Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"Prevalence and individual level enablers and barriers for COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adult tuberculosis patients attending selected clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Boru Waqo, George Makalliwa, Caroline Musita","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17767.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17767.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Although vaccination is impactful public health intervention in curbing the spread of infectious disease, low uptake is a significant concern, especially among high-risk population groups. Nearly half of the population is unvaccinated in Nairobi with highest TB and COVID-19 burden, yet there is dearth of vaccination information on tuberculosis patients. The interplay of several factors influences uptake, and protecting this vulnerable group and the general population from severe disease, hospitalization, and deaths is worthy. The study sought to determine the prevalence and individual level enablers and barriers for COVID-19 vaccine uptake among adult Tuberculosis patients attending selected clinics in Nairobi County, Kenya. Methods This cross-sectional mixed-method study was conducted at Tuberculosi clinics across six sub-counties in Nairobi County. It included 388 participants sampled from each clinic’s Tuberculosis register. Quantitative data was collected using a questionnaire, and qualitative data was collected through key informant interviews and focus group discussions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean standard deviation for continuous variables) and inferential statistics (logistic regression). Qualitative data was analyzed through deductive coding and thematic analysis. Results The prevalence of COVID-19 vaccination was 46.1%, with 38.1% receiving complete vaccination. Mistrust in vaccine management (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)= 0.075, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.025-0.229, p <0.001) was a significant barrier to COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Perceived covid-19 susceptibility (aOR = 2.901, 95% CI: 1.258-6.688, p = 0.012) and perceived covid-19 seriousness (aOR = 3.294, 95% CI: 1.130-9.604, p = 0.029) were significant enablers of COVID-19 vaccine uptake. Qualitative themes related to individual-level barriers (were fear of side effects, stigma, myths, and mistrust) and enablers (desire to protect others and risk perception). Conclusions Low COVID-19 vaccine prevalence, mistrust as barrier and risk perception as enablers for COVID-19 uptake among TB patients in Nairobi, Kenya.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"88 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of the autolysis of rainbow trout viscera for amino acid release using response surface methodology","authors":"Haizea Domínguez, B. Iñarra, J. Labidi, C. Bald","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17646.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17646.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Due to the huge amounts of their production in Europe, their environmental impact, and the difficulty in processing them, there is a clear necessity for the valorization of rainbow trout viscera. Considering that the production of fishmeal with viscera can be problematic, and in order to make viscera more profitable, the production of fish protein hydrolysates has been considered. Although silage and enzymatic hydrolysis are the most common methods for obtaining hydrolysates, autolysis has emerged as an alternative method that uses endogenous enzymes of the viscera. Methods Considering the stability and characteristics of the enzymes, a factorial design was carried out using three variables: pH, temperature, and water content. The design resulted in 15 experiments, and the results were analyzed using response surface methodology. The optimum parameters were validated by comparing the predicted outcomes with experimental results. Additionally, a kinetics study was conducted to shorten the autolysis time. Results from autolysis were compared with those from silage and enzymatic hydrolysis in a previous study. Results The optimal conditions for achieving the highest degree of hydrolysis and yield of free amino acids (FAAs) per 100 g of viscera and per total protein were determined to be a pH of 8, a temperature of 40 ºC, and a water content of 6.85%. The pH and content of the added water were found to be significant variables during autolysis (p < 0.05). The kinetic study showed that 7 h was still required to be effective. Conclusions Autolysis achieved a lower degree of hydrolysis than silage; however, as it solubilized more protein, the global yield of free amino acids per 100 g of viscera was slightly higher. It was concluded that endogenous alkaline proteases could be used in an autolytic process to obtain a free amino acid-rich hydrolysate from trout viscera.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141663523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scientific Data Spaces - Experiences from the EGI-ACE project","authors":"G. Sipos, Giuseppe La Rocca, Fabrizio Antonio, D. Elia, P. Nassisi, Sandro Fiore, Raul Bardají, Ivan Rodero","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17418.