Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"Care Literacy for Culture, Nature, and Future","authors":"Hiroko Costantini, Misato Nihei, Masakazu Sugiyama, Nobuyuki Yagi, James Costantini","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17817.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17817.1","url":null,"abstract":"Within the broader sustainability agenda, an important element relates to the need for a transformative approach to nature. This motivates and is reflected in the Natures Futures Framework. Within this framework, this letter focuses on the relational value of Nature as Culture/One with Nature. This is important yet complex as part of the re-orienting of values to enable truly significant change, and which necessitates individual and community involvement on the value of caring for nature. As a means for understanding and enabling individuals’ potential to engage and contribute, the notion of ‘care for nature literacy’ is put forward.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141349093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Understanding Syrian migration in Lebanon: a methodological framework.","authors":"Maria Gabriella Trovato, Nayla Al-Akl, Dana Ali","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16261.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.16261.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Wars, crises, and climate change are just a few of the worldwide concerns that have resulted in the forced relocation of millions of people. After 12 years of conflict in Syria, millions of Syrians are still displaced in the neighbouring countries, and their conditions have worsened due to the economic and socio-political crisis of the region. This paper reports on a study conducted in Lebanon as part of the EU Horizon-funded project ADMIGOV - Advancing Alternative Migration Governance. It describes the methodological framework used to study Syrian migration in Lebanon and sheds light on the phenomenon's patterns, challenges, and impacts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In our study, we opted for a mixed method. It is built on a large corpus of primary data collected over the course of years of intensive, in-depth fieldwork and the author's immersion in the community. Alongside observations, quantitative and qualitative phone interviews were conducted to obtain the perceptions of displaced Syrians living in informal tented settlements in rural Lebanon and an incomplete building in the city of Saida. This interview data is accompanied by primary and secondary data sources, including the findings of other European research projects, statistics from UNHCR and IOM, and academic and press articles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our research revealed the difficulties Syrians displaced in Lebanon encounter while navigating the challenging situation they are trapped in. Based on a case study approach, it unveils similarities and differences determined by the government's no encampment policy that led to self-settled practices across the country. This approach helped in understanding the challenging dynamic created by weak public institutions and their failure to guarantee the observance of basic human rights, compromising displaced Syrians safety. The weakness of public institutions and their failure to guarantee the observance of basic human rights has compromised displaced safety. Moreover, even though the development interventions and aid assistance have been necessary for Syrians' survival, they proved insufficient, and unequally distributed by location evidencing the inefficiencies of the majority of development aid projects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings contribute to an enriched understanding of the situation of Syrians in Lebanon and offer insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers working in the field of forced migration and humanitarian responses.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"3 ","pages":"137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11214038/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141473311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An increase in global daily precipitation records in response to global warming based on reanalysis and observations","authors":"J. Ciarlo, Filippo Giorgi","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17674.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17674.1","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding trends in extreme precipitation events in the context of global warming is critical for assessing climate change impacts. This study employs a novel methodology developed by Giorgi and Ciarlo (2022) to analyze record-breaking daily precipitation events from 1980 to 2020, utilizing three reanalysis products (ERA5, MERRA-2, and JRA-55) and one global observation dataset (MSWEP). Our results indicate a consistent and statistically significant increase in record-breaking precipitation events globally, with variations across different latitude bands and between land and ocean areas. This trend is evident in all datasets, with the most substantial increases observed over oceans in ERA5 and over land in JRA and MERRA. Notably, the Southern Hemisphere shows mixed results, with some regions displaying negative trends. This study highlights the increasing frequency of extreme precipitation events, supporting the hypothesis of intensified hydrological cycles under a warming climate. Our findings enhance understanding of precipitation extremes and underscore the importance of regional analyses in climate impact studies. Future work could extend these findings to formal attribution studies linking observed trends directly to anthropogenic climate change.