Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"Determinants of generalized trust: Economic, Institutional, and personal factors.","authors":"Jorge Soria Ruiz-Ogarrio, Jorge Moya Velasco, Carlos Estevez Mendoza, Josep Navarro-Ortiz","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.22835.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.22835.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Generalised trust matters for social cohesion, economic exchange and institutional life, but there is still disagreement about the conditions under which it emerges. This article studies whether the same economic, institutional and personal factors are linked to three forms of trust, namely trust in most people, trust in people met for the first time and trust in neighbours.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The analysis uses individual data from the seventh wave of the World Values Survey, collected from 2018 to 2022, together with national economic and institutional indicators. The final models cover 49 countries. Trust in most people is estimated with a binary probit model, while trust in people met for the first time and trust in neighbours are estimated with ordered probit models. The main estimates use standard errors clustered by country and are compared with mixed-effects models, correlated random effects models and linear specifications.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Income inequality is the country-level factor most consistently linked to lower trust, and this association appears in the three trust domains. At the individual level, personal income, age, gender and education are also associated with trust. Education follows a curved pattern, with lower trust at intermediate levels and higher trust again among those with the highest education levels. National income is positively associated with trust in most people and in people met for the first time, but not clearly with trust in neighbours. Institutionalised democracy shows some evidence of a possible substitution between formal institutions and neighbourhood trust, although this result is not stable in all models. Religious importance is associated with lower trust in most people but higher trust in neighbours. Religious tolerance is positively related to trust, mainly through differences between countries rather than differences between individuals within the same country.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Trust should not be treated as a single attitude with the same determinants in every context. Some factors, especially inequality and personal income, are linked to trust across several domains, while others depend on the social distance between the people involved. Policies aimed at strengthening trust therefore need to be clear about which type of trust they seek to build.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562996/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing factors driving blockchain technology in the performance of the banking sector using the structural equation modelling approach.","authors":"Pradip Sanatkumar Padhye, Dipak Santram Vakrani, Sushil Kumar Gupta, Jewel Kumar Roy, Neha Parashar","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.23147.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.23147.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The integration of blockchain technology (BCT) within the banking sector is transforming how organisations achieve operational efficiency and trust. However, the adoption of BCT in the Indian banking sector remains underexplored, particularly regarding organisational alignment and performance. This study explores the critical factors of technology and organisation influencing the adoption of blockchain and its effects on banking performance, with a distinct interest in the moderating effects of IT alignment. Also, to explore whether perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use act as mediators between blockchain technology and banking performance. Using the Technology-Organisation-Environment (TOE) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), data were collected from 326 professionals working in prominent Indian banks and FinTech companies. Analysis of the relationships was conducted with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results of this study show that technology readiness significantly influences both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, while the regulatory environment significantly affects perceived usefulness. Furthermore, IT alignment significantly moderates the relationship between blockchain technology and business performance, and perceived usefulness serves as a significant mediator, whereas perceived ease of use does not significantly mediate this relationship. The study provides a theoretical contribution by incorporating the TAM and TOE models in a banking context and serves to inform practitioners by providing insights into blockchain adoption strategies in Indian financial institutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601790/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MSCA HOPE - Physical education in hospital schools: A protocol paper for systematic and umbrella reviews with policy framework analysis.","authors":"Simone Ciaccioni, Caterina Pesce, Valentin Benzing, Mirko Schmidt, Paula Magalhães, Pedro Rosário, Luciana Pedrosa Leal, Cleide Maria Pontes, Livia Oddi, Filippo Betello, Slaviša Bradić, Laura Capranica","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.23993.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.23993.