Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"Fundamental operations of the political in Beckett's <i>Molloy</i>.","authors":"Paul Stewart","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19926.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19926.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The political novel might be defined in terms of \"genre,\" or a novel's overt intervention within a pre-established political field. However, this chapter contends that the process of personal individuation and incorporation within the State (or <i>polis</i>) is the fundamental operation of the political within the novel as a form. In order to sketch out the parallel, and paradoxical, operation of becoming an individual subject at the same time as, and in relation to, incorporation into a wider social state, this chapter examines how Samuel Beckett's <i>Molloy</i> (1951) plots the resistance of its eponymous protagonist against both benign and coercive attempts to (a) define him as an individual, and (b) to assimilate him into the social body on that basis. Drawing on the works of Aristotle, Agamben, Bersani and Rancière, the chapter focuses on Molloy's methods of avoidance of becoming a state-recognised and state-sanctioned subject and reads this avoidance as a form of resistance to the established <i>polity</i>. It is argued that Beckett's non-relational art, of which <i>Molloy</i> is an early example, raises important theoretical issues concerning the interconnectivity of the political and the novel at a fundamental level. If the novel is dependent on just the sort of process that Molloy resists - that is on claims of individuality and relation -, can the novel as a form actively resist the political and resist assimilation and incorporation into a pre-established <i>polis</i>?</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"141"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12280865/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrating ethical and legal frameworks in multi-hazard disaster risk management.","authors":"Zia Lennard","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20093.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.20093.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Contemporary disaster risk management (DRM) is increasingly challenged by the growing frequency and severity of natural hazards, exacerbated by climate change and complex societal interactions. Traditional approaches fall short in addressing interdependencies among multiple hazards and their cascading impacts. The European MEDiate project aims to develop an integrated Decision Support System (DSS) that effectively captures multi-hazard dynamics, emphasizing ethical compliance, fundamental human rights, and participatory engagement. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the legal frameworks and fundamental rights considerations underpinning the development of the MEDiate DSS. Additionally, it explores diverse case studies across European regions to illustrate practical applications, current trends, ongoing challenges, and identifies opportunities for future research and innovation. Utilizing advanced methodologies, the DSS synthesizes real-time data with socio-economic indicators to deliver actionable insights for risk mitigation and adaptive response. Validated through extensive Participatory Action Research (PAR) across diverse European testbeds, MEDiate provides a flexible and resilient framework tailored to local and regional DRM contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171713/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-protocol of the Virtual Spatial Configuration Task (VSCT): A Novel Virtual Reality-Based Tool for Assessing Cognitive Map Formation Abilities.","authors":"Alberto Massimiliano Umiltà, Giorgio Li Pira, Ford Burles, Giovanni Ottoboni, Alessia Tessari","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19436.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19436.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study proposes the validation of the Virtual Spatial Configuration Task (VSCT), a novel task designed to evaluate cognitive map formation abilities in participants. Addressing a notable gap in spatial cognition research, particularly in the assessment of higher-level spatial abilities in 3D environments, the VSCT offers a virtual reality (VR) approach that allows users to explore and recall spatial relationships between landmarks. This task is particularly innovative for populations with impaired mobility, as it simplifies navigation by restricting movement to rotational exploration, thus improving accessibility and reducing motion sickness. Furthermore, the VSCT could serve a dual purpose: assessing spatial orientation skills while also providing a platform for training and improving these skills post-injury. The potential applications of this tool extend to neurorehabilitation and other therapeutic interventions, offering an engaging, immersive method for enhancing spatial abilities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12501587/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions, cartographies, and 'cartographies of time' in the political novel.","authors":"Tomasz Mizerkiewicz","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19924.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19924.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The paper examines the relation of the form of political novel to perceptions. Three possibilities are analysed. First, when the political novel shares perceptions of the hegemonic power. Second, when the novel trains how to suspiciously and critically reveal hegemonic manipulations of perceptions. Third, where the form of the novel enhances and emancipates perceptive faculties of readers and allows them to project new democratic activities. This three-fold relation is also referred to cartographic activities (including cartographies of time) as depicted in political novels.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12308170/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144755306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Navigating the challenges of passenger name record data and the way forward.","authors":"Christiana Aposkiti, Freideriki Makri","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18037.