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"107 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141362079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Boundaries of the built environment: defining the significance of the material presence of spatial morphology in social life.","authors":"Benjamin N Vis","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16591.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.16591.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Settled societies inhabit environments shaped by building activity. Geographic data in social scientific and geographical research are generally composed of architectural and social categories derived from commonplace lived experience and societal knowledge, thus carrying socio-culturally specific meaning. The mundane pragmatism of such categories conflate spaces and buildings with their use and may obstruct effective comparison. Here I introduce a set of formally redescriptive ontological concepts for built environments that operates on the basis of how differentiation and subdivision constitute distinct occupiable spaces through boundaries. An ontology of the inhabited built environment arises from the application of these socio-spatial and material concepts called 'Boundary Line Types' (BLT). I present and photographically illustrate the definitions of the BLTs, which are conceived on a critical realist basis and rooted in a multidisciplinary body of theory concerning the development and inhabitation of built space. Considering inhabited built environments through BLTs foregrounds the emergent logic by which spaces are divided and connected, creating configurations of boundaries as material frames that afford everyday social life. Since BLTs offer transferrable empirical principles from which these material frames emerge, they also enable diachronic and cross-cultural comparative social research. My proposition to approach social scientific built environment research through constitutive material boundaries offers a comparative complement to commonplace and socio-culturally specific spatial categories that compose most geographic data, enabling formal thick redescriptions and the potential for quantitative spatial analysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"3 ","pages":"184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large Language Models and OpenLogos: An Educational Case Scenario","authors":"Andrijana Pavlova, B. Gerazov, Anabela Barreiro","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17605.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17605.1","url":null,"abstract":"Large Language Models (LLMs) offer advanced text generation capabilities, sometimes surpassing human abilities. However, their use without proper expertise poses significant challenges, particularly in educational contexts. This article explores different facets of natural language generation (NLG) within the educational realm, assessing its advantages and disadvantages, particularly concerning LLMs. It addresses concerns regarding the opacity of LLMs and the potential bias in their generated content, advocating for transparent solutions. Therefore, it examines the feasibility of integrating OpenLogos expert-crafted resources into language generation tools used for paraphrasing and translation. In the context of the Multi3Generation COST Action (CA18231), we have been emphasizing the significance of incorporating OpenLogos into language generation processes, and the need for clear guidelines and ethical standards in generative models involving multilingual, multimodal, and multitasking capabilities. The Multi3Generation initiative strives to progress NLG research for societal welfare, including its educational applications. It promotes inclusive models inspired by the Logos Model, prioritizing transparency, human control, preservation of language principles and meaning, and acknowledgment of the expertise of resource creators. We envision a scenario where OpenLogos can contribute significantly to inclusive AI-supported education. Ethical considerations and limitations related to AI implementation in education are explored, highlighting the importance of maintaining a balanced approach consistent with traditional educational principles. Ultimately, the article advocates for educators to adopt innovative tools and methodologies to foster dynamic learning environments that facilitate linguistic development and growth.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: Our Galaxy.","authors":"Pamela Klaassen, Alessio Traficante, Maria Beltrán, Kate Pattle, Mark Booth, Joshua Lovell, Jonathan Marshall, Alvaro Hacar, Brandt Gaches, Caroline Bot, Nicolas Peretto, Thomas Stanke, Doris Arzoumanian, Ana Duarte Cabral, Gaspard Duchêne, David Eden, Antonio Hales, Jens Kauffmann, Patricia Luppe, Sebastian Marino, Elena Redaelli, Andrew Rigby, Álvaro Sánchez-Monge, Eugenio Schisano, Dmitry Semenov, Silvia Spezzano, Mark Thompson, Friedrich Wyrowski, Claudia Cicone, Tony Mroczkowski, Martin Cordiner, Luca Di Mascolo, Doug Johnstone, Eelco van Kampen, Minju Lee, Daizhong Liu, Thomas Maccarone, Amélie Saintonge, Matthew Smith, Alexander Thelen, Sven Wedemeyer","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17450.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17450.