Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"Does personal relevance moderate communication effects? The example of risk communication about 5G-related electromagnetic fields.","authors":"Marie Eggeling-Böcker, Efthymios Karabetsos, Maria Christopoulou, Sarah C Link, Ferdinand Abacioglu, Christoph Boehmert","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19236.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19236.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Technological advancements, such as the introduction of the fifth generation technology standard 5G, offer opportunities but also raise concerns. Although no evidence suggests negative effects of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) within defined exposure limits, authorities responsible for risk communication provide precautionary advice to help citizens reduce personal exposure. However, previous research indicates that precautionary information can increase risk perception and decrease trust.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional study investigated effects of precautionary information on risk perception and trust in the context of 5G, using large general population samples in Germany and Greece. For the first time, personal relevance was examined as a potential moderating factor, using a novel approach to assess practical and thematic relevance. Participants were first surveyed on their relevance of the topic, then provided with basic information about \"RF-EMF and health\", and, in the experimental group, with additional precautionary information. Different measures for risk perception and trust followed. We expected higher risk perception and lower trust for the experimental group, and assumed that at lower personal relevance, this effect would be stronger.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Contrary to expectations, precautionary information increased just one risk perception measure and only in Germany. The anticipated moderating effect of personal relevance was not found, but relevance itself significantly predicted risk perception, with higher relevance correlating with higher risk perception. Exploratory findings revealed higher risk perception among females compared to males and in Greece compared to Germany.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>That there were only few effects of the precautionary information may be linked to the focus on actions to reduce personal exposure when using mobile devices. The results underline the importance of considering personal relevance and demographic factors in risk communication and highlight directions for future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12000800/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144047775","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMIP6-based global estimates of future aridity index and potential evapotranspiration for 2021-2060.","authors":"Robert J Zomer, Jianchu Xu, Donatella Spano, Antonio Trabucco","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18110.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18110.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"Future_Global_AI_PET Database\" provides high-resolution (30 arc-seconds) average annual and monthly global estimates of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and aridity index (AI) for 22 CMIP6 Earth System Models for two future (2021-2041; 2041-2060) and two historical (1960-1990; 1970-2000) time periods, for each of four shared socio-economic pathways (SSP). Three multimodel ensemble averages are also provided (All; Majority Consensus, High Risk) with different level of risks linked to climate model uncertainty. An overview of the methodological approach, geospatial implementation and a technical evaluation of the results is provided. Historical results were compared for technical validation with weather station data ( <i>PET: r</i> ² = 0 <i>.72; AI: r</i> ² = <i>0.91</i>) and the CRU_TS v 4.04 dataset ( <i>PET: r</i> ² = 0 <i>.67;</i> AI: <i>r</i> ² = 0 <i>.80</i>). Within the context of projected significant change in the near- and medium-term, the \"Future_Global_AI_PET Database\" provides a set of data projections and tools available for a variety of scientific and practical applications, illustrating trends and magnitude of predicted climatic and eco-hydrological impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. The Future_Global_AI_PET Database is archived in the ScienceDB repository and available online at: https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.nbsdc.00086.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pro-democracy platform advocacy: Resisting Big Tech-mediated authoritarianism in Southeast Asia.","authors":"Mai Van Tran, Tuwanont Phattharathanasut, Haymarn Soe Nyunt, Nalinthip Ekapong, Lewis Young","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18820.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18820.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Global platforms, such as Meta, YouTube, X (formerly Twitter), TikTok, and Telegram, have faced widespread criticisms for facilitating authoritarian repression of dissident voices, especially in the Global South. In response, human rights defenders have increasingly launched advocacy efforts toward the foreign platforms to defend free speech. Despite the varying forms and effects of such transnational efforts, there lacks research that systematically examines their dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study advances a concept of <b>pro-democracy platform advocacy</b> and scrutinises <b><i>the extent to which such advocacy might affect Big Tech's practices and curb platform-mediated repression</i></b> in the Global South. The comparative empirical evidence comes from Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, as there exist similar combinations of digital repression while the human rights advocates adopt varying advocacy approaches during 2020-2024. We conduct an exploratory mixed methods analysis of an original dataset of 38 semi-structured expert interviews, 6000 Facebook posts, and relevant Meta's Transparency Reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that platform advocacy efforts are more likely to generate significant impact if the advocates focus on issues that resonate with Western democracies, promote campaign publicity via prominent international allies, and are able to engage marginalised dissidents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research makes important contributions to both the platform governance and transnational advocacy scholarship by underscoring the unique dynamics of Big Tech governance under authoritarianism in the Global South. Methodologically, by strictly limiting the scope of social media processing to publicly available content with carefully selected accounts and keywords, this study showcases a promising big-data design that minimises privacy risks to vulnerable social media users.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between policy and perception: Stakeholder views on addressing territorial inequality in Europe.","authors":"Olga Jubany, Zarko Sunderic, Gordana Matkovic, Malin Roiha","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19221.