Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"Exploring the driving forces of CO ₂ emissions in the European Union.","authors":"Juan Cámara-Aceituno, Manuel Jesús Hermoso-Orzáez, Julio Terrados-Cepeda, Andrés Rivadeneira-Zambrano, Ángel Mena-Nieto, Antonio A Golpe, Jose-Enrique Garcia-Ramos","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20224.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20224.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The analysis of the evolution of CO ₂ emissions of a given region is of key interest to understand the effect of past policies and to better design the future ones. The 27 European Union countries (EU) constitute a unique region for such a study because it has a strong common policy for reducing CO ₂ emissions and, therefore, it is of great interest to measure its influence.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study employed the logarithmic-mean Divisia index (LMDI) technique, an expanded version of the Kaya identity, the Tapio decoupling method, and convergence and cluster analysis. This study examined the driving forces behind CO ₂ emissions, including population, economic activity, energy intensity, and energy sources. The period under study is 1990-2021.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results obtained for the 27 member states were diverse. However, some common patterns have emerged: economic activity is the primary driver of CO ₂ emissions, while energy intensity plays a crucial role in reducing emissions, even more than the contribution from renewable energies. The analysis reveals a consistent decline in recent years attributed to rigorous EU policies to meet the CO ₂ emissions target outlined in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Notably, countries with longer-standing EU memberships tend to exhibit more positive outcomes. Additionally, a study on the convergence of the 27 countries reveals the existence of several clusters and clubs of convergence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study offers valuable insights for evaluating the energy and environmental policies of EU countries, serving as a valuable resource for energy policymakers worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12134738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144227795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pro-democracy platform advocacy: Resisting Big Tech-mediated authoritarianism in Southeast Asia.","authors":"Mai Van Tran, Tuwanont Phattharathanasut, Haymarn Soe Nyunt, Nalinthip Ekapong, Lewis Young","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18820.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18820.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Global platforms, such as Meta, YouTube, X (formerly Twitter), TikTok, and Telegram, have faced widespread criticisms for facilitating authoritarian repression of dissident voices, especially in the Global South. In response, human rights defenders have increasingly launched advocacy efforts toward the foreign platforms to defend free speech. Despite the varying forms and effects of such transnational efforts, there lacks research that systematically examines their dynamics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study advances a concept of <b>pro-democracy platform advocacy</b> and scrutinises <b><i>the extent to which such advocacy might affect Big Tech's practices and curb platform-mediated repression</i></b> in the Global South. The comparative empirical evidence comes from Myanmar, Thailand, and Cambodia, as there exist similar combinations of digital repression while the human rights advocates adopt varying advocacy approaches during 2020-2024. We conduct an exploratory mixed methods analysis of an original dataset of 38 semi-structured expert interviews, 6000 Facebook posts, and relevant Meta's Transparency Reports.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find that platform advocacy efforts are more likely to generate significant impact if the advocates focus on issues that resonate with Western democracies, promote campaign publicity via prominent international allies, and are able to engage marginalised dissidents.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research makes important contributions to both the platform governance and transnational advocacy scholarship by underscoring the unique dynamics of Big Tech governance under authoritarianism in the Global South. Methodologically, by strictly limiting the scope of social media processing to publicly available content with carefully selected accounts and keywords, this study showcases a promising big-data design that minimises privacy risks to vulnerable social media users.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12084801/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144096091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking the politics of form: The strange case of the political novel.","authors":"Zrinka Božić","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19916.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19916.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The genre is an institution like a church or a university, a particular way of grouping literary works on the basis of their external and internal form, according to René Wellek and Austin Warren. But institutions are also there to be changed, and frameworks and rules can be challenged. As Fredric Jameson once observed, while literary criticism cannot do without genre, modern literary production continually and systematically undermines the concept itself. While political ideas and the political milieu dominate the political novel, according to Irving Howe, the literary form remains intact. Wellek and Warren therefore rightly question whether it is even possible to speak of a distinct genre when the grouping (of novels) is based solely on the theme and not on the form itself. The fact that Robert Boyers, one of the few authors to have dealt with the political novel in depth, ultimately abandoned the idea of a separate literary genre shows that Wellek and Warren's observations have hit the core of the problem. So the question arises: are there other aspects besides content that make a novel political? Why does the political novel appear in so many different guises (such as utopia, dystopia, spy novel, war novel, thesis novel, proletarian novel, partisan novel, etc.)? Is this the cause of the problem, or is it simply the law of the novel as an unfinished genre in Bakhtin's sense?</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181763/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Between policy and perception: Stakeholder views on addressing territorial inequality in Europe.","authors":"Olga Jubany, Zarko Sunderic, Gordana Matkovic, Malin Roiha","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19221.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19221.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Long-standing territorial disparities have evolved into novel forms of inequality, exacerbated by a decline in social status and the protection afforded to citizens. Territorial inequality extends beyond economic disparities in income and wealth, encompassing unequal access to fundamental rights and opportunities such as essential services, infrastructure, and education. These disparities pose significant challenges to comprehensive socioeconomic development. This paper is part of a broader research project on \"left-behindness,\" aiming to explore stakeholders' perceptions of the underlying drivers of territorial inequalities, as well as the governance mechanisms and policy tools aimed at mitigating these issues.