Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"Update on <i>Blastocystis</i>: highlights from the Fourth International <i>Blastocystis</i> Conference.","authors":"Ana M Figueiredo, Daisy Shaw, Varol Tunali, Eleni Gentekaki, Anastasios D Tsaousis, David Carmena","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19168.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19168.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While the stramenopile <i>Blastocystis</i>, first discovered in 1911, is considered the most prevalent enteric protist in humans, its biology remains largely unexplored. Clinical studies have only recently begun investigating the role of <i>Blastocystis</i> in the gut and its relationship with the gut microbiome, and whether it plays a pathogenic role in human and animal health. Aiming to gather leading researchers in the field to encourage and stimulate cross-disciplinary dialogue while fostering long-term international collaborations, the Fourth International <i>Blastocystis</i> Conference was hosted from the 17 ^th to the 19 ^th of September 2024 in Heraklion (Crete, Greece). The event was mainly supported by the COST Action CA21105, \" <i>Blastocystis</i> under One Health\", and the Microbiology Society. The multi- and interdisciplinary conference programme covered all aspects related to <i>Blastocystis</i> evolutionary biology and advances in omics, intestinal ecology (gut microbiome), clinical significance and association with disease, diagnosis and molecular characterisation, as well as epidemiology and One Health. The high-quality presentations discussed at the conference provided researchers with a synthesis of recent advancements, while key research questions, knowledge gaps, and future steps in <i>Blastocystis</i> research were identified. Herein, we aim to provide a thorough overview of the presentations at the conference. The COST Action CA21105, <i>\"Blastocystis</i> under One Health\", will build on the insights and collaborations fostered during the conference, promoting integrative research approaches, advancing our understanding of <i>Blastocystis</i>, and driving future efforts to translate these findings into improved public health strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"11"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"AgriPV system with climate, water and light spectrum control for safe, healthier and improved crop production.","authors":"Miray Çelikbilek Ersundu, Ali Erçin Ersundu, Colin Osborne, Maria Ruiz","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18876.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.18876.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The PV4Plants project aims to optimise the synergy between agriculture and photovoltaic (agriPV) systems to improve crop yield, land use efficiency, and renewable energy conversion. Using cutting-edge nanoparticles coated between PV panels to optimise light transmission, the system tailors conditions for specific crops and climatic regions. Demonstrations in Türkiye, Spain, and Denmark test the adaptability and effectiveness of these systems, to evaluate improvements in crop health and renewable energy output. Central to the project are efforts to increase recyclability and promote farmer engagement through innovative financing models and policy recommendations.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"267"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11950720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143756418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CMIP6-based global estimates of future aridity index and potential evapotranspiration for 2021-2060.","authors":"Robert J Zomer, Jianchu Xu, Donatella Spano, Antonio Trabucco","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18110.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18110.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The \"Future_Global_AI_PET Database\" provides high-resolution (30 arc-seconds) average annual and monthly global estimates of potential evapotranspiration (PET) and aridity index (AI) for 22 CMIP6 Earth System Models for two future (2021-2041; 2041-2060) and two historical (1960-1990; 1970-2000) time periods, for each of four shared socio-economic pathways (SSP). Three multimodel ensemble averages are also provided (All; Majority Consensus, High Risk) with different level of risks linked to climate model uncertainty. An overview of the methodological approach, geospatial implementation and a technical evaluation of the results is provided. Historical results were compared for technical validation with weather station data ( <i>PET: r</i> ² = 0 <i>.72; AI: r</i> ² = <i>0.91</i>) and the CRU_TS v 4.04 dataset ( <i>PET: r</i> ² = 0 <i>.67;</i> AI: <i>r</i> ² = 0 <i>.80</i>). Within the context of projected significant change in the near- and medium-term, the \"Future_Global_AI_PET Database\" provides a set of data projections and tools available for a variety of scientific and practical applications, illustrating trends and magnitude of predicted climatic and eco-hydrological impacts on terrestrial ecosystems. The Future_Global_AI_PET Database is archived in the ScienceDB repository and available online at: https://doi.org/10.57760/sciencedb.nbsdc.00086.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11806256/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the dynamics of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> gametocyte carriage in expectant women under intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Kilifi, study protocol.","authors":"Patience Kerubo Kiyuka, Mark Muricho, Nelson Ouma, Charles Muiruri, Amek Nyaguara, Martin Rono, Isabella Oyier, Mainga Hamaluba","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19356.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19356.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Malaria in pregnancy remains a public health problem. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) to all pregnant women in moderate to high malaria transmission areas. Kenya's Ministry of Health recommends at least three doses of IPTp-SP (IPTp-SP3 +) to pregnant women in regions where malaria is endemic. Although SP remains cost-effective and effective for IPTp, there are two main challenges with the use of SP: i) widespread use of SP can lead to an increase in the prevalence of drug resistance molecular markers, including those encoding for <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> dihydrofolate reductase ( <i>dhfr</i>) and P <i>f</i> dihydropteroate synthase ( <i>dhps</i>) and ii) SP, used either for curative or preventive treatment, is associated with microscopic and sub microscopic gametocytaemia, both of which contribute to sustained malaria transmission. Our study aims to investigate the dynamics of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> gametocyte carriage in pregnant women under intermittent preventive treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine in Kilifi.