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19221.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-standing territorial disparities have evolved into novel forms of inequality, exacerbated by a decline in social status and the protection afforded to citizens. Territorial inequality extends beyond economic disparities in income and wealth, encompassing unequal access to fundamental rights and opportunities such as essential services, infrastructure, and education. These disparities pose significant challenges to comprehensive socioeconomic development. This paper is part of a broader research project on \"left-behindness,\" aiming to explore stakeholders' perceptions of the underlying drivers of territorial inequalities, as well as the governance mechanisms and policy tools aimed at mitigating these issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis draws on data from 20 focus groups conducted between November and December 2023, involving 98 national, regional and local stakeholders from seven European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Serbia, and Spain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal a notable disconnect between national-level discourses on territorial inequalities and the priorities of local and regional stakeholders across the seven countries. While territorial disparities are acknowledged within policy frameworks, efforts to address these issues are often impeded by governance challenges, including tensions between centralization and decentralization, fragmented coordination, and insufficient horizontal and vertical cooperation among actors at different levels of government.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research underscores the necessity of adopting place-sensitive, context-specific approaches to address territorial inequalities. It highlights the need to address demographic challenges, geographic isolation, and inequitable funding mechanisms, particularly in underserved regions. Aligning policy interventions with the diverse and context-dependent challenges faced by \"left-behind\" areas is essential for the effective mitigation of territorial disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ecomorphology of Caribou ( <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>): a geometric morphometric study.","authors":"Ana Belén Galán López, Ariane Burke, Sandrine Costamagno","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.13782.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13782.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paleolithic reindeer ( <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) was a key species for human populations in western and central Europe during much of the Paleolithic period. In Southwestern France, and in particular during the Magdalenian, reindeer frequently figures among the privileged prey of hunter-gatherer groups. However, and despite numerous attempts to reconstruct the migratory behaviour of Paleolithic reindeer, there is no agreement on the degree of mobility of this prey. Modern ethological data indicate that reindeer herds adopt different mobility strategies depending on the type of habitat and the topography of the environment. Through metapodial bones and phalanges cross-sections, our project 'Reconstructing habitat type and mobility patterns of Rangifer tarandus during the Late Pleistocene in Southwestern France: an ecomorphological study' (Emorph) quantifies the link between habitat type, mobility, bone density and morphology using computer tomography (CT) and geometric morphometry (GMM). Based initially on the study of extant caribou populations with distinct migratory behaviours, the results obtained could be applied to several Magdalenian assemblages from southwestern France in the future, with the aim of reconstructing the mobility of these tardiglacial reindeer.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"1 ","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The European Open Science Cloud as a common good Potentials and limitations of this endeavour.","authors":"Anna Bertelli, Melania Acciai, Giorgio Rossi","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19170.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19170.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is envisioned as a transformative platform for advancing Open Science, aimed at benefiting a diverse array of stakeholders, including researchers, innovators, institutions, and the broader public. To fully harness EOSC's potential as a common good, capable of delivering services to the research community such to potentially transform the way scientific production and communication is done, we address critical barriers that may actually restrict the equitable access and the optimal use of such services. In particular, we emphasize that key resources as required to access and exploit EOSC's advanced FAIR-data services - such as data-processing algorithms - are, in fact, intrinsically limited and the access will be competitive. Governance and funding of EOSC present challenges associated with its effective openness in terms of accessibility to resources for its advanced exploitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the dynamics of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> gametocyte carriage in expectant women under intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Kilifi, study protocol.","authors":"Patience Kerubo Kiyuka, Mark Muricho, Nelson Ouma, Charles Muiruri, Amek Nyaguara, Martin Rono, Isabella Oyier, Mainga Hamaluba","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19356.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19356.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malaria in pregnancy remains a public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) to all pregnant women in moderate to high malaria transmission areas. Kenya's Ministry of Health recommends at least three doses of IPTp-SP (IPTp-SP3 +) to pregnant women in regions where malaria is endemic. Although SP remains cost-effective and effective for IPTp, there are two main challenges with the use of SP: i) widespread use of SP can lead to an increase in the prevalence of drug resistance molecular markers, including those encoding for <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> dihydrofolate reductase ( <i>dhfr</i>) and P <i>f</i> dihydropteroate synthase ( <i>dhps</i>) and ii) SP, used either for curative or preventive treatment, is associated with microscopic and sub microscopic gametocytaemia, both of which contribute to sustained malaria transmission. Our study aims to investigate the dynamics of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> gametocyte carriage in pregnant women under intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Kilifi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This will be a cross-sectional study and will recruit (N=462) expectant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics in four health facilities within the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites: Njunju, Pingilikani, Ngerenya, and Kilifi County Teaching and Referral Hospital (KCTRH). To be recruited into our study, women will need to be in their first or second pregnancy when they are more likely to have malaria and should have had at least one dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.