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hospital school programs support educational continuity for children and adolescents during hospitalization, but the provision of physical education (PE) remains inconsistent and is rarely addressed by unified standards. This protocol aims to describe the methods for three complementary components designed to synthesise evidence on PE and related movement interventions in hospital settings and to map the policy frameworks governing PE provision in hospital schools. Tier 1 is an umbrella review of existing systematic reviews on physical activity interventions for hospitalised youth. Tier 2 is a systematic review of primary studies examining PE in hospital-school settings. For Tier 2, PE is operationally defined as a planned movement-based learning experience with an explicit educational purpose that is formally integrated into the hospital-school program or involves educational staff in its planning, delivery or assessment. Therapeutic exercise, rehabilitation and active play without this educational connection will be excluded from Tier 2, although they may be represented in Tier 1. A parallel policy framework analysis will identify and compare relevant laws, regulations, curricula, strategies and guidelines. Separate search strategies will be used for each component across health, education, sport and policy sources, without language or date restrictions. Narrative synthesis will be the primary approach. Meta-analysis will be considered only when at least three independent studies are sufficiently comparable in population, intervention, design, outcome construct and assessment time point. Priority synthesis will distinguish implementation/process evidence from effectiveness outcomes. Safety, implementation and educational participation will be synthesised primarily using narrative, qualitative and mixed-method approaches, whereas physical functioning and psychosocial well-being will be prioritised for quantitative effect synthesis and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) when sufficiently comparable evidence is available. The planned reviews are intended to clarify the available evidence and policy landscape and may inform subsequent guideline development for PE in hospital schools. PROSPERO registration: CRD420251156215.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562943/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mapping the adoption of artificial intelligence in urban mobility.","authors":"Meng Cai","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.23222.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.23222.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Urban transportation systems are undergoing a critical transformation driven by advances in artificial intelligence (AI). Despite many technical and theoretical discussions of AI technologies and a few case studies of AI implementation in selected cities, there remains a large gap in our knowledge about the landscape of the adoption of AI in urban mobility. This study addresses this gap by asking: where, when, how, and for which modes is AI being integrated into urban mobility across Europe? By systematically searching authoritative and publicly available data sources, i.e., the EU Urban Mobility Observatory and official city websites, complemented by manual content analysis, this work documents the geographic distribution, temporal trends, use cases, and transportation modes of AI adoption. As of the end of 2025, the analysis identified 107 AI deployments across 82 cities in 22 European countries. It shows a clear acceleration in adoption after 2022. The deployments fall into eight broad categories: infrastructure condition monitoring, traffic monitoring and analytics, vehicle automation, traffic signal control, public-facing digital services, parking management, transport service operations, and violation detection. In terms of transport mode, adoption is road-centric, with road applications accounting for 89% of recorded cases, while rail, air, waterborne, and cross-modal deployments are relatively rare. The compiled data are openly available online. This work is among the first efforts to establish an empirical base for assessing the prevalence of AI in urban mobility. It aims to provide urban planners, policymakers, and researchers with a better understanding of current AI adoption practices in the European context.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562952/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Q-LEASE: Lifecycle-bound zero-trust authorization for HPC-to-QPU job handoffs.","authors":"Fouad Ailabouni, Jesús-Ángel Román-Gallego","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.24782.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.24782.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Zero-Trust access control for cloud APIs is well established, but hybrid High-Performance Computing (HPC)-to-Quantum Processing Unit (QPU) workflows have a lifecycle existing mechanisms were not built for: a job queues for minutes to days, is dispatched, executes, and only then releases results, while identity, policy, and hardware calibration state can change throughout. Existing token, proof-of-possession, and workload-identity mechanisms do not separate permission to queue from permission to execute, nor bind authorization to current hardware state.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We designed and implemented Q-LEASE, a two-capability protocol separating a Queue Admission Ticket from a single-use Execution Capability bound to a circuit hash, backend identity, and calibration epoch, re-evaluated by a real Open Policy Agent (OPA) engine immediately before dispatch. The prototype uses real Ed25519/PASETO tokens, DPoP-style proof-of-possession, SPIFFE-shaped workload identity, and a phase-aware revocation state machine, deployed as six containerised services on a Kubernetes ( kind) cluster with Kueue-driven queueing. We compared Q-LEASE against four representative baselines across 16 attack/failure scenarios (2400 attack trials, 500 clean trials), and verified core safety properties with TLA+/TLC and token-flow security with the Tamarin prover.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Q-LEASE blocked 90.0% of unauthorized-execution attempts (95% confidence interval (CI) 87.0-92.4%), versus 12.5-37.9% for the four baselines. The remaining gap came from queue/execution separation and circuit/backend/calibration-epoch binding, which no baseline implements. Both TLA+ safety properties held, and all five Tamarin lemmas were proved automatically. Q-LEASE's mean policy-decision latency was 44.3 ms, approximately 34.4 ms higher than the baselines, with no measurable increase in end-to-end workflow completion time relative to a real, contention-driven queue wait, while running against a real Kueue-admitted workload on a real cluster.