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This will be a cross-sectional study and will recruit (N=462) expectant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinics in four health facilities within the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance Sites: Njunju, Pingilikani, Ngerenya, and Kilifi County Teaching and Referral Hospital (KCTRH). To be recruited into our study, women will need to be in their first or second pregnancy when they are more likely to have malaria and should have had at least one dose of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine.</p><p><strong>Expected application of results: </strong>Our study will provide information on the current status of malaria during pregnancy in Kilifi and the prevalence of gametocytes among expectant mothers on IPT-SP. The results of this study may help inform new interventions to prevent malaria during pregnancy, including adding a third drug to SP with probable gametocytocidal effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11933784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143712445","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microhomology-mediated end-joining Knock-In approaches to delete the allergenic domain of trout <i>parvalbumin beta-1</i>. Preliminary results in F0 animals and feedback.","authors":"Veronique Lebret, Cecile Duret, Amaury Herpin, Pierre-Yves Rescan","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18223.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18223.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Gene editing techniques offer new opportunities to improve important traits in aquaculture. The allergenicity of fish flesh is a major problem in aquaculture. Parvalbumin (Parv) is the most prevalent fish allergen. For instance, in salmonids, a single parvalbumin beta-1 protein (parvb1) has been identified as an allergen in specific patients. Therefore, generating trout carrying two parvb1 alleles deleted from the allergenic peptide-encoding region could prevent allergies in these sensitive individuals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we describe the application of the Crispr/cas9 system in an attempt to delete parvb1 exon 2 encoding the allergenic peptide and, alternatively, to replace exon 2 of parvb1 with exon2 of parvalbumin beta-2 protein (parvb2,) which does not encode the allergenic peptide. Exon skipping and swapping were pursued through microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ) knock-In using specifically designed double-stranded donor DNA.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Genotyping of approximately 200 F0 fingerlings originating from eggs injected with donor DNA designed for exon 2 skipping led to the identification of only one animal carrying an allele lacking exon 2. Genotyping of approximately 150 fingerlings originating from eggs injected with donor DNA for exon 2 swapping did not result in any trout carrying the expected modified allele.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These preliminary results indicate the potential difficulties associated with the MMEJ KI experiments performed in farmed fish. Finally, new genomic techniques in aquaculture are further discussed in the context of lively debates taking place in the European parliament regarding a possible revision of the current law that determines the legal status of farm animals modified by genome editing. Gene editing, microhomology-mediated end-joining knock-in, parvalbumin, allergenicity, trout, and genetically modified organisms (GMOs).</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11876799/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143560151","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and additive manufacturing of a lightweight aerospace electric actuator.","authors":"Borja Lizarribar Carrillo, Borja Prieto, Miguel Martínez-Iturralde, Javier García Goikoetxea, Sergio Montes, Ekain San José","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17752.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17752.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The ambitious electrification targets set for the aeronautical sector are leading to a thorough research into improving the performance of different electromechanical components. In this regard, Additive Manufacturing is gaining strength due to the positive physical properties of the processed parts and the freedom in manufacturable geometries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Thus, this article presents the design of an electric actuator for an aerospace active sidestick in which Additive Manufacturing is used with the aim of minimising the mass and power consumption of the device. The electromagnetic design of the actuator is detailed, considering 8 different permanent magnet machine topologies, and a mechanical design applying Topology Optimisation to reduce the overall mass of the component is carried out.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Three prototypes involving the rotor, the stator and the casing are manufactured via Laser Powder Bed Fusion in stainless steel and Permendur (Fe ₄₉Co ₄₉V ₂) and the corresponding actuators are experimentally tested, showing a great agreement between tests and simulations and excellent repeatability in the electromagnetic behaviour of the prototypes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The research results highlight the great potential of Additive Manufacturing to manufacture functional electrical machine components.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11897690/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paraphrase and translation: the importance of being close.","authors":"Diana Santos, Anabela Barreiro","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19108.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.19108.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article explores the concept of paraphrasing within computational linguistics, seeking to enrich its understanding by drawing parallels with translation studies and especially machine translation. It highlights the existence of two distinct yet related tasks: paraphrase generation and paraphrase detection, as well as points out the many (sometimes implicit) contact points in evaluation in both translation and paraphrasing. We claim that the concept of near-synonymy or near- equivalence is a shared concern of both disciplines, and its formalization should be pursued.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11904397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143627209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lost in translation? Jáchym Topol's <i>The Devil's Workshop</i> and its local and transnational reader.","authors":"Bernadette Ščasná","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17816.