RSC sustainability最新文献

{"title":"Photocatalytic dissolution of cellulose for hydrogen and nanofiber production: unveiling crucial factors via experiments and informatics","authors":"Atsushi Kobayashi, Atsushi Miura and Keisuke Takahashi","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00054H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00054H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The efficient utilization of biomass resources and solar energy is necessary for next-generation sustainable carbon-neutral societies. Although cellulose is the most abundant biomass on Earth, its utilization as a carbon resource is hampered by its strongly stabilized polymer-bundled structure. In this study, a new photoredox cascade catalyst (<strong>PRCC</strong>) conversion system was developed by combining dual-dye-sensitized Pt-cocatalyst-loaded TiO<small>₂</small> nanoparticle photocatalysts (<strong>DDSP</strong>s) and a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (TEMPO) oxidation catalyst for the production of cellulose nanofibers and hydrogen from various cellulose substrates (powder, paper, sponge, and wood pellets) under blue light irradiation without the use of strong acids/bases. UV-vis absorption and emission spectroscopy revealed that the loaded amount of the Ru(<small>II</small>) dye on the TiO<small>₂</small> surface was successfully controlled in the range of 353–667 nmol/1 mg TiO<small>₂</small>, and the immobilization order of two Ru(<small>II</small>) dyes significantly affected the energy- and electron-transfer behaviors between the Ru(<small>II</small>) dyes and TiO<small>₂</small> nanoparticles. Our systematic evaluation of the photocatalytic activity and machine learning analysis of 12 different <strong>DDSP</strong>s revealed that the immobilization order of the two Ru(<small>II</small>) dyes, full coverage of the TiO<small>₂</small> nanoparticle surface with suitable Ru(<small>II</small>) dye molecules, and Zr<small>⁴⁺</small> cation loading are crucial factors for achieving a high apparent quantum yield for the hydrogen-evolving <strong>PRCC</strong> conversion of cellulose to nanofibers (max. 1.62% at 467 nm excitation for the initial 1 h of reaction in a 0.3 M cellulose aqueous dispersion). The findings contribute to the development of an environmentally benign photocatalytic approach for the conversion of cellulosic biomass as a carbon resource into valuable organic products.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 10","pages":" 4688-4702"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00054h?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fe(MIL-53) metal–organic framework as a facile and sustainable Lewis acidic catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of xanthene derivatives","authors":"Ganesapandian Latha, Natarajan Saravanakumar, Nainamalai Devarajan, Kamaraj Shivaranjan and Palaniswamy Suresh","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00191A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00191A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The catalytic application of the easily preparable Fe(MIL-53) MOF was demonstrated as a sustainable solid Lewis acidic catalyst in synthesising pharmaceutically essential xanthenes under mild conditions. The Fe(MIL-53) MOF catalyst was synthesised and characterised using various analytical tools such as PXRD, FTIR, SEM, TGA and ICP-OES. The presence of a high concentration of coordinatively unsaturated Fe<small>³⁺</small> sites in Fe(MIL-53) can efficiently catalyse the formation of xanthenes in the presence of a catalytic amount (1.36 mg) of MOF using environmentally friendly, non-toxic and renewable ethanol as the medium. A series of substituted xanthenes were synthesised in good to excellent yield with wide functional group tolerance. The present methodology avoids the usage of any strong reagents and uses stoichiometric amounts of the catalyst. The catalytic comparison studies with other homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic systems proved the efficiency of the present Fe(MIL-53) MOF catalyst. The hot-filtration test and reusability profile prove the stability and sustainability of this catalyst, which were also supported by PXRD, FTIR and SEM analysis of the reused catalyst.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 10","pages":" 4746-4758"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00191a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An environmentally sensitive method for rapid monitoring of 6PPD-quinone in aqueous samples using solid phase extraction and direct sample introduction with liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry","authors":"Xiangjun Liao, Andrew R. S. Ross and Tanya M. Brown","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00170F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00170F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The tire rubber antioxidant derivative <em>N</em>-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-<em>N</em>′-<em>p</em>-phenyl-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) has been linked to toxic injury and death of coho salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus kisutch</em>) in Northeastern Pacific urban watersheds. The chemical is known to be lethal to coho salmon at relatively low and environmentally relevant concentrations. We have developed a new and environmentally sensitive