Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"Análisis comparativo de los centros de detención en España e Italia 2018-2023: Abordar las deficiencias sistémicas y el cumplimiento de los derechos humanos.","authors":"Laura María Zanón Bayón-Torres, Almudena Juárez Rodriguez, Mercedes Fernández","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20108.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20108.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This article examines the conditions and management of immigration detention centres in Spain and Italy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analyses the reports of the Spanish Ombudsman and the Italian National Guarantor on visits to detention and internment centres for foreigners to identify similarities and differences in the functioning of these centres depending on the country. Using a qualitative content analysis approach with NVivo 14 software, 16 reports (10 Italian and 6 Spanish) published between 2018 and 2023 were analysed. The reports were selected based on comparability, excluding non-relevant or non-equivalent documents in both countries.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal deficiencies in health care, staff training, legal care, hygienic conditions, and transparency in managing removals in both countries. Additionally, there is an abuse of detention as a migration control measure and a de facto use of these centres as first reception centres. A significant difference is the length of detention, which is limited to 60 days in Spain compared to 180 days in Italy.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This analysis highlights the need for reforms to improve conditions in these centres, ensure respect for fundamental rights, and stop their use as first reception centres.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238845/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"APOLLO-Live: A multi-criteria-based webtool for synchronous group decision making and consensus support in energy and climate policy deliberations.","authors":"Konstantinos Koasidis, Anastasios Soursos, Georgios Xexakis, Álvaro Labella, Anastasios Karamaneas, Alexandros Nikas","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19614.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19614.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pursuing a just, equitable, and desirable sustainable transition requires stakeholders from a diverse set of backgrounds and varying viewpoints to actively engage in deliberations to co-design their future. Facilitating stakeholder engagement activities has so far relied on either qualitative frameworks and processes or simplified quantitative approaches such as surveys, which render eliciting tangible and actionable outcomes challenging. Although group decision making and consensus reaching can leverage the capacity of multi-criteria decision aid to address this gap, tools implementing such processes remain scarce. Here, we present APOLLO-Live, a stakeholder engagement webtool that can be used live in workshops to facilitate deliberations in energy and climate policy. The tool relies on linguistic variables, which are easily comprehensible by the participants, and employs the 2-tuple TOPSIS group decision making method to prioritise needs faced by different communities, as well as solutions that can be implemented to advance the energy transition. It also fleshes out differences in the voting patterns of different groups of voters and calculates a consensus metric to shed light on conflicts arising. Through tips and suggestions provided within the tool and based on multiple rounds of voting, supplemented by live discussions during the workshop, the tool can improve consensus and synthesise multiple perspectives in the produced outcomes, assisting towards bridging the conflicts and producing solutions that are widely accepted. We highlight the functionalities of the webtool, including how it can be used to advance stakeholder dialogues, in two use cases targeting the preferences of the youth in terms of (a) actions to advance climate action and (b) investments to be prioritised. Finally, although the development and use principles followed focused on the energy and climate policy domain, the tool can be used in any application where multi-criteria decision aid and group decision making can potentially be employed.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12280870/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144692699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A protocol for mapping <i>Blastocystis</i> epidemiology and diagnostics from One Health perspective.","authors":"Eylem Akdur Öztürk, Isabel Guadano-Procesi, Ana M Figueiredo, Anja Godfrey, Eleni Gentekaki, Anastasios D Tsaousis, David Carmena, Funda Dogruman-Al","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20151.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20151.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Blastocystis</i> is a globally prevalent gut protist colonising over a billion people worldwide, yet its epidemiology, transmission dynamics, and clinical significance remain underexplored. This protocol represents the first step of a large-scale effort to map <i>Blastocystis</i> epidemiology and diagnostic practices across Europe through the COST Action CA21105: <i>Blastocystis under One Health</i>. By assessing diagnostic methodologies across clinical, veterinary, and environmental sectors, this work sets the foundation for future research and standardisation. Here, we highlight key findings, challenges, and a roadmap for improving <i>Blastocystis</i> detection, ultimately influencing global health policies and microbial ecology studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12171710/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144318896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enacting semi-periphery: conditions of post-accession migration from Poland to the UK.","authors":"Viktoryia Vaitovich","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19457.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19457.