RSC sustainability最新文献_第2页

Lanthanide promoted nickel catalysts for the integrated capture and conversion of carbon dioxide to methane via metal carbonates† 通过金属碳酸盐综合捕获二氧化碳并将其转化为甲烷的镧系元素促进镍催化剂

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00306C

Christopher J. Koch, Zohaib Suhail, Prince, Anushan Alagaratnam, Matthew Coe, Alain Goeppert and G. K. Surya Prakash

{"title":"Lanthanide promoted nickel catalysts for the integrated capture and conversion of carbon dioxide to methane via metal carbonates†","authors":"Christopher J. Koch, Zohaib Suhail, Prince, Anushan Alagaratnam, Matthew Coe, Alain Goeppert and G. K. Surya Prakash","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00306C","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SU00306C","url":null,"abstract":"An integrated CO2 capture and conversion system utilizing metal hydroxide salts has been developed to capture CO2 from various sources including air in the form of carbonate salts and convert them directly into a synthetic fuel; methane. Nickel catalysts have previously been shown to convert carbonate salts, such as K2CO3 and Na2CO3, to methane. However, the productivity of these systems was rather modest in comparison to other catalysts based on ruthenium metal. With the help of lanthanide promoters, the methane productivity of nickel catalysts has been greatly improved. For the most part, the catalytic performance of the lanthanide promoted nickel catalysts followed the lanthanide contraction trend, i.e. the smaller the atomic size of the lanthanide, the higher the methane yield. Furthermore, the lanthanide promoted nickel catalysts are also stable under the alkaline conditions employed, maintaining their activity over five cycles of integrated CO2 capture and conversion. Lastly, the lanthanide promoted nickel catalysts were demonstrated to be more economical compared to ruthenium- and unpromoted nicked-based catalysts.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/su/d4su00306c?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Enzymatic Polymerization of Furan-Based Polymers in Biobased Solvents 呋喃基聚合物在生物基溶剂中的酶促聚合反应

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1039/d4su00358f

Fitrilia Silvianti, Dina Maniar, Tijn de Leeuw, Jur van Dijken, Katja Loos

{"title":"Enzymatic Polymerization of Furan-Based Polymers in Biobased Solvents","authors":"Fitrilia Silvianti, Dina Maniar, Tijn de Leeuw, Jur van Dijken, Katja Loos","doi":"10.1039/d4su00358f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4su00358f","url":null,"abstract":"The demand for biobased polymers is on the rise, driven by increasing environmental awareness and the imperative for sustainability. Biobased materials, which offer renewability, have emerged as a solution to the depletion of petroleum-based resources. Among biobased raw materials, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (2,5-FDCA) has gained prominence as an extensively studied monomer in the last decade. Polyester based on 2,5-FDCA have shown compatibility and potential as biobased alternatives to polyethylene terephthalate (PET) for packaging applications. Besides FDCA, 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (2,5-BHMF), a furan hetero-aromatic diol derivable from carbohydrates, has been identified as a versatile building block, presenting interesting properties for polymeric materials. In adherence to sustainability principles, the choice of catalyst for biobased polymer production is crucial. Biocatalysts, such as enzymes, not only provide renewability but also offer advantages such as mild reaction conditions, aligning with sustainable practices. However, many enzymatic polymerizations are reported in organic solvents, that are not environmental friendly and/or non-renewable. To address this issue, this study explored the use of biobased solvents—namely, p-cymene, pinacolone, and d-limonene—for the enzymatic polymerization of dimethyl 2,5-furan dicarboxylate (2,5-FDCA-based) polyesters and copolyesters with 2,5-BHMF. By employing Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB), the enzymatic polymerization of this enzyme, particularly with p-cymene, has demonstrated high performance, resulting in high-molecular-weight polyester and copolyester products up to 7.0 and 12.8 kg mol-1, respectively. This study examined the thermal properties and crystallinity of the obtained products by analyzing their structure-property relationships. This research contributes to the advancement of sustainable polymer synthesis by considering biobased raw materials, environmentally friendly catalysts, and biobased solvents.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finding least-cost net-zero CO2e strategies for the European cement industry using geospatial techno-economic modelling† 利用地理空间技术经济模型为欧洲水泥行业寻找成本最低的二氧化碳净零排放战略

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00373J

Till Strunge, Lukas Küng, Nixon Sunny, Nilay Shah, Phil Renforth and Mijndert Van der Spek