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As we learn more about the multi-scale interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy, we develop a greater understanding for the complex relationships between the large-scale diffuse gas and dust in Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs), how it moves, how it is affected by the nearby massive stars, and which portions of those GMCs eventually collapse into star forming regions. The complex interactions of those gas, dust and stellar populations form what has come to be known as the ecology of our Galaxy. Because we are deeply embedded in the plane of our Galaxy, it takes up a significant fraction of the sky, with complex dust lanes scattered throughout the optically recognizable bands of the Milky Way. These bands become bright at (sub-)millimetre wavelengths, where we can study dust thermal emission and the chemical and kinematic signatures of the gas. To properly study such large-scale environments, requires deep, large area surveys that are not possible with current facilities. Moreover, where stars form, so too do planetary systems, growing from the dust and gas in circumstellar discs, to planets and planetesimal belts. Understanding the evolution of these belts requires deep imaging capable of studying belts around young stellar objects to Kuiper belt analogues around the nearest stars. Here we present a plan for observing the Galactic Plane and circumstellar environments to quantify the physical structure, the magnetic fields, the dynamics, chemistry, star formation, and planetary system evolution of the galaxy in which we live with AtLAST; a concept for a new, 50m single-dish sub-mm telescope with a large field of view which is the only type of facility that will allow us to observe our Galaxy deeply and widely enough to make a leap forward in our understanding of our local ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing Inclusive Community Platforms: A Catalyst for DEI Community","authors":"Hiroko Costantini, Misato Nihei, Takazumi Ono, Kai Tanabe, Yoichi Motomura","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17653.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17653.1","url":null,"abstract":"Developing inclusive communities is important to enhance individuals’ well-being yet this brings the challenge of actively engaging and leveraging the diversity of residents in communities. Such significant social challenges are prominent in Japan, a focus of this article, as the most advanced aging society in the world and thus relevant to European and other countries. This paper explains a major government initiative that takes an innovative approach through leveraging a social technology, a Digital Twin of a community, to understand and address inclusiveness of a community leveraging population approach. The purpose of this letter is to provide researchers and policy makers insights into the approach taken to stimulate reflection on the potential for adaptation and replication.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"46 11-12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141382122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Memorializing Women on the Move: A register of migrant women landmarks in Europe","authors":"Maija Ojala-Fulwood, Bénédicte Miyamoto, Marie Ruiz, Heidi Martins, F. Bakas, Veronika Čapská, Frigren Pirita, Lívia Prosinger, Igor Lyman, Victoria Konstantinova","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17052.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17052.1","url":null,"abstract":"This dataset was developed by COST Action 19112 Women on the Move (WEMov), which engages in unveiling women migrants' presence and participation in the construction of Europe. The dataset was built as a register of toponyms and monuments in the political and public landscape in Europe – such as street names, school names and parks, as well as statues and memorials – that celebrate women migrants. With the dataset we want to discover how women migrants are remembered and what kind of landmarks present these individuals who have had an episode of migration for a variety of reasons. Moreover, our aim is to make these landmarks and the stories of women migrants visible by presenting the results of the dataset in an interactive map on our website. At the moment, the dataset includes 1000 landmarks. The collection of data was based on voluntary work of scholars and students from over 40 different European countries. We have aimed for broad geographical coverage; however, some areas are better represented than others due the nature of data collection. The collection of data is an ongoing process and therefore the dataset in Nakala repository, to which this data note refers, presents the situation in July 2023. Updated versions of the dataset will be made available in Nakala and we will download new landmarks to our interactive map on a regular basis. The selected landmarks and migrant trajectories feature cross-community or cross-cultural migration. They show both typical and exceptional forms of mobility and present women of different age, profession, social status and migration status. This intersectionality of the project and the dataset highlights not only the richness of these landmarks and their value for scholarship but also the wide spectrum of migrant women and their contribution to society.