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17418.1","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the approach adopted by the EGI-ACE project for the setup and delivery of Data Spaces for various scientific domains. The work was implemented by members of the EGI e-infrastructure and of several European Research Infrastructures in the context of the European Open Science Cloud programme. Our results are several Data Space services that enable the reuse and exploitation of open, scientific big data for compute intensive use cases. The paper illustrates the EGI-ACE approach through two examples: (1) EMSO ERIC Data Portal for seafloor and water column research and (2) ENES Data Space for climate research.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"119 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141665302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking GLAMs as commons: a conceptual framework.","authors":"Vasilis Avdikos, Mina Dragouni, Martha Michailidou, Dimitris Pettas","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16473.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16473.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this paper, we reflect on 'new commons' theory and elaborate on the ontology of memory institutions with the aim to develop a comprehensive conceptual framework for 'commons-oriented' GLAMs (Galleries, Libraries, Archives and Museums). In doing so, we propose an alternative for governing and managing cultural heritage against a backdrop of limited public funding and pressures for developing memory institutions into more inclusive, participatory and 'entrepreneurial' organisations. Our theoretical analysis is grounded in the review of the extant literature, including both the 'Ostromian' and 'Autonomist' schools of thought, drawing particularly on the new commons (urban, digital, cultural/heritage commons) to inform our framework. The conceptual schema we present here is adapted to fit with the idiosyncrasies of the sector, describing the functioning of commoning practices in GLAMs. Such a framework is critical for navigating future research and devising workable solutions to address current challenges for memory institutions in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"3 ","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11267147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141763153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Science development study for the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST): Solar and stellar observations","authors":"S. Wedemeyer, Miroslav Barta, R. Braǰsa, Yi Chai, Joaquim Costa, Dale Gary, Guillermo Gimenez de Castro, Stanislav Gunar, Gregory D. Fleishman, Antonio S. Hales, Hugh S. Hudson, Mats Kirkaune, A. Mohan, Galina Motorina, A. Pellizzoni, Maryam Saberi, C. Selhorst, Paulo J. A. Simoes, M. Shimojo, I. Skokić, D. Sudar, F. Menezes, Stephen M. White, Mark Booth, Pamela Klaassen, C. Cicone, T. Mroczkowski, M. Cordiner, L. Di Mascolo, Doug Johnstone, Eelco van Kampen, Minju Lee, Daizhong Liu, Thomas Maccarone, J. Orlowski-Scherer, A. Saintonge, Matthew Smith, A. Thelen","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17453.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17453.1","url":null,"abstract":"Observations at (sub-)millimeter wavelengths offer a complementary perspective on our Sun and other stars, offering significant insights into both the thermal and magnetic composition of their chromospheres. Despite the fundamental progress in (sub-)millimeter observations of the Sun, some important aspects require diagnostic capabilities that are not offered by existing observatories. In particular, simultaneously observations of the radiation continuum across an extended frequency range would facilitate the mapping of different layers and thus ultimately the 3D structure of the solar atmosphere. Mapping large regions on the Sun or even the whole solar disk at a very high temporal cadence would be crucial for systematically detecting and following the temporal evolution of flares, while synoptic observations, i.e., daily maps, over periods of years would provide an unprecedented view of the solar activity cycle in this wavelength regime. As our Sun is a fundamental reference for studying the atmospheres of active main sequence stars, observing the Sun and other stars with the same instrument would unlock the enormous diagnostic potential for understanding stellar activity and its impact on exoplanets. The Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST), a single-dish telescope with 50m aperture proposed to be built in the Atacama desert in Chile, would be able to provide these observational capabilities. Equipped with a large number of detector elements for probing the radiation continuum across a wide frequency range, AtLAST would address a wide range of scientific topics including the thermal structure and heating of the solar chromosphere, flares and prominences, and the solar activity cycle. In this white paper, the key science cases and their technical requirements for AtLAST are discussed.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"80 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141664634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Railway security checks at the border: between intrusive security technologies and fundamental traveller rights","authors":"Kacper Kubrak, Grigore M. Havârneanu","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17727.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17727.