涂层膜

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00795F

Tanongsak Yingnakorn, Jennifer Hartley, Molly E. Keal, Ross Gordon, Daniel Marin Florido, Andrew P. Abbott and Jake M. Yang

{"title":"Catalyst coated membranes for fuel cell and water electrolyser delamination induced by organic solution soaking and water ultrasonication†","authors":"Tanongsak Yingnakorn, Jennifer Hartley, Molly E. Keal, Ross Gordon, Daniel Marin Florido, Andrew P. Abbott and Jake M. Yang","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00795F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00795F","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents a novel room-temperature, two-step process for separating catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) used in fuel cells and water electrolysers. The method not only achieves a clean separation of the central membrane from the catalyst materials but also preserves the catalyst, thereby avoiding any potential hazardous gas release. The process involves a brief one-minute soak in an optimised solution, followed by a 10–12 minutes low-power ultrasonic treatment in water. The effectiveness of various organic (acetone, ethanol, ethylene glycol, hexane, and toluene) and aqueous (CaCl2, HCl, NaOH, NH4Cl) soaking solutions was thoroughly investigated to identify the optimal conditions for achieving near-pristine, separated membranes. This safe and efficient approach offers a promising strategy for CCM recycling, promoting resource recovery and economic benefits in clean energy technologies.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 4","pages":" 1900-1908"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00795f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Production of oxymethylene ethers (OME) as sustainable diesel fuel substitutes: continuous synthesis from dimethyl ether and trioxane and evaluation of catalyst stability† 作为可持续柴油替代品的甲氧甲烷醚（OME）的生产：二甲醚和三氧烷的连续合成及催化剂稳定性评价

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2025-03-10 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00818A

Marius Drexler, Victor Zaghini Francesconi, Ulrich Arnold, Thomas A. Zevaco and Jörg Sauer

{"title":"Production of oxymethylene ethers (OME) as sustainable diesel fuel substitutes: continuous synthesis from dimethyl ether and trioxane and evaluation of catalyst stability†","authors":"Marius Drexler, Victor Zaghini Francesconi, Ulrich Arnold, Thomas A. Zevaco and Jörg Sauer","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00818A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SU00818A","url":null,"abstract":"Oxymethylene ethers (OMEs) are currently being investigated as attractive substitutes for fossil diesel fuel. In particular, the properties of OMEs containing 3–5 formaldehyde units (CH3O(CH2O)nCH3 with n = 3–5) are similar and mostly compliant with current diesel specifications. With their production based on renewable methanol, OMEs can contribute significantly to a future sustainable mobility. This study elaborates an anhydrous, liquid phase OME synthesis based on dimethyl ether (DME). Using a newly designed continuous production plant, the performance of extruded zeolite catalysts based on a commercially available ZSM-5 material is evaluated. The characteristics of the produced catalysts are analyzed extensively and discussed. Comprehensive characterization of the spent catalyst as well as regeneration experiments were performed to investigate catalyst deactivation mechanisms. It was shown that deactivation mechanisms are similar to those observed in methanol-to-hydrocarbon processes. Thus, understanding of these aspects is improved and approaches for further optimization can be identified.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 4","pages":" 1941-1956"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d4su00818a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cannabis sativa biochar: characterization and preliminary application in plant growth and adsorption, and as an electrode material† 大麻生物炭：表征及其在植物生长和吸附中的初步应用，并作为电极材料†

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2025-03-04 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00829D

Maria Belen Ceretta, Sofia Antic Gorrazzi, Sebastian D’Ippolito, Julieta Mendieta, Debora Nercessian and Sebastian Bonanni

引用次数: 0

An aqua regia-free chemical recovery and reprecipitation of Ir from IrOx catalysts: optimisation of the extraction efficiency using surface response methodology† 从IrOx催化剂中无王水的化学回收和再沉淀：使用表面响应方法优化提取效率

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1039/D5SU00038F

Sarah Turnbull, Delphine Clauss, Vincent Martin, Jean-Pierre Magnin, Laetitia Dubau and Frédéric Maillard

{"title":"An aqua regia-free chemical recovery and reprecipitation of Ir from IrOx catalysts: optimisation of the extraction efficiency using surface response methodology†","authors":"Sarah Turnbull, Delphine Clauss, Vincent Martin, Jean-Pierre Magnin, Laetitia Dubau and Frédéric Maillard","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00038F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00038F","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread deployment of hydrogen is essential in the energy transition away from fossil fuels. There is an increasing demand for iridium (Ir) in the proton-exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) industry, acting as the catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). However, Ir is one of the rarest platinum group metals (PGMs) and its recycling requires significant energy and has considerable environmental impacts. Therefore, developing an innovative energy-efficient recycling method is essential to enhance the use of Ir. This study focuses on the development of a microwave-assisted leaching protocol of Ir from a commercial iridium oxide (IrOx) catalyst and its reprecipitation in the form of a salt. A Box–Behnken optimisation of the Ir leaching efficiency was performed by varying the temperature (70–200 °C), chloride concentration ([Cl−]) (0–4 M) and hydrogen peroxide concentration ([H2O2]) (0–3% v/v). An optimum of 91% extraction efficiency was predicted and then confirmed experimentally, achieving an Ir leaching efficiency of 83 ± 10%, which corresponds to an Ir mass extraction of 769 mgIr gIrOx−1. The precipitation of the Ir leachate solution was then performed to obtain Ir in the form of ammonium hexachloroiridate ((NH4)2IrCl6) with 94.6% purity.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 4","pages":" 1741-1750"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00038f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143761628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthetic routes and fields of application of isohexides: comprehensive perspective of relevant industrial compounds 异己酯的合成路线及应用领域：相关工业化合物的综合展望

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2025-03-03 DOI: 10.1039/D5SU00011D

Daria Armani

{"title":"Synthetic routes and fields of application of isohexides: comprehensive perspective of relevant industrial compounds","authors":"Daria Armani","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00011D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00011D","url":null,"abstract":"Isohexides are a class of compounds that can be obtained from natural sources using simple processes, and have interesting properties. Among these, the intrinsic chirality of the rigid bicyclic structural cavity and the presence of two hydroxyl groups in positions 3 and 6, available for functional-group interconversion, appear the most interesting characteristics for real innovative applications. In this review, the strategies for the synthesis of isohexides from polysaccharides and biomasses of different complexities have been analyzed and the alternative processes to the traditional synthetic routes, in terms of sustainability, have been discussed. Secondly, the properties that make isosorbide the most suitable isohexide compound in terms of availability, stability and scalability for innovative production processes have been highlighted. The fields of application of these extremely interesting compounds have been investigated, proceeding with a discussion in which the areas of exploitation of isohexides are analyzed, in terms of their use as building blocks, chiral auxiliaries or constituents of chiral ionic liquids. Finally, the numerous applicative possibilities of isosorbide as a monomer or co-monomer of a wide range of polymeric materials of different natures, have been thoroughly investigated. This review represents a first investigation into the possible uses of isohexide-based compounds by analyzing the positive and negative aspects of their exploitation as ubiquitous alternatives to current oil-based intermediates. Certainly, future studies on the optimization of those production processes that occupy a large share of the chemical-product market will lead to the confirmation of the synthetic potential of compounds with an isohexidic structure.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 5","pages":" 2134-2148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00011d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143918910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0