{"title":"Finding least-cost net-zero CO2e strategies for the European cement industry using geospatial techno-economic modelling†","authors":"Till Strunge, Lukas Küng, Nixon Sunny, Nilay Shah, Phil Renforth and Mijndert Van der Spek","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00373J","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SU00373J","url":null,"abstract":"Cement production is responsible for approximately 7% of anthropogenic CO2-equivalent (CO2e) emissions, while characterised by low margins and the highest carbon intensity of any industry per unit of revenue. Hence, economically viable decarbonisation strategies must be found. The costs of many emission reduction strategies depend on geographical factors, such as plant location and proximity to feedstock or on synergies with other cement producers. The current literature lacks quantification of least-cost decarbonisation strategies of a country or region's total cement sector, while taking stock of these geospatial differences. Here, we quantify which intervention ensembles could lead to least-cost, full decarbonisation of the European cement industry, for multiple European regions. We show that least-cost strategies include the use of calcined clay cements coupled with carbon capture and storage (CCS) from existing cement plants and direct air capture with carbon storage (DACCS) in locations close to CO2 storage sites. We find that these strategies could cost €72–€75 per tonne of cement (tcement−1, up from €46–€51.5 tcement−1), which could be offset by future costs of cement production otherwise amounting to €105–€130 tcement−1 taking the cost of CO2e emission certificates into account. The analysis shows that for economically viable decarbonisation, collaborative and region-catered approaches become imperative, while supplementary cementitious materials including calcined clays have a key role.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/su/d4su00373j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142193004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Task-specific boronium ionic liquids as ashless lubricant additives† 作为无灰润滑油添加剂的特定任务硼离子液体

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-12 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00451E

Novina Malviya, Farah Fazlina M. Yasin, Maria Teresa Sateriale, Fergal Coleman, H. Q. Nimal Gunaratne, Andrea Dolfi, Geetha Srinivasan and Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny

{"title":"Task-specific boronium ionic liquids as ashless lubricant additives†","authors":"Novina Malviya, Farah Fazlina M. Yasin, Maria Teresa Sateriale, Fergal Coleman, H. Q. Nimal Gunaratne, Andrea Dolfi, Geetha Srinivasan and Małgorzata Swadźba-Kwaśny","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00451E","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SU00451E","url":null,"abstract":"Modern engines are designed for very close contact between shearing planes, which requires high-performance boundary lubrication, delivered by lubricant base oils formulated with an array of additives. Commercial additive packages typically contain metals, sulfur, and phosphorus, which act as poisons to catalytic converters (thereby increasing emissions), increase wear and contribute to corrosion (which lowers the lifespan of engines). Ionic liquids (ILs), which are low-melting organic salts, have been extensively studied as lubricant additives; although some commercially available ionic liquids perform well as friction modifiers, they suffer from low solubility in the oil matrix and may cause corrosion due to residual chloride content. Here, we report nine new, task-specific ionic liquids, designed to act as ashless lubricant additives, comprising boron-containing cations for enhanced wear reduction, carboxylic acid anions to reduce friction, and modified alkyl chains to enhance solubility in the base oil. All ILs were inherently free from metals, sulfur, and phosphorus, and synthesised through a halide-free route. Their speciation was studied through multinuclear NMR and Raman spectroscopies, followed by studies of solubility in Group III+ base oil. Their performance as lubricant additives was assessed in terms of friction reduction and wear scar reduction, benchmarked against glycerol mono-oleate (GMO), a commercially availabe lubricant additive.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/su/d4su00451e?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Molecular and material property variations during ideal PET degradation and mechanical recycling 理想 PET 降解和机械回收过程中的分子和材料特性变化

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1039/d4su00485j

Chiara Fiorillo, Lynn Trossaert, Erion Bezeraj, Simon Debrie, Hannelore Ohnmacht, Paul Van Steenberge, Dagmar R. D'hooge, Mariya Edeleva

{"title":"Molecular and material property variations during ideal PET degradation and mechanical recycling","authors":"Chiara Fiorillo, Lynn Trossaert, Erion Bezeraj, Simon Debrie, Hannelore Ohnmacht, Paul Van Steenberge, Dagmar R. D'hooge, Mariya Edeleva","doi":"10.1039/d4su00485j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4su00485j","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) is an important polyester utilized for a wide variety of applications such as bottles, fibers and engineering compositions. Its chemical composition depends on the use of main monomers (e.g. terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol) as well as comonomers (e.g. diethylene glycol and isophthalic acid) in low amounts, defining several reaction pathways upon degradation or (mechanical) recycling. The present work gives a detailed overview of these molecular pathways, differentiating between thermal, thermo-mechanical, thermo-oxidative, photo-oxidative, hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation reactions. Considering at most low contaminant amounts, hence, under ideal (mechanical) recycling (lab) conditions, a wide range of functional group variations is already revealed, specifically during consecutive polyester processing cycles. Moreover, as a key novelty it is explained how the molecular variations influence the material behavior, considering both rheological, thermal and mechanical properties. Supported by basic life cycle analysis, it is highlighted that our future improved assessment of the mechanical recycling potential must better link the molecular and material scale. Only such linkage will open the door to a well-balanced polyester waste strategy, including (i) the evaluation of the most suited recycling technology at industrial scale, dealing with the mitigation of contaminants, and (ii) its further adoption and design in the context of the overall virgin and recycling market variation.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Volatile fatty acid extraction from fermentation broth using hydrophobic ionic liquid and in-situ enzymatic esterification 利用疏水性离子液体和原位酶法酯化从发酵液中提取挥发性脂肪酸