method for rapid monitoring of 6PPD-Q at concentrations ranging from less than 2 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> to over 1400 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> in water samples collected from creeks. Sample analysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) following solid phase extraction (SPE) or dilution and direct introduction (dilute-and-shoot or DnS) was investigated. Limits of quantification were 1.74 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> for DnS-LC-MS/MS and 0.03 ng L<small>⁻¹</small> for SPE-LC-MS/MS using 9.6 mL of water sample, which was 3.3 times lower than the lowest reported limit of quantification (0.1 ng L<small>⁻¹</small>) obtained with 500 mL of sample. The method used up to 99% less solvent during extraction than established procedures, leading to an equivalent reduction in the amount of waste generated. Sample storage space was also reduced due to the small volumes of sample required for analysis and the smaller bottles needed to collect these samples. The method was evaluated by comparing results with those obtained by a commercial laboratory using established procedures, which showed good agreement (<em>r</em><small>²</small> = 0.982). This environmentally friendly and cost effective strategy for 6PPD-quinone analysis may be applied to other chemical monitoring studies in order to optimize sample storage and solvent usage while covering a wide range of analyte concentrations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 10","pages":" 4811-4817"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00170f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioactive compounds in coffee husk: extraction, functional properties, applications, and sustainable approach in circular economy","authors":"M. Azam Ali and Shuva Bhowmik","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00531K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00531K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Coffee is widely regarded as one of the most popular beverages globally, due to its availability, health benefits, and consumer preferences. Nevertheless, the whole process from coffee production to consumption generates nearly two billion tons of solid waste annually, with coffee husk accounting for approximately ten million tons of that waste. Coffee husk is considered the primary co-product generated during the dry processing of coffee, and most of it is directly disposed of in landfills. The mismanagement of coffee husk leads to environmental pollution, impacting both coffee production and its sustainability. Thus, the sustainable utilisation of coffee husk is essential for promoting a circular economy and reducing environmental pollution. In this case, utilising coffee husk for low to moderate added-value products or extracting bioactive compounds for high-value products presents an innovative approach to promoting sustainability. This strategy could enhance the value of coffee husk while contributing to environmental sustainability. However, this review largely emphasises the key bioactive compounds in coffee husk, along with their extraction methods, functional properties, cytotoxicity, digestibility, and various applications. The findings of the current review elucidated that coffee husk extract contains bioactive compounds with strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, sensing, and biocompatibility properties. These qualities enhance digestibility and gut microbiota, providing health benefits and potential applications in food, pharmaceuticals, and biomedical fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 10","pages":" 4410-4425"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00531k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in lead-free perovskite solar cell design via SCAPS-1D simulations","authors":"Vívian Helene Diniz Araújo, Ana Flávia Nogueira, Juliana Cristina Tristão and Leandro José dos Santos","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00526D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00526D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention over the past decade due to their high performance. However, challenges such as moisture sensitivity and the toxicity of certain constituents remain barriers to their commercialization. Tin, germanium, and other elements with optoelectronic properties similar to those of lead have emerged as promising substitutes for the B-site metal in PSCs. Theoretical studies have played a crucial role in elucidating how specific material and structural parameters influence photovoltaic behavior. Among the most prominent tools for simulating thin-film solar cells in recent years, open-source SCAPS-1D software stands out as a valuable resource. Therefore, this article presents a comprehensive review of 54 simulation studies, using SCAPS-1D, published between 2016 and 2025, focusing on lead-free PSCs. In total, 26 studies on Sn-based PSCs and 28 on perovskites with alternative B-site metals were analyzed to evaluate how simulations have contributed to understanding device performance with lead substitutes. This review also provides an overview of the current research landscape and highlights promising directions for advancing environmentally benign, lead-free PSCs through SCAPS modeling. The studies discussed in this review show a prevailing tendency to simulate PSCs in regular rather than inverted configuration. In many cases, the defect density assumed for the absorber layer is set at ideal values or even below 10<small>¹³</small> cm<small>⁻³</small>, which potentially limits the accuracy of predictions. Among the strategies adopted to improve performance, composition engineering emerged as the most prominent.