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis draws on data from 20 focus groups conducted between November and December 2023, involving 98 national, regional and local stakeholders from seven European countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Greece, Italy, Serbia, and Spain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The findings reveal a notable disconnect between national-level discourses on territorial inequalities and the priorities of local and regional stakeholders across the seven countries. While territorial disparities are acknowledged within policy frameworks, efforts to address these issues are often impeded by governance challenges, including tensions between centralization and decentralization, fragmented coordination, and insufficient horizontal and vertical cooperation among actors at different levels of government.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research underscores the necessity of adopting place-sensitive, context-specific approaches to address territorial inequalities. It highlights the need to address demographic challenges, geographic isolation, and inequitable funding mechanisms, particularly in underserved regions. Aligning policy interventions with the diverse and context-dependent challenges faced by \"left-behind\" areas is essential for the effective mitigation of territorial disparities.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"40"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12120432/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144183226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood Waste Valorization and Classification Approaches: A systematic review.","authors":"Akrivi Korba, Lucyna Lekawska-Andrinopoulou, Kostas Chatziioannou, Georgios Tsimiklis, Angelos Amditis","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18862.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18862.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This systematic literature review delves into various wood waste valorization and classification approaches, aiming to evaluate their efficacy in fostering sustainable wood resource management while enhancing the economic value of wood waste. By synthesizing findings from a diverse array of research studies, the review highlights the multifaceted nature of wood waste valorization, emphasizing the critical role of sorting and separation technologies in ensuring high-quality recovery of materials. It also identifies the wood classification practices in Europe, which are crucial for creating a harmonized valorization framework that aligns technological advancements with regulatory standards. The analysis reveals that integrating these components-technologies, sorting methods, and classification practices can significantly improve the overall efficiency and effectiveness of wood waste management. Furthermore, the review identifies existing gaps in research and practice, providing actionable recommendations for stakeholders aiming to optimize wood valorization waste systems. These recommendations emphasize the necessity for a holistic approach and a clearly defined, comprehensive framework for wood valorization that considers all elements involved in the process. By addressing these areas, the review not only aims to contribute to the body of knowledge in wood waste valorization but also seeks to promote sustainable practices that benefit both the environment and the economy, paving the way for a more circular approach to wood resource utilization.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"5"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118346/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144175974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Instrumentalized migration: avoiding the trap.","authors":"Maxime Lebrun, Tanja Ellingsen, Hanne Dumur-Laanila, Sophie Bujold, Annabel Miller, Beth James, Gordan Akrap, Josip Mandić","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18635.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18635.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The article considers the European Union's (EU) and its Member States' capacities to face the challenge posed by instrumentalized migration as a hybrid threat activity. Instrumentalized migration in this context entails people being forcibly displaced towards an EU border and made to cross it to claim international protection with an aim of causing capacity overload, adverse reactions, or exerting larger pressure on the target state. Because global migration is a highly politicised and securitized issue in European and domestic politics, authoritarian states may see a strategic opportunity in instrumentalizing it their advantage. Responding strategically to instrumentalized migration requires identifying policy pitfalls and value traps while managing to maintain as many tools and as much space for manoeuvre as possible. Authoritarian states may use instrumentalized migration to further their wider agenda of turning international law into a system of rules which would primarily protect state sovereignty and non-interference at the expense of the international protection of human rights. Responses to instrumentalized migration have impacts and establish precedence in terms of acceptable state practice. Considering this, this article discusses the EU's new Pact on Migration and Asylum and examines how it can be used to the advantage of Member States when dealing with instances of instrumentalized migration.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"251"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138498/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An overview of CBDCs and their potential role in the green economy.","authors":"Christos Kontzinos, Maria Flouri, Paanagiotis Kokkinakos, Konstantinos Alexakis, Fotis Siouzos, Vangelis Marinakis","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19970.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19970.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In recent years, there has been an ever-intensifying discussion around the use and establishment of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDC) in the global economy. This paper examines the reasons why central banks are aiming to introduce CBDCs into the economy, as well as the ways in which the use of CBDCs could contribute to the transition to the Green Economy, focused mainly around the area of providing financial means and incentives towards green investments, green renovations, and more sustainable energy consumption practices. Aiming to provide an all-around and concise overview of CBDCs, this paper explores their technological background, as well as the areas in which they will mainly contribute, as a means of transaction or value storage. Special mention is also made of the initiatives undertaken by the European Central Bank for the issuance of the digital euro as well as the legal and technological framework within which it could operate, to serve the objectives of the EU. Finally, the potential role of CBDCs in the green economy is examined, and ways in which they could be used as a means of supporting individuals and businesses investing in this direction are presented. This publication is written in the context of the Horizon Europe funded project FORTESIE.