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1039/d4su00346b

Ramkrishna Singh, Nikhil Kumar, Prathap Parameswaran, Blake A. Simmons, Kenneth L Sale, Ning Sun

{"title":"Volatile fatty acid extraction from fermentation broth using hydrophobic ionic liquid and in-situ enzymatic esterification","authors":"Ramkrishna Singh, Nikhil Kumar, Prathap Parameswaran, Blake A. Simmons, Kenneth L Sale, Ning Sun","doi":"10.1039/d4su00346b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4su00346b","url":null,"abstract":"Efficient recovery of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) from fermentation broth is a challenge due to low VFA titers and thus limit the commercialization of VFA production using biological routes. Liquid-liquid extraction using hydrophobic ionic liquids (ILs) shows great promise for the extraction and esterification of hydrophilic VFAs. In this study, several ILs were evaluated to select a water-immiscible and efficient extraction solvent. The selected IL: trihexyltetradecyl phosphonium dibutylphosphate ([P666,14][DBP]) gave a cumulative VFA extraction of around 842.8 mg/g IL. The predicted excess enthalpy (HE) and logarithmic activity coefficients ln(γ) using the COSMO-RS model were validated with the experimentally obtained VFA recovery from fermentation broth. To understand the extraction mechanism of VFAs, quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and noncovalent interaction (NCI) were performed. The results suggest that long chain fatty acids exhibit strong Van der Waals interaction with DBP anion leading to higher VFA extraction. The enzymatic esterification of VFAs with ethanol in [P666,14][DBP] was optimized using the Box-Behnken response surface design of experiment. Under the optimized conditions, up to 83.7 % of hexanoic acid was converted to ethyl esters, while other shorter chain VFAs has lower conversion efficiency (38.3%-63.2%).","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Activated carbon with composite pore structures made from peanut shell and areca nut fibers as sustainable adsorbent material for the efficient removal of active pharmaceuticals from aqueous media† 用花生壳和猕猴桃纤维制成的具有复合孔隙结构的活性炭作为可持续吸附材料，从水介质中高效去除活性药物

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00262H

Sujata Mandal, Dayana Stephen and Sreeram Kalarical Janardhanan

{"title":"Activated carbon with composite pore structures made from peanut shell and areca nut fibers as sustainable adsorbent material for the efficient removal of active pharmaceuticals from aqueous media†","authors":"Sujata Mandal, Dayana Stephen and Sreeram Kalarical Janardhanan","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00262H","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SU00262H","url":null,"abstract":"The massive growth in the human population, along with an improved healthcare system, resulted in the discharge of a large variety of active pharmaceuticals, including antibiotics, into the water stream leading to genotoxic, mutagenic, and ecotoxicological effects on plants, animals, and human. In this study, cost-effective and environmentally sustainable activated carbon adsorbents with composite pore structures have been prepared from agricultural waste materials, peanut shells and areca nut fibers, through a facile method. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) of two different concentrations (20% and 40%) was used for preparing the activated carbons. All the activated carbon samples showed reasonably high specific surface area (SSA) ranging between 580–780 m2 g−1. The SSA of the activated carbon obtained from peanut shells was higher than those obtained from the areca nut fibers. The adsorption characteristics of the prepared activated carbons were assessed for the common active pharmaceuticals, paracetamol, amoxicillin, and aspirin, in an aqueous medium. The rate of adsorption of the activated carbon was very high, and about 90% of the paracetamol was adsorbed within 5 min of contact. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The paracetamol adsorption capacity of the activated carbons obtained from the Langmuir adsorption isotherm (monolayer) model was 67 mg g−1. Regeneration and reuse of the adsorbent for the removal of paracetamol were also studied for up to 5 cycles. The present research work ensures the “3 Rs” principle [reduce (waste), reuse and recycle] of environmental sustainability.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/su/d4su00262h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Eco-friendly synthesis and enhanced antibacterial action of bimetallic Ag/ZnO nanoparticles using Hylocereus costaricensis stem extract 利用 Hylocereus costaricensis 茎提取物以生态友好方式合成 Ag/ZnO 双金属纳米粒子并增强其抗菌作用

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-11 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00254G