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 10","pages":" 4314-4335"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00526d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recycled electrode-based lithium-ion capacitors: an efficient route for transforming LIB waste into high-performance energy storage devices","authors":"Subhajit Bhowmik, Tausif Ahamad Ansari, Madhushri Bhar and Surendra K. Martha","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00413F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00413F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The rapid proliferation of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has amplified concerns, with waste levels predicted to reach 1.1 million tons by 2030. Current recycling efforts predominantly focus on either recovering critical metals such as lithium, nickel, and copper or the direct regeneration of electrode materials. However, a gap exists in fully utilizing these materials to create high-value products while recovering only metals. Besides, direct regeneration involves challenges due to impurities, material degradation, complex separation techniques, and difficulties restoring the original performances. Therefore, this study explores innovative upcycling strategies to efficiently repurpose cathode and anode materials from spent LIBs into lithium-ion capacitors (LICs) through a simplified and effective approach. Herein, mixed cobalt oxide (mCO-R), generated from the spent LiCoO<small>₂</small> and activated graphene oxide (AGO-R), developed from the spent graphite, is utilized as an anode and cathode material for LICs, respectively, after coating onto a carbon fiber (CF) mat. Switching from a Cu current collector to a carbon fiber backbone is crucial in boosting Li-ion storage, accommodating volume changes in the internal void spaces, and providing mechanical stability. The resulting LIC delivers an energy density and power maxima of 206 Wh kg<small>⁻¹</small> and 7560 W kg<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively, rendering 75% retention after prolonged durability of 10 000 cycles. Thus, the approach not only supports a circular economy offering sustainable solutions to mitigate LIB waste but also contributes to the rising demand for renewable energy storage, showcasing the value derived from end-of-life LIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 10","pages":" 4677-4687"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00413f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Waving the green flag: incorporating sustainable and green chemistry practices into research and education","authors":"Marissa L. Clapson, Greg Bannard, Gagan Daliaho, Jasmine Hong, Emma Davy, Julia Pitsiaeli, Connor S. Durfy and Shauna Schechtel.","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00554J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00554J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Education and research in green chemistry has become an increasingly important topic in recent years. However, definitions and understanding of sustainability metrics and strategies remains unclear in many fields. Similarly, the link between sustainability in chemistry and chemistry's impact on society is often overlooked. Using methods like systems thinking, life cycle analysis, and green chemistry principles, researchers can begin to probe the sustainability of chemical systems. Developing a stronger understanding of the roles of various stakeholders in policy creation is likewise imperative in the integration of data driven policy towards the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and chemistry for net-zero. Together, with a stronger background in sustainable development, researchers and policymakers can carve a path towards a more sustainable global future. Herein, we describe a series of inquiry-based and gamified active learning techniques applied during the “Waving the Green Flag” symposium hosted at the 2024 Canadian Chemistry Conference and Exhibition. Activities are focused on exploring the methods described above through a polymer chemistry approach, a hot topic in current sustainability research. The activities work to guide participants in the development and implementation of green chemistry initiatives into their own research and practice while providing an entry point to explore the bridge between academic research and policy. Recommendations for activity adaptations for classroom applications are provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 10","pages":" 4492-4503"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00554j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Farm to cable: life cycle assessment of carbon electrocatalysts derived from coffee waste","authors":"Shir Tabac-Agam, Amir Shefy, Syeda M. Zahan, Thierry K. Slot, Shelly Burda, Dario R. Dekel, Sabrina Spatari and David Eisenberg","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00618J","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00618J","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To realize the full potential of biomass waste-derived electrodes, their synthesis must be fully reproducible and their environmental life cycle impact must be assessed quantitatively. We now show how a systematic comparison of coffee waste as a source for direct hydrazine fuel cell anodes can inform the first full life cycle assessment (LCA) of this application. The result is a practical process yielding active and replicable materials, whose quantified environmental footprint points to actionable avenues for further development.