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Since Poland's accession to the EU in 2004, the sizeable community of Polish migrants in one of the top destination countries - the UK - have been subject to growing discrimination and hate speech in the form of negative media coverage, as well as unequal labour practices. This article explores the impact of the 2004 enlargement of the EU on the migratory experiences of Poles by examining the way the cross-EU free-movement regime contributes to their vulnerability and exploitation. It aims to uncover the way European integration explains the unequal treatment of Polish migrants in the 'old' Member States. The paper addresses the following questions: what factors have driven the increased number of Polish migrants in the UK in the context of the 2004 EU enlargement? Do economic discrepancies between the EU Member States, which fuel intra-EU migration, likewise shape migrant vulnerabilities? Adopting the theoretical lens of the World-Systems Analysis and the notion of biopower, this paper argues that the peripheral position of Poles in the EU single market during the early post-enlargement period has been reinforced by the migration experiences. This is an outcome of structural pressures that make the perspective of migration appear as aspirational and promising.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255893/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144627922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lexibank 2: pre-computed features for large-scale lexical data.","authors":"Frederic Blum, Carlos Barrientos, Johannes Englisch, Robert Forkel, Simon J Greenhill, Christoph Rzymski, Johann-Mattis List","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20216.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20216.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Large-scale lexical and grammatical datasets nowadays play an important role in comparative linguistics. However, the lack of standardization remains a challenge exacerbating extension and reuse of published data. We present an updated version of Lexibank, a large-scale lexical dataset, expanding on previous efforts to standardize and unify cross-linguistic data. This new version includes over 3,100 languages and more than one-and-a-half million word forms, substantially broadening the scope and utility of the previous resource. Our dataset has been systematically curated using a dedicated computer-assisted workflow designed specifically for the lifting of published wordlist data to the standards recommended by the Cross-Linguistic Data Formats initiative. The expanded dataset features standardized references to language varieties, standardized semantic glosses that reference the concepts expressed by individual word forms, and standardized phonetic transcriptions for all word forms that our repository contains. Based on those standardizations we pre-compute semantic and phonological features, which can be used to carry out extensive automated analyses. We illustrate this potential by providing dedicated database queries to (1) infer words that are similar in pronunciation and meaning, (2) identify concepts that are colexified across languages in our sample, and (3) assess the semantic diversity of etymologically related words. These queries are not only fast to execute but also global in their scope, due to the largescale coverage provided by Lexibank 2. The queries are also easy to extend, thus having the potential to contribute to various studies in historical linguistics, linguistic typology, and related disciplines. The updated dataset is a substantial step forward in the effort to create comprehensive, standardized, and accessible linguistic resources.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134731/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Women migrant workers' (WMWS) deskilling.","authors":"Marie Ruiz, Stellamarina Donato","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18205.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18205.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Women are key actresses in sending and receiving countries' developments, and their contributions includes social and financial remittances, education and the transmission of social and cultural values ( United Nations, 2006). Despite, women migrants' undeniable contributions, they too often undergo deskilling, a process defined as the employment of workers in a different field or below their qualifications. The factors influencing deskilling include the lack of recognition of skills and qualifications, difficult access to information and employment opportunities, lack of support in the destination country and linguistic barriers. Migration can impact the social mobility of women migrants, yet not always positively ( Nowicka, 2012). In the labour market, women migrants are generally disadvantaged because of occupational gender segregation, the lack of network support and childcare responsibilities ( EU Commission, 2022), with higher risks of deskilling and downward social mobility. The objective of the brief is to shed light on WMWs' deskilling and explore the impact of gender and ethnicity in labour segmentation, de-emancipation being a consequence of WMWs' deskilling and overrepresentation in reproductive unskilled jobs.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"186"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12203307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144531521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Open Science Practices in Integrated Assessment Models.","authors":"Clàudia Rodés-Bachs, Jon Sampedro, Natasha Frilingou, Francesco Gardumi, Camilla Lo Giudice","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18824.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18824.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Open science emphasizes the free and accessible dissemination of scholarly outputs to a wide audience, including scientists, stakeholders, and the general public. Its core principle is the open sharing of knowledge to enable reuse, replication, and uphold research integrity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using insights from a survey designed to explore the open science practices within integrated assessment modeling (IAM) teams, as well as the challenges and barriers they face, we propose an open science protocol tailored specifically to the needs of IAMs.