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Separating queue admission from execution authorization, and binding it to hardware state re-checked immediately before dispatch, closes a gap that composing existing OAuth-family mechanisms does not, at a latency cost small relative to realistic QPU queue waits.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13658992/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149186773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil health and microbial diversity across land-use types: Evidence for agroecological management in peri-urban areas.","authors":"Caterina A M La Porta, Edoardo Marchi, Gemma Chiaffarelli, Ilda Vagge, Valentina Vaglia, Pietro De Marinis, Stefano Zapperi, Stefano Bocchi","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.22066.4","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.22066.4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Land-use change profoundly influences soil microbial communities, yet its impacts on richness and diversity remain incompletely resolved across taxa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Here, we characterized fungal and bacterial communities in soils from four contrasting land-use types-including crop, reforested, agroforestry, and uncultivated land-located in the same pedoclimatic conditions, using high-throughput amplicon sequencing of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes. We quantified species richness and Shannon diversity and examined their relationships with key physicochemical parameters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Our results reveal that fungal and bacterial communities responded differently to land-use management. Fungal richness was highest in reforested soils, whereas bacterial richness was more uniformly distributed across land uses. Shannon diversity showed greater sensitivity than richness, suggesting that differences in the distribution of relative abundances among taxa contributed substantially to the observed patterns. Multivariate ordinations and correlation analyses further demonstrated that soil properties such as pH, total nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity were significant drivers of microbial community composition and diversity patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study provides new empirical evidence of how land management shapes biodiversity and informs strategies for enhancing soil health and ecosystem potential resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13555044/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Stakeholder Engagement Activities in a Horizon Europe Multi-Actor Project: Evidence from KijaniSpace.","authors":"Tuula-Maija Löytty","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.23950.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.23950.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Stakeholder engagement is increasingly recognised as an important component of digital agriculture and climate-smart innovation projects. However, communication, consultation, co-design and collaboration activities are often implemented separately, without a common analytical structure for examining how they relate during project implementation.</p><p><strong>Case study: </strong>This article presents a retrospective descriptive case study of stakeholder engagement in KijaniSpace, a Horizon Europe project using Copernicus Earth Observation and Internet of Things technologies to support climate-smart agriculture and aquaculture in the Lake Victoria Basin. Stakeholder engagement activities were planned as operational project tasks within the Horizon Europe multi-actor approach but were not originally conceptualised as components of a unified framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study analysed stakeholder mapping datasets, project deliverables, workshop and ideation reports, and communication and dissemination records. Activities were classified according to their primary objective, interaction format and intended stakeholder role. Drawing on the IAP2 Spectrum of Public Participation, Agricultural Innovation Systems, living lab research and multi-actor innovation literature, the activities were organised into four analytical categories: Inform, Consult, Involve and Collaborate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Activities corresponding to all four categories were identified. Inform activities supported awareness and access to project information. Consult activities generated contextual knowledge on stakeholder needs, barriers and regional priorities. Involve activities created opportunities for problem definition, ideation, co-design and participatory prioritisation. Collaborate activities addressed partnership development, governance dialogue, ecosystem coordination and continuity planning. The categories overlapped, and the evidence did not demonstrate sequential progression of individual stakeholders.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The KijaniSpace case shows how heterogeneous stakeholder engagement activities can be retrospectively organised through a common analytical framework. The framework is an interpretive classification structure rather than a validated methodology or measured progression model. It may support more transparent documentation and comparative analysis, while effects on trust, ownership, institutional embedding and long-term sustainability require longitudinal and participant-based research.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13616056/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149076991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Framing social policy preferences: A scoping review and research agenda.","authors":"Tijs Laenen","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.21596.