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18037.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The TENACITy EU-funded project investigates the multifaceted challenges surrounding the utilisation of Passenger Name Record (PNR) data following the implementation of the PNR Directive (EU) 2016/681, which marks a significant shift in EU air travel intelligence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed a combination of research and survey methodologies to gather data from various stakeholders involved in the implementation of the PNR Directive. The survey focused on identifying the key obstacles faced by Passenger Information Units (PIUs), including the absence of standardised practices and issues of data quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings highlight two primary obstacles confronting PIUs: the lack of standardised practices among stakeholders and the poor quality of PNR data. Additionally, fragmented implementation and certain regulatory barriers were identified as factors that present challenges to the optimal utilisation of PNR data for counterterrorism and crime prevention efforts.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Addressing these challenges requires nuanced solutions, with technological tools presenting potential remedies to operational constraints. There is a collective call for mandating specific data elements to enhance the effectiveness of PNR data utilisation. This paper provides insights and recommendations to enhance PIUs' capabilities, contributing to the ongoing discourse on EU travel intelligence.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12395126/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144981793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A phylogenetic classification of the Je language family.","authors":"Fabrício Ferraz Gerardi, Tim Wientzek, Ivan Roksandic, Jonas Gregorio de Souza, Fernando Orphão de Carvalho","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19346.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19346.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>This study investigates the Je language family and Macro-Je phylum, addressing a significant gap in previous research by applying quantitative methods to its classification.</p><p><strong>Dataset: </strong>The study compares a subset of 303 concepts from 14 languages, primarily sourced from Swadesh lists and culturally relevant terms, providing a robust foundation for phylogenetic analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Bayesian phylogenetic inference and NeighborNet methods were employed to analyze the dataset. These approaches enabled the reconstruction of evolutionary relationships within the Je family, facilitating the identification of language divergence patterns and their historical dynamics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The analysis reveals well-supported Northern, Central, and Southern subgroups within the Je family, demonstrating clear geographical clustering. The phylogenetic tree aligns with existing hypotheses while offering new insights into the family's structure.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings were contextualized within pre-Columbian archaeological frameworks, drawing parallels between linguistic divergence and material culture. These connections support the hypothesis that the Je language family's development aligns with distinct cultural and geographical distributions observed in archaeological records.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and future directions: </strong>This study affirms the genetic coherence of the Je family and highlights opportunities for future research, including the incorporation of non-Je languages in the Macro-Je phylum and expanded datasets to refine the understanding of this diverse linguistic group.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138499/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facilitating remote and virtual access provision by European research infrastructures - requirements, issues, and recommendations.","authors":"Michael Raess, Omran Alhaddad, Johanna Bischof, John Dolan, Ayoub El Ghadraoui, Menattallah Elserafy, Marco Galeotti, Ulla Lächele, Xavier Meyer, Oguz Ozkan, Ivan Rodero, Hannele Savela, John Shepherdson, Vanessa Spadetto, Valentina Tegas, Susanne Vainio, Alen Vodopijevec, Bonnie Wolff-Boenisch, Claudia Alen Amaro, Annika Thies","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18023.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18023.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research infrastructures (RIs) are strategic assets facilitating innovation and knowledge advancement across all scientific disciplines. They provide researchers with advanced tools and resources that go beyond individual or institutional capacities and promote collaboration, community-building and the application of scientific standards. Remote and virtual access to RIs enables scientists to use these essential resources without the necessity of being physically present. The COVID-19 pandemic restrictions where a catalyst for the expansion and further development of remote and virtual access models, particularly in fields where physical access had been the predominant model. The eRImote project collected the experiences gained in different scientific fields through targeted surveys, stakeholder workshops, expert groups discussions, and the analysis of specific use cases, with the aim of identifying good practice and presenting recommendations. This paper provides a definition of remote and virtual access and remote training and explores their implementation across various RIs, highlighting the implications for their operational processes and the dynamics of interaction between RIs and their user communities. It presents the identified advantages, obstacles, and best-practices, alongside strategies and recommendations to navigate and mitigate challenges effectively. Key issues and recommendations are summed up separately for remote access, virtual access, and remote training, complemented by general recommendations for facilitating remote and virtual access to RIs. These relate to budgeting and funding, the balancing of RI access models, the need for regulatory frameworks for sample shipments, collaboration among RIs, impact assessment of remote and virtual access on user interactions, operational efficiency and the environment footprint of RIs, and the adaption of data sharing policies. Stakeholders were broadly invited to give their feedback on the paper's findings and conclusions, which were integrated into an improved version of this paper.