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 10","pages":" 4451-4456"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00618j?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functionalized AuNP-mycelial composites as engineered living materials for sustainable mercury remediation","authors":"Juwon S. Afolayan and Carole C. Perry","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00556F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00556F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Heavy metal contamination, particularly mercury (Hg<small>²⁺</small>), poses severe environmental and health risks even at trace levels. Current methods face challenges such as high costs, secondary pollution, and structural complexity, which limit global adaptability. This study presents a naturally templated engineered living material (ELM) using <em>Aspergillus niger</em> mycelia functionalized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for effective mercury bioremediation. A rapid colorimetric detection system using surface-modified AuNPs, either with conventional reductant (borate), nutrient (glucose), antibiotic (cefaclor), or ionic compound (citrate), achieved a response within 5 seconds with a detection limit down to 5 μM. Biofilters generated from AuNP-bound mycelia demonstrated efficient mercury removal, reducing Hg<small>²⁺</small> from 5 ppb to 0.5 ppb, outperforming conventional polyethylene filters (Pierce™ 30 μM), and meeting World Health Organization (WHO) safety standards. The material maintained consistent performance over five reuse cycles (without any structural deformation, allowing for additional use cycles), with progressive mercury desorption for potential recovery. Growth conditions (nitrogen sources, AuNP concentration, surface functionalization, and duration of growth) could be used to influence AuNP assembly, fungal physiology, and activity of the composite materials. This scalable and cost-effective approach integrates nanotechnology with fungal bioremediation, providing a sustainable, adaptable solution for heavy metal pollution control.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 10","pages":" 4703-4713"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00556f?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disaccharides as substrates and mechanistic probes for efficient carbohydrate conversion to formic acid in water near room temperature","authors":"Stefan S. Warthegau, Mette-Maya Siewertsen, Robert Madsen and Sebastian Meier","doi":"10.1039/D5SU00588D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SU00588D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Formate is a hydrogen carrier that can be obtained by the oxidation of carbohydrates with hydrogen peroxide under aqueous alkaline conditions near room temperature. The most relevant route among various conceivable pathways for glucose degradation has only recently been clarified. The conversion of biomass-derived disaccharides such as maltose from starch and cellobiose from cellulose into formate could further support the green production of formate. The mechanism, intermediates, side products, and effect of the substrate structure (such as α- <em>vs.</em> β-linkages or the presence of reducing <em>vs.</em> non-reducing ends) remain poorly understood for the conversion of <em>O</em>-glycosidically linked carbohydrates. Here, we close these gaps and show that stoichiometric amounts of base and a surplus of hydrogen peroxide can lead to a near-quantitative and surprisingly rapid conversion of disaccharides to &gt;97% organic carbon in formate. Real-time observations show that glucose is the main intermediate, indicating that the accessibility of the aldehyde groups in stable glucopyranosyl rings is a limiting factor. Side products include glycosylated aldonic acids, which derive from aldose-to-ketose isomerization near the reducing end. This transformation, known as the Lobry de Bruyn–Van Ekenstein transformation, facilitates partial oxidation pathways leading to stable glycosylated <strong>C10</strong> and <strong>C11</strong> acids. Higher concentrations of H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> suppress isomerization by favoring direct oxidative cleavage, thus minimizing these side products. The absence of disaccharide byproducts, the near-complete conversion of reducing and non-reducing glucopyranosyl residues in disaccharides, and the effect of radical scavengers provide further mechanistic understanding. The combination of quantitative NMR, isotope labeling, and real-time reaction tracking thus provides novel insight into the efficient conversion of disaccharides to formate.</p>","PeriodicalId":74745,"journal":{"name":"RSC sustainability","volume":" 10","pages":" 4785-4793"},"PeriodicalIF":4.9,"publicationDate":"2025-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/su/d5su00588d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}