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"113"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12181764/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144478087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pathways for pragmatic decolonisation in research.","authors":"Monique Kwachou","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19943.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19943.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>For too long, research on African peoples, histories, and ideas has been shaped by institutions and frameworks rooted in former colonial metropoles. This has sustained epistemic hierarchies that privilege Western paradigms while marginalising African knowledge systems. While there is increasing consensus on the need to decolonise research, less attention has been paid to how this can be achieved in practical terms. This paper argues that decentralisation-a concept familiar in governance-offers a useful metaphor and framework for rethinking how power over knowledge production can be redistributed to African scholars, institutions, and communities.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>With this paper, the author adopts a conceptual-empirical approach grounded in personal research experiences within Cameroonian higher education and supported by a review of scholarly efforts by African researchers engaging with decolonial paradigms. Reflexive narrative inquiry is used to interrogate how decision-making, methodological choices, and epistemic validation processes unfold in research spaces. The paper reinterprets decentralisation to develop a framework for epistemic redistribution in knowledge production.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Building on the idea that decolonisation entails decentralising epistemic power, the paper identifies one foundational starting point and three interconnected pathways for action. Theoretical pathways reclaim African epistemologies as valid and generative, disrupting Eurocentric dominance. Methodological pathways advance participatory, Afrocentric approaches grounded in lived experience and relational ethics. Administrative pathways call for institutional reforms that empower African scholars and communities in shaping research agendas, resource flows, and dissemination. Collectively, these pathways outline intentional shifts in authority over theory, method, and governance that operationalise decolonisation in knowledge production.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>By re-framing decolonisation as decentralisation, this paper provides an accessible and actionable model for transforming knowledge production in African contexts. It contributes to bridging the theory-practice gap in decolonial discourse, offering concrete strategies to recentre African thought, amplify historically marginalised voices, and cultivate epistemic justice within and beyond the academy.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12149805/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144268054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ecomorphology of Caribou ( <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>): a geometric morphometric study.","authors":"Ana Belén Galán López, Ariane Burke, Sandrine Costamagno","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.13782.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13782.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Paleolithic reindeer ( <i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) was a key species for human populations in western and central Europe during much of the Paleolithic period. In Southwestern France, and in particular during the Magdalenian, reindeer frequently figures among the privileged prey of hunter-gatherer groups. However, and despite numerous attempts to reconstruct the migratory behaviour of Paleolithic reindeer, there is no agreement on the degree of mobility of this prey. Modern ethological data indicate that reindeer herds adopt different mobility strategies depending on the type of habitat and the topography of the environment. Through metapodial bones and phalanges cross-sections, our project 'Reconstructing habitat type and mobility patterns of Rangifer tarandus during the Late Pleistocene in Southwestern France: an ecomorphological study' (Emorph) quantifies the link between habitat type, mobility, bone density and morphology using computer tomography (CT) and geometric morphometry (GMM). Based initially on the study of extant caribou populations with distinct migratory behaviours, the results obtained could be applied to several Magdalenian assemblages from southwestern France in the future, with the aim of reconstructing the mobility of these tardiglacial reindeer.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"1 ","pages":"99"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12022544/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stakeholder engagement in European research and innovation: An investigation into how and why EU R&I projects develop engagement tools.","authors":"Luka Gudek, Madhura Rao, Jacqueline Broerse","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19907.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19907.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The European Union's research and innovation (R&I) efforts have increasingly prioritised collaboration, co-creation, and stakeholder engagement to address complex systemic challenges in recent decades. However, while stakeholder engagement has become a cornerstone of EU innovation policy in this area, there has been limited research into how tools supporting stakeholder engagement are developed, deployed, and sustained within R&I projects. To address this gap, this article explores factors influencing the development of stakeholder engagement tools in European R&I projects and their relation to the broader European R&I trends.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study adopts a qualitative approach, with conducting semi-structured interviews with 22 participants representing 14 Horizon Europe projects on topics of agri-food, bioeconomy, and sustainability. Data were collected, coded, and analysed concurrently and the emerging results guided which group was approached next.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Tools developed within projects take up shape within distinct phases, denominated as Purpose, Prototyping, Praxis, and Post-project continuity. Each of these phases comes with distinct challenges and opportunities. The way projects approach these challenges and opportunities showcases two distinct approaches that might be indicative of broader project management work in European R&I projects. These are the Project-focused approach and the User-focused approach.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainability innovation by providing empirical insights into the mechanisms and dynamics of stakeholder engagement tools in R&I projects. It underscores the importance of balancing structural R&I frameworks with flexible, participatory approaches to innovation. The findings offer actionable recommendations for policymakers, project coordinators, and funders to support the development of robust and inclusive stakeholder engagement tools that mobilise diverse actors and facilitate systemic change aligned with the EU's sustainability goals.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12138324/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144236139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}