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"13 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141266422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic relationship elements and therapy session outcomes: Protocol for a longitudinal study of the patient's perspective.","authors":"Alberto Stefana, Paolo Fusar-Poli, Eduard Vieta, Eric A Youngstrom","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16466.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.16466.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is a growing recognition of the key role of the therapeutic relationship in the outcomes of psychotherapy. However, current understanding of its specific components, their interplay and related patient-therapist dynamics is limited.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>(a) To validate two self-report measures to assess subjective affective reactions of patients toward their psychotherapists during specific therapy sessions, and (b) to explore the relationships and dynamics among four elements of the therapeutic relationship: patient reactions toward the therapist, working alliance, alliance ruptures and repairs, and the real relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses a nonrandomized, two-time point longitudinal design. The target population is adult patients currently engaged in individual psychotherapy for heterogeneous mental conditions. Participants are recruited through two online recruitment platforms: Research for Me and ResearchMatch. Data collection involves administering two surveys through the Qualtrics online survey platform. The baseline survey assesses information about the most recent therapy session and the preceding week, while the follow-up survey collects data on the subsequent therapy session and the days leading up to it.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>This research offers three main contributions: (a) it furthers evidence-based assessment in psychotherapy by creating and validating two novel, succinct self-report tools; (b) it enhances theoretical understanding within therapeutic relationship research by exploring the significant impact of patients' perceptions of relationship elements on session outcomes variability; and (c) it will identify therapeutic relationship elements that can either enhance or hinder the overall relationship quality and session outcomes.</p><p><strong>Ethics and dissemination: </strong>The study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. The results will be published in indexed peer-reviewed journals and presented at relevant psychology and psychiatry conferences.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"3 ","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11310652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141918276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lockbox enrichment facilitates manipulative and cognitive activities for mice","authors":"K. Hohlbaum, Niek Andresen, P. Mieske, P. Kahnau, Benjamin Lang, K. Diederich, Rupert Palme, Lars Mundhenk, Henning Sprekeler, Olaf Hellwich, Christa Thöne-Reineke, L. Lewejohann","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17624.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17624.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background Due to the lack of complexity and variety of stimuli, conventional housing conditions of laboratory mice do not allow these animals to fully express their behavioral repertoire, including manipulative and cognitive activities. Therefore, we designed mechanical puzzles, so-called lockboxes, for mice that can be provided in their home cages. We investigated the impact of the lockbox enrichment on their phenotype and affective state when compared to conventional housing and super-environmental enrichment. Methods Young adult female C57BL/6JCrl mice were examined before and after 2-month exposure to the different types of enrichment in a phenotyping test battery, including tests for trait and state anxiety-related behavior, calorimetric measurements, body weight measurements, and the analysis of stress hormone metabolite concentrations as well as sequential problem-solving abilities. At the end of the study, adrenal gland weights were determined and pathohistological evaluation was performed. For all continuous variables, the relative variability was calculated. Results We demonstrated that lockbox enrichment decreased trait anxiety-related behavior compared to conventional housing in the Grid Exploratory Paradigm. In contrast, the different types of enrichment neither influenced state anxiety-related behavior in the Open Field and Elevated Plus Maze Test nor physiological variables (i.e., bodyweight, resting metabolic rate, stress hormone metabolite concentrations, and adrenal gland weights). Lockbox enrichment improved sequential problem-solving when compared to super-environmental enrichment. Regardless of the housing condition, the relative variability increased in most variables over time, although the coefficient of variation decreased for some variables, especially in animals with access to the lockbox enrichment. A pathohistological evaluation revealed no evidence of toxicopathological effects associated with the material from which the lockbox enrichment was made. Conclusions Overall, the lockbox enrichment revealed beneficial effects on the affective state and sequential problem-solving abilities of laboratory mice. The reproducibility was demonstrated not to be compromised by lockbox enrichment, similar to super-environmental enrichment.","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"80 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141268428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}