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed protocol improves the transparency, accessibility, reliability, reusability, and interoperability of IAM models and results. Grounded in the findability, accessibility, interoperability, and reusability (FAIR) and transparency, responsibility, user focus, sustainability, and technology (TRUST) principles, it supports the transformation of models' outputs into real-world applications.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By fostering enhanced trust and engagement from policymakers, this protocol supports the broader adoption of open science in IAMs. It is complemented by a checklist and includes recommendations for open-source platforms and tools, simplifying workflows and minimizing the need for specialized expertise.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264473/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender mainstreaming and gender-disaggregated data on migrant women: WEMov's Open Letter.","authors":"Stellamarina Donato, Marie Ruiz","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18103.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18103.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The European Union (EU) stands as a mosaic of diversity, enriched by a substantial migrant population, where women play a vital role. Migrant women face vulnerabilities, often disproportionate to their male counterparts. Yet, they also make significant economic and social contributions as entrepreneurs, professionals, caregivers, activists, and members of their communities. This open letter is a brief that argues that gender mainstreaming and the utilization of gender-disaggregated data are crucial tools for addressing gender disparities and ensuring effective policymaking.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12264470/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144651439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reception Centers and Practices for Women Migrants.","authors":"Marie Ruiz, Stellamarina Donato","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18207.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18207.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper focuses on reception centers for women migrants from a gender mainstreaming perspective and it reflects on the current practices and their adequacy with women migrants' needs. Based on COST Action Women on the Move (CA19112)'s experience and research, it discusses the different typologies of reception facilities, and highlights the impact of reception on women migrants' integration, as well as the necessity to coordinate best practices across Europe and EU Member States. Then authors recommend to improve the quality of reception with better trained staff and measures adequate to women migrants' specific needs for their safety and health. The research also suggests introducing integrative programs and coordinating information and good practices across Europe, but above all an end to detention centers for migrants.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"199"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12238843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144602418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: Resolving the hot and ionized Universe through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect.","authors":"Luca Di Mascolo, Yvette Perrott, Tony Mroczkowski, Srinivasan Raghunathan, Stefano Andreon, Stefano Ettori, Aurora Simionescu, Joshiwa van Marrewijk, Claudia Cicone, Minju Lee, Dylan Nelson, Laura Sommovigo, Mark Booth, Pamela Klaassen, Paola Andreani, Martin A Cordiner, Doug Johnstone, Eelco van Kampen, Daizhong Liu, Thomas J Maccarone, Thomas W Morris, John Orlowski-Scherer, Amélie Saintonge, Matthew Smith, Alexander E Thelen, Sven Wedemeyer","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17449.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17449.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>An omnipresent feature of the multi-phase \"cosmic web\" - the large-scale filamentary backbone of the Universe - is that warm/hot (≳ 10 ⁵ K) ionized gas pervades it. This gas constitutes a relevant contribution to the overall universal matter budget across multiple scales, from the several tens of Mpc-scale intergalactic filaments, to the Mpc intracluster medium (ICM), all the way down to the circumgalactic medium (CGM) surrounding individual galaxies from ∼ 1 kpc up to their respective virial radii (∼ 100 kpc). The study of the hot baryonic component of cosmic matter density represents a powerful means for constraining the intertwined evolution of galactic populations and large-scale cosmological structures, for tracing the matter assembly in the Universe and its thermal history. To this end, the Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) effect provides the ideal observational tool for measurements out to the beginnings of structure formation. The SZ effect is caused by the scattering of the photons from the cosmic microwave background off the hot electrons embedded within cosmic structures, and provides a redshift-independent perspective on the thermal and kinematic properties of the warm/hot gas. Still, current and next-generation (sub)millimeter facilities have been providing only a partial view of the SZ Universe due to any combination of: limited angular resolution, spectral coverage, field of view, spatial dynamic range, sensitivity, or all of the above. In this paper, we motivate the development of a wide-field, broad-band, multi-chroic continuum instrument for the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) by identifying the scientific drivers that will deepen our understanding of the complex thermal evolution of cosmic structures. On a technical side, this will necessarily require efficient multi-wavelength mapping of the SZ signal with an unprecedented spatial dynamic range (from arcsecond to tens of arcminutes) and we employ detailed theoretical forecasts to determine the key instrumental constraints for achieving our goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950722/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}