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17816.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Jáchym Topol, who is a Czech writer and poet, has several times emphasized that he does not care about his readers, especially foreign ones who get to read translated versions of his work, as it is not his job to be understood. With the rise of transnational WWII-related literature in the Czech Republic in the last two decades, I explore how his novel <i>The Devil's Workshop</i> has become an important work in the realm of transnational literature, despite Topol's peculiar writing style and stance towards his international readers. In my analysis, I explore Topol's writing style, the novel's socio-historical context through the concept of difficult heritage and the juxtaposition of Czech and Belarusian WWII narratives, as well as the novel's local and international reception.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"185"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11842957/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143484806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of the ethics frameworks describing issues related to the use of extended reality.","authors":"Shereen Cox, Alina Kadlubsky, Ellen Svarverud, Jonathan Adams, Rigmor C Baraas, Rosemarie D L C Bernabe","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17283.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17283.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of extended reality (XR) / immersive technologies such as virtual, augmented, mixed reality and virtual worlds (Metaverse) raises issues of ethical concern. The various issues, if left unaddressed, may impact human wellbeing over time. Immersive technologies are used in entertainment, commerce, training, education, health, and the military among others. Subsequently, there is a broad spectrum of users with various degrees of competencies and vulnerabilities. Special attention regarding long-term effects of immersive technologies on children and the lack of consideration of inclusivity for all persons in society is essential. Several publications have highlighted ethical issues related to immersive technologies, and some have sought to address these issues by proposing solutions or approaches in the form of frameworks, codes of conduct or best practices. This review examined literature between 2000 and 2023 to identify proposed or adopted ethical frameworks, codes of conduct or best practices for immersive technologies. Qualitative research method was applied, using a scoping review approach. Twenty-eight papers were selected for analysis. Approximately 70% of the selected papers were published between 2020 and 2022. Using an inductive thematic analysis method, seven fundamental values and twenty-two corresponding principles were generated. The main values are respect for persons, well-being, safety, integrity and trust, justice, and responsiveness. The dominant principles identified are privacy, informed consent, responsibility, transparency, and freedom. The authors of the papers were predominantly academic researchers. The normative approaches to addressing ethical issues were organised into four domains: society and governance, industry, research/academic organisations, and individuals. Recommendations are: 1) development and/or application of laws or guidelines to ethical, legal, and social issues with immersive technologies; 2) adoption of inclusive approaches to design and development; 3) minimisation of risk for research participants; 4) empowerment of users of immersive technologies; and 5) promotion of responsibility and sincerity in the use of virtual space, especially in matters concerning identity and conduct.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11862359/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: Our Galaxy.","authors":"Pamela Klaassen, Alessio Traficante, Maria Beltrán, Kate Pattle, Mark Booth, Joshua Lovell, Jonathan Marshall, Alvaro Hacar, Brandt Gaches, Caroline Bot, Nicolas Peretto, Thomas Stanke, Doris Arzoumanian, Ana Duarte Cabral, Gaspard Duchêne, David Eden, Antonio Hales, Jens Kauffmann, Patricia Luppe, Sebastian Marino, Elena Redaelli, Andrew Rigby, Álvaro Sánchez-Monge, Eugenio Schisano, Dmitry Semenov, Silvia Spezzano, Mark Thompson, Friedrich Wyrowski, Claudia Cicone, Tony Mroczkowski, Martin Cordiner, Luca Di Mascolo, Doug Johnstone, Eelco van Kampen, Minju Lee, Daizhong Liu, Thomas Maccarone, Amélie Saintonge, Matthew Smith, Alexander Thelen, Sven Wedemeyer","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17450.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17450.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As we learn more about the multi-scale interstellar medium (ISM) of our Galaxy, we develop a greater understanding for the complex relationships between the large-scale diffuse gas and dust in Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs), how it moves, how it is affected by the nearby massive stars, and which portions of those GMCs eventually collapse into star forming regions. The complex interactions of those gas, dust and stellar populations form what has come to be known as the ecology of our Galaxy. Because we are deeply embedded in the plane of our Galaxy, it takes up a significant fraction of the sky, with complex dust lanes scattered throughout the optically recognizable bands of the Milky Way. These bands become bright at (sub-)millimetre wavelengths, where we can study dust thermal emission and the chemical and kinematic signatures of the gas. To properly study such large-scale environments, requires deep, large area surveys that are not possible with current facilities. Moreover, where stars form, so too do planetary systems, growing from the dust and gas in circumstellar discs, to planets and planetesimal belts. Understanding the evolution of these belts requires deep imaging capable of studying belts around young stellar objects to Kuiper belt analogues around the nearest stars. Here we present a plan for observing the Galactic Plane and circumstellar environments to quantify the physical structure, the magnetic fields, the dynamics, chemistry, star formation, and planetary system evolution of the galaxy in which we live with AtLAST; a concept for a new, 50m single-dish sub-mm telescope with a large field of view which is the only type of facility that will allow us to observe our Galaxy deeply and widely enough to make a leap forward in our understanding of our local ecology.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"112"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11462128/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142395788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}