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11364971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genealogy, critique, and decolonisation: Ibn Khaldun and moving beyond filling the gaps.","authors":"Sertaç Sehlikoglu","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16148.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.16148.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this paper is to locate critique at the intersections of the genealogy of knowledge in anthropological thinking and the decolonising movement. The paper approaches the decolonising movement as one of the most crucial points in anthropological thinking. It is built on the premise that the decolonising movement is set to go beyond filling the gaps in genealogies and it can do so by: (1) revising the 'dismissed' genealogies that have contributed to the formation of the contemporary classical theory and (2) thinking creatively in implementing the critical thinking tools to the dismissed scholarship, in an equal manner to the Eurocentric scholarship. To illustrate, it uses the case of Ibn Khaldun, an Arab scholar of social sciences and historical analysis from the 14 ^th Century, often referred to as the first sociologist. On the one hand, his influence on classical Western thinking is largely dismissed. On the other hand, as a counter-response to this dismissal, the new Islamic revivalist intelligentsia in the Muslim right engages with him in a selective manner that not only rejects that central critical thinking but, even worse, sanctions the local regimes of power, including that local canon. By locating his scholarship to multiple tropes in anthropological theory and reading his evolutionist thinking vis-à-vis the post-colonial literature in anthropology and sociology, I question the limits and possibilities of critical thinking within and beyond the decolonising movement.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12177447/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144334589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the driving forces of CO ₂ emissions in the European Union.","authors":"Juan Cámara-Aceituno, Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez, Julio Terrados-Cepeda, Andrés Rivadeneira-Zambrano, Ángel Mena-Nieto, Antonio A Golpe, Jose-Enrique Garcia-Ramos","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20224.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20224.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The analysis of the evolution of CO ₂ emissions of a given region is of key interest to understand the effect of past policies and to better design the future ones. The 27 European Union countries (EU) constitute a unique region for such a study because it has a strong common policy for reducing CO ₂ emissions and, therefore, it is of great interest to measure its influence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed the logarithmic-mean Divisia index (LMDI) technique, an expanded version of the Kaya identity, the Tapio decoupling method, and convergence and cluster analysis. This study examined the driving forces behind CO ₂ emissions, including population, economic activity, energy intensity, and energy sources. The period under study is 1990-2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results obtained for the 27 member states were diverse. However, some common patterns have emerged: economic activity is the primary driver of CO ₂ emissions, while energy intensity plays a crucial role in reducing emissions, even more than the contribution from renewable energies. The analysis reveals a consistent decline in recent years attributed to rigorous EU policies to meet the CO ₂ emissions target outlined in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Notably, countries with longer-standing EU memberships tend to exhibit more positive outcomes. Additionally, a study on the convergence of the 27 countries reveals the existence of several clusters and clubs of convergence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers valuable insights for evaluating the energy and environmental policies of EU countries, serving as a valuable resource for energy policymakers worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMIP6-based global estimates of future aridity index and potential evapotranspiration for 2021-2060.","authors":"Robert J Zomer, Jianchu Xu, Donatella Spano, Antonio Trabucco","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18110.4","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18110.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"Future_Global_AI_PET Database\" provides high-resolution (30 arc-seconds) average annual and monthly global estimates of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and aridity index (AI) for 22 CMIP6 Earth System Models for two future (2021-2041; 2041-2060) and two historical (1960-1990; 1970-2000) time periods, for each of four shared socio-economic pathways (SSP). Three multimodel ensemble averages are also provided (All; Majority Consensus, High Risk) with different level of risks linked to climate model uncertainty. An overview of the methodological approach, geospatial implementation and a technical evaluation of the results is provided. Historical results were compared for technical validation with weather station data ( <i>PET: r</i> ² = 0 <i>.72; AI: r</i> ² = <i>0.91</i>) and the CRU_TS v 4.04 dataset ( <i>PET: r</i> ² = 0 <i>.67;</i> AI: <i>r</i> ² = 0 <i>.80</i>). Within the context of projected significant change in the near- and medium-term, the \"Future_Global_AI_PET Database\" provides a set of data projections and tools available for a variety of scientific and practical applications, illustrating trends and magnitude of predicted climatic and eco-hydrological impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. The Future_Global_AI_PET Database is archived in the ScienceDB repository and available online at: https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.nbsdc.00086.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}