Joel Xaviour, S. Sreelekshmi, Jebin Joseph, S. Alfiya Fathima and T. Sajini

{"title":"Eco-friendly synthesis and enhanced antibacterial action of bimetallic Ag/ZnO nanoparticles using Hylocereus costaricensis stem extract","authors":"Joel Xaviour, S. Sreelekshmi, Jebin Joseph, S. Alfiya Fathima and T. Sajini","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00254G","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SU00254G","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a novel method for generating bimetallic silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles (Ag/ZnO-NPs) using Hylocereus costaricensis (HC) stem extract and microwave irradiation. Silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles were prepared separately during the synthesis process, and they were directly mixed to produce bimetallic Ag/ZnO-NPs. A thorough characterisation was conducted utilising various analytical methods to clarify the formed nanoparticles' structural, morphological and constitutional characteristics. The conventional agar well diffusion technique was then used to assess the Ag/ZnO bimetallic nanoparticles' antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, the two most common human pathogenic bacteria. The characterisation analysis showed the successful synthesis of bimetallic Ag/ZnO-NPs with a cluster-like spherical alloy-type morphology with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 281.7 nm and a direct band gap of 2.90 eV. The antibacterial results revealed that bimetallic Ag/ZnO-NPs have a solid combinatorial antibacterial activity, underscoring their abilities to be effective antibacterial substances from renewable sources. This study opens the door for more in-depth investigation into this topic by enhancing bimetallic nanoparticles and their utilisation in the biomedical field.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/su/d4su00254g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Ionic liquid-based extraction of metal ions via polymer inclusion membranes: a critical review 基于离子液体的聚合物包涵膜金属离子萃取：评论

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1039/D4SU00297K

Babafemi Adigun, Bishnu P. Thapaliya, Huimin Luo and Sheng Dai

{"title":"Ionic liquid-based extraction of metal ions via polymer inclusion membranes: a critical review","authors":"Babafemi Adigun, Bishnu P. Thapaliya, Huimin Luo and Sheng Dai","doi":"10.1039/D4SU00297K","DOIUrl":"10.1039/D4SU00297K","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer Inclusion Membranes (PIMs) have significantly advanced the field of membrane-based separation technologies introducing an innovative method for the selective transport and extraction of metal ions. The incorporation of ionic liquids (ILs) into PIMs leverages the exceptional characteristics of ILs to boost both selectivity and efficiency in the separation of metal ions. This synergy advances metal separation processes towards greener and more sophisticated solutions perfectly aligning with green chemistry and environmental sustainability. This review presents an overview of current knowledge on PIMs including the distinct roles of their different components. It critically assesses the different strategies essential for achieving optimal membrane performance and ensuring stability and selectivity of PIMs. Future research directions are discussed particularly focusing on the understanding of transport dynamics within PIMs and refining membrane compositions to reduce the risk of carrier leakage. These investigations promise to enhance the efficiency and environmental friendliness of metal ion separation propelling the field towards more effective and sustainable practices. This review can serve as a roadmap for ongoing research, promoting the advancement of IL-based extraction of metal ions via PIMs for sustainable and efficient metal separation processes.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/su/d4su00297k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Hydrogen manufacturing – a review and its Sustainability 氢气制造--回顾及其可持续性

RSC sustainability Pub Date : 2024-09-09 DOI: 10.1039/d4su00420e

Satish Vitta

{"title":"Hydrogen manufacturing – a review and its Sustainability","authors":"Satish Vitta","doi":"10.1039/d4su00420e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/d4su00420e","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen is a highly versatile energy vector and most importantly its oxidation which releases energy is a green process with no associated emissions. Hence it is considered as a green alternative which can supply and simultaneously reduce global warming. This gas however does not occur naturally in sufficient quantities and needs to be synthesized using different resources. The two most feasible methods of producing H2 are steam methane reforming process and water splitting by electrolysis. Therefore, these two processes are reviewed first and subsequently a complete sustainability analysis has been performed using currently available data. It is found that input raw materials such as methane and water will be required in ‘giga tonnage’ quantity every year. Although availability of water does not pose supply risk, methane production falls far short of the requirement and becomes a supply risk. The conversion of these into H2 requires energy and results in the production of ‘giga tons’ of CO2. For e.g., the production of 1 giga ton of H2 using the steam methane reforming process requires ~ 3.6 EJ of energy and releases ~ 10 giga tons of CO2. The water splitting electrolysis on the other hand requires ~ 198 EJ of energy and releases anywhere from 102 giga tons to 220 giga tons of CO2 depending on the electricity generation mix. Additionally, they also create ecological impact in the form of acidification, marine toxicity, particulate emissions and so on which affects all life forms on earth. This analysis clearly shows that complete transitioning to H2 based energy supply is not sustainable and only a fraction of the energy needs can be supplemented.","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0