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.21596.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article reviews over 160 studies that use survey experiments to analyze how framing affects citizens' social policy preferences. In doing so, it evaluates three theoretical perspectives: one suggesting that such preferences are extremely malleable, another emphasizing their stability due to deeply rooted predispositions, and a third arguing that framing effects are contingent on multiple factors. Overall, the scoping review finds strong support for the contingency view, showing that framing effects depend on characteristics of the frames, receivers, senders, and context. However, because existing research has predominantly focused on the characteristics of frame receivers, significant gaps remain in our understanding of how framing effects are shaped by other contingency factors. Most importantly, few studies have examined how these factors <i>interact</i> in shaping framing effects on social policy preferences. Accordingly, a novel research agenda is proposed, emphasizing the need to study these contingency factors not in isolation, but in combination.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"371"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13562995/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) guidelines for antimicrobial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use in bovine respiratory disease.","authors":"Karolina Scahill, Sébastien Buczinski, Clair L Firth, Bart Pardon, Maria Stokstad, Amelia R Woolums, Ramazan Yildiz, Lise Marie Ånestad, Mickael Cargnel, Luis Pedro Carmo, Pierre-Louis Toutain, Luca Guardabassi","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.24099.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.24099.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major cause of morbidity, mortality, impaired welfare, production loss, and antimicrobial use in cattle. These European Network for Optimization of Veterinary Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations for antimicrobial and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use in cattle with acute, undifferentiated BRD, balancing animal-level outcomes with antimicrobial stewardship.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Recommendations were developed using the GRADE approach and Evidence-to-Decision frameworks, following ENOVAT procedures and RIGHT reporting guidance. Evidence came from two prespecified systematic reviews and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials evaluating individual treatment of clinical BRD: one comparing antimicrobial classes head-to-head and one evaluating NSAIDs as adjunctive treatment or monotherapy. Metaphylaxis and prophylaxis were excluded. Certainty of evidence was assessed with GRADE. Panel judgments incorporated stakeholder-derived thresholds for clinically meaningful differences in short-term therapeutic failure, defined as need for antimicrobial re-treatment, and a merged stewardship perspective based on WHO antimicrobial importance and EMA AMEG categories.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across antimicrobial comparisons, no class showed a clinically meaningful advantage in reducing short-term re-treatment sufficient to override stewardship considerations. The panel conditionally suggests penicillin G, oxytetracycline, or florfenicol as first-line empirical treatment, guided by local susceptibility data, herd treatment history, product authorization, withdrawal periods, and suspicion of <i>Mycoplasmopsis bovis</i> infection. Macrolides are conditionally suggested as second-line treatment, preferably guided by culture and susceptibility testing or documented treatment failure. Fluoroquinolones are recommended against as primary or secondary treatment, except in exceptional, justified circumstances consistent with regulations. Adding NSAIDs to antimicrobials did not meaningfully reduce antimicrobial re-treatment; the panel recommends against NSAID use for this specific purpose. Evidence was insufficient to recommend for or against NSAIDs for welfare-related outcomes or as antimicrobial substitutes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These guidelines prioritize effective BRD treatment while reducing unnecessary use of higher-priority antimicrobials. Local adoption or adaptation using GRADE-ADOLOPMENT is recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"296"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13601791/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149066296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EUPopLink Country report - Estonia.","authors":"Pavlína Kutnarová","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.24028.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.24028.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report examines the relationship between populism and Euroscepticism in Estonia, a country characterised by strong and long-standing support for European integration. Estonia's pro-European orientation has been shaped by the historical narrative of a \"return to Europe,\" security concerns, and the close connection between EU membership and national identity. Despite this broad consensus, several political parties express Eurosceptic and populist tendencies. The analysis focuses on EKRE, Fatherland, the Estonian Centre Party, Together, and Right-wingers. Among them, EKRE emerges as the most prominent Eurosceptic-populist actor, combining nationalist and anti-establishment rhetoric with criticism of EU integration, particularly on sovereignty, migration, and climate policy. The findings show that Estonia remains relatively resilient to stronger Eurosceptic mobilisation, while EKRE maintains stable political support. Estonia thus represents a distinctive case of enduring pro-European consensus coexisting with a limited but persistent Eurosceptic opposition.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"212"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560859/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}