</p><p><strong>Expected application of results: </strong>Our study will provide information on the current status of malaria during pregnancy in Kilifi and the prevalence of gametocytes among expectant mothers on IPT-SP. The results of this study may help inform new interventions to prevent malaria during pregnancy, including adding a third drug to SP with probable gametocytocidal effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The NOMAD mini-apps: A suite of kernels from ab initio electronic structure codes enabling co-design in high-performance computing.","authors":"Isidre Mas Magre, Rogeli Grima Torres, José María Cela Espín, José Julio Gutierrez Moreno","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.16920.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.16920.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article introduces a suite of mini-applications (mini-apps) designed to optimise computational kernels in <i>ab initio</i> electronic structure codes. The suite is developed from flagship applications participating in the NOMAD Center of Excellence, such as the ELPA eigensolver library and the <i>GW</i> implementations of the exciting, Abinit, and FHI-aims codes. The mini-apps were identified by targeting functions that significantly contribute to the total execution time in the parent applications. This strategic selection allows for concentrated optimisation efforts. The suite is designed for easy deployment on various High-Performance Computing (HPC) systems, supported by an integrated CMake build system for straightforward compilation and execution. The aim is to harness the capabilities of emerging (post)exascale systems, which necessitate concurrent hardware and software development - a concept known as co-design. The mini-app suite serves as a tool for profiling and benchmarking, providing insights that can guide both software optimisation and hardware design. Ultimately, these developments will enable more accurate and efficient simulations of novel materials, leveraging the full potential of exascale computing in material science research.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11224708/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141556145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usage of personas in the construction industry.","authors":"Fausto Javier Sainz Salces, Marja Liinasuo, David Martin-Moncunill","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.15061.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.15061.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study on the use of personas was carried out during a building trade related software development EU project. Participants were introduced to the personas tool and encouraged to use it in their work in technical development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A questionnaire about the possible usage of personas was delivered three months after remote tool presentation and explanation has been delivered afterwards, inquiring about benefits, drawbacks, intention of using personas in the future, and the role of usage related information as a whole in technical development.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Previous knowledge about the tool, perceptions of the tool and its actual use seemed to influence developers in their decision to use it or not.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Almost half of the organizations in our study use real user-centric design methods in their technical development; this can ease the path for wider adoption of the methods when needed. One possible solution to strengthen the understanding and adoption of the user-centric methods is to spread information among technical developers, by identifying and using efficient communication channels, such as tailored training. User-centric methods seem to have gained followers in the technical development arena, indicating that this may be a feasible way for further adoption of user centricity in product development.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"3 ","pages":"33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12009476/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144042795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of a practical methodology for the selection of suitable value chains to produce circular fertilisers from secondary raw materials.","authors":"Lidia Paredes, Elisa Gambuzzi, Rita Gentili, Jessica Pérez-García, Ambrogio Pigoli, Inès Verleden, Pedro Villanueva-Rey, Werner Vogt-Kaute, Wim Moerman, Lucía González-Monjardin","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19506.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19506.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The growing demand for food products, driven by a growing world population, has increased Europe's dependence on conventional fertilisers, which have a high impact on the environment. In the last decade, new circular fertiliser value chains have appeared as promising alternatives to conventional fertilisers.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Because of the huge number of alternatives, this study aimed to develop a practical methodology that facilitates the analysis of data related to each value chain to identify and select the most promising circular fertiliser value chains to promote their wide-scale production and use in agriculture, replacing the dependence on conventional fertilisers in Europe. This methodology is based on two stages (funnelling process and scoring system) and considers the 16 criteria (e.g. technical viability, nutrient content, among others) defined in the study. The methodology was tested for 48 value chains identified during the mapping of secondary raw materials in Europe with the potential to be used as circular fertilisers, classifying them into seven different raw materials: urban wastewater (UWW), industrial wastewater (IWW), sewage sludge (SS), biowaste (BW), biological by-products (BBP), treated manure (TM), and digestate (DIG). The funnelling process is based on a GO/NO-GO approach that meets six criteria and allows the discarding of 18 value chains, from 30 to the second stage. The scoring system was a more complete analysis, including ten new scoring criteria.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This system allowed the identification of the potential of the value chains analysed, concluding that struvite from UWW, struvite from IWW, stabilized sludge from SS, composted biowaste from BW, feather meal from BBP, solid fraction from DIG, and spent mushroom substrate from TM are the most promising options for agriculture.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The develop methodology was used to evaluate 48 different value chains with the potential to generate promising circular fertlizers. Seven value chains were finally selected.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"43"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11971626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143797389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}