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background European railway borders are facing a particular exposure to security threats and need a delicate securitization and free movement, especially amid globalisation, the current geopolitical landscape and increased migrant flows. For example, the war in Ukraine illustrated the challenges experienced at the Eastern EU borders by the refugee migration surge in early 2022. Methods This paper will focus on the European border security control process from the rail border perspective. It will encompass the lessons learned from the UIC Refugee Task Force as well as insights from the ongoing EU-funded Horizon Europe project ODYSSEUS (Unobtrusive Technologies for Secure and Seamless Border Crossing for Travel Facilitation). Project ODYSSEUS aims to support the security and integrity of the European space, reduce illegal movements of people and goods across EU borders, facilitate travelling for citizens all while protecting fundamental rights of travellers. Results The project will test a combination of multi-behavioural and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliant biometric user identity verification tools, allowing citizens to cross EU border without any interruption or queue. Further, novel luggage and baggage checks will allow citizens’ vehicles and cargos to be remotely checked at land borders to speed up the border check processes in a secure and reliable manner. The project will run three pilot tests at road, rail and water borders. Conclusion In this paper, we analyse the implementation of project’s technologies in the rail border crossing pilot test and discuss the implications for the actors involved in the process of railway border crossing (e.g., border authorities, railway operators and railway travellers).","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"104 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among young people living with HIV and attending selected HIV clinics in selected sub-counties of Nairobi, Kenya","authors":"Nomsa Phiri, Susan Mambo, Careena Otieno Odawa","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17611.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17611.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Young people living with HIV in Sub-Saharan Africa account for the largest proportion of the vulnerable population in the world. Kenya has little evidence to showcase the utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among young people living with HIV. Nairobi County has one of the highest HIV burdens among adolescents and youth in the country. Consequently, assessing the factors associated with the utilization of sexual and reproductive health services among young people aged 15–24 years living with HIV motivates this study. Methods A health facility-based cross-sectional study design with convergent parallel mixed methods technique was used. Purposive sampling with predetermined criteria was used to select six high-volume public health facilities in six high-burden sub-counties of Nairobi. A total of 253 participants completed the semi-structured questionnaires on utilization and associated factors.12 purposively selected healthcare workers were in key informant sessions on their perception of young people’s utilization. Stepwise binary logistic regression was used to analyse the quantitative data using Stata version 14. NVivo software was used to code and thematically analyse the data. Results 47 % of the participants had utilized the services. Collection of condoms (45.7%) was the most utilized while treatment of sexually transmitted infections (8.2%) was the least utilized services. Female sex (AOR: 3.60 95%, Cl: 1.67-6.40), increase in age (AOR: 2.27 95%, Cl: 1.1C-4.65), HIV status disclosure to a sexual partner (AOR: 2.00 95%, Cl: 1.11-3.80) and privacy for sexual and reproductive health services at a health facility (AOR: 3.27 95%Cl: 1.42-7.60) were factors significantly associated with utilization. Conclusions Although this vulnerable population has frequent contact with healthcare providers, utilization of sexual and reproductive services is low. Stakeholders are recommended to put more emphasis on behavioural interventions to promote male involvement and HIV disclosure to sexual partners.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"132 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141682667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enriching Earth observation datasets through semantics for climate change applications: The EIFFEL ontology","authors":"Benjamin Molina, Carlos E. Palau, J. Calvo-Gallego","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17992.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17992.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Earth Observation (EO) datasets have become vital for decision support applications, particularly from open satellite portals that provide extensive historical datasets. These datasets can be integrated with in-situ data to power artificial intelligence mechanisms for accurate forecasting and trend analysis. However, researchers and data scientists face challenges in finding appropriate EO datasets due to inconsistent metadata structures and varied keyword descriptions. This misalignment hinders the discoverability and usability of EO data. Methods To address this challenge, the EIFFEL ontology (EIFF-O) is proposed. EIFF-O introduces taxonomies and ontologies to provide (i) global classification of EO data and (ii) linkage between different datasets through common concepts. The taxonomies specified by the European Association of Remote Sensing Companies (EARSC) have been formalized and implemented in EIFF-O. Additionally, EIFF-O incorporates: 1. An Essential Climate Variable (ECV) ontology, defined by the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS), is embedded and tailored for Climate Change (CC) applications. 2. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) ontology is included to facilitate linking datasets to specific targets. 3. The ontology extends schema.org vocabularies and promotes the use of JavaScript Object Notation for Linked Data (JSON-LD) formats for semantic web integration. Results EIFF-O provides a unified framework that enhances the discoverability, usability, and application of EO datasets. The implementation of EIFF-O allows data providers and users to bridge the gap between varied metadata descriptions and structured classification, thereby facilitating better linkage and integration of EO datasets. Conclusions The EIFFEL ontology represents a significant advancement in the organization and application of EO datasets. By embedding ECV and SDG ontologies and leveraging semantic web technologies, EIFF-O not only streamlines the data discovery process but also supports diverse applications, particularly in Climate Change monitoring and Sustainable Development Goals achievement. The open-source nature of the ontology and its associated tools promotes rapid adoption among developers","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Euclide, the crow, the wolf and the pedestrian: distance metrics for linguistic typology.","authors":"Matías Guzmán Naranjo, Gerhard Jäger","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16141.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.16141.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>It is common for people working on linguistic geography, language contact and typology to make use of some type of distance metric between lects. However, most work so far has either used Euclidean distances, or geodesic distance, both of which do not represent the real separation between communities very accurately. This paper presents two datasets: one on walking distances and one on topographic distances between over 8700 lects across all macro-areas. We calculated walking distances using Open Street Maps data, and topographic distances using digital elevation data. We evaluate these distance metrics on three case studies and show that from the four distances, the topographic and geodesic distances showed the most consistent performance across datasets, and would be likely to be reasonable first choices. At the same time, in most cases, the Euclidean distances were not much worse than the other distances, and might be a good enough approximation in cases for which performance is critical, or the dataset cover very large areas, and the point-location information is not very precise.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"3 ","pages":"104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11234076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141581771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Co-creation Processes and Urban Digital Twins in Sustainable and Smart Urban District Development - Case Kera District in Espoo, Finland.","authors":"Jani Tartia, Mervi Hämäläinen","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17791.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17791.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the context of climate change mitigation, calls for methods that can facilitate co-creative practices and processes between different stakeholders in the development of sustainable and climate-neutral urban districts have been increasingly expressed in recent years. This has included calls for collaborative, accessible, transparent and open tools that can facilitate urban development processes and engage different stakeholders in the different phases and stages of an urban district development process towards shared targets on sustainability and emission reduction. In this paper, we present and examine two practical tools, 1) a co-creation model for developing positive energy district (PED) solutions, and 2) a digital twin tool for shared data sharing and collaboration, which were developed and utilized recently in two development projects focusing on Kera district, Espoo, Finland. The Kera district is a current brownfield area, which, since the early 2020s, has been undergoing a transformation from a former industrial and mass logistics area into a future mixed-use urban district with significant emphasis on sustainability and circular economy targets. We utilize actor-network theory (ANT) to explore the human and the non-human actors and their interrelations related to the district's development. Additionally, we seek to understand the networks that emerge within both the co-creation process and the virtual urban digital twin environment and the role these tools have in supporting the formation and facilitation of multi-stakeholder co-creation networks. Finally, we aim to examine the advantages and disadvantages of integrating a regional urban digital twin and the urban co-creation process to enhance sustainability in urban development projects.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11299054/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141895021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}