Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"The European Open Science Cloud as a common good Potentials and limitations of this endeavour.","authors":"Anna Bertelli, Melania Acciai, Giorgio Rossi","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19170.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19170.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is envisioned as a transformative platform for advancing Open Science, aimed at benefiting a diverse array of stakeholders, including researchers, innovators, institutions, and the broader public. To fully harness EOSC's potential as a common good, capable of delivering services to the research community such to potentially transform the way scientific production and communication is done, we address critical barriers that may actually restrict the equitable access and the optimal use of such services. In particular, we emphasize that key resources as required to access and exploit EOSC's advanced FAIR-data services - such as data-processing algorithms - are, in fact, intrinsically limited and the access will be competitive. Governance and funding of EOSC present challenges associated with its effective openness in terms of accessibility to resources for its advanced exploitation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"19"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11824896/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143434547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Global language geography and language history: challenges and opportunities.","authors":"Matthias Urban","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18421.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18421.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While it has almost become a truism of comparative linguistics that linguistic diversity is unevently distributed across the globe, the reasons are poorly understood up to the present day. Linguists are thus in the embarassing situation that they do not understand significant regularities in the way the objects of their study -languages- pattern. In this essay, I explore three interrelated strands of thought to create a perspective on the question that is different from those explored so far: first, I suggest that instead of looking at present-day levels of diversity statically, we should take an approach that looks into how these distributions were generated. Related to this point and in contradistinction to extant work, second, I advocate an inductive approach that departs from qualitative case studies that inform theory-building. Third, I ponder that, in contrast to the traditional focus of historical linguistics on language diversification and expansion, understanding how the ranges of languages are reduced might be the key missing piece of evidence in a global theory of language diversity and its genesis. This new perspective is also able to address the striking correlation between linguistic and biological diversity that suggest that the processes that created and maintain both are, on some level, qualitatively similar.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"213"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11612551/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142775410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transformative social innovation and rural collaborative workspaces: assembling community economies in Austria and Greece.","authors":"Colm Stockdale, Vasilis Avdikos","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.18007.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.18007.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collaborative Workspaces are rapidly growing and evolving across the world. Traditionally understood as an urban phenomenon, most research understands them as either 'entrepreneurial-led', as profit-driven and commercial spaces such as business incubators and accelerators, or 'community-led' as being bottom-up, not-for-profit ventures aimed at catering for the needs of their community. Recent years however have seen their diffusion beyond large urban agglomerations to small towns and villages, with their functions assumed to be more community-orientated. At the same time, social innovation, or social innovation processes have been gaining prominence in academia, policy, and practice, as they address societal problems and hold potential for new forms of social relations. This paper attempts to provide a novel framework towards understanding the transformative potential of rural collaborative workspaces, as they engage in processes of social innovation, by drawing from diverse and community economies literature and assemblage thinking.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The paper uses international case study comparison between rural Austria and Greece (One case from each country). Methods applied were: semi-structured interviews (N=28), participant observation and focus groups (2).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Community-led rural collaborative workspaces hold transformative potential from i) their ability to assist rural actors with their capacities and realizing their desires and ii) changing individual subjectivities towards collective. Through changing social relations in praxis and perceptions, we examine how social innovation processes through collaborative workspaces can be understood as a means of opening new economic subjectivities towards creating community economies as their transformative potential.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although rural collaborative workspaces hold potential for societal transformation, they require further institutionalization and support to move beyond the interstitial and symbiotic stages of transformation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757924/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Relationship between <i>Blastocystis</i> infection and clinical outcomes: A scoping review protocol.","authors":"Varol Tunali, Blin Nagavci, David Carmena, Lucy J Robertson, Funda Doğruman Al, Eleni Gentekaki, Anastasios D Tsaousis","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.19281.1","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.19281.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Blastocystis</i>, a common protist in the human gastrointestinal tract, exhibits substantial genetic diversity and has been linked to varying clinical outcomes. However, its role in human health remains debated, with studies suggesting both commensal and pathogenic interactions. This scoping review aims to systematically map the existing evidence on the association between <i>Blastocystis</i> presence and human clinical outcomes. Herein, we present our proposed protocol, where, using systematic search methods, studies will be identified from multiple databases, focusing on diagnostic procedures, clinical outcomes, and treatment options. Findings will provide a comprehensive evidence map, highlighting knowledge gaps and guiding future research. The resulting data is intended to inform clinical and public health perspectives on <i>Blastocystis</i> and its potential implications for human health.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11862357/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143517328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using citizen science for the energy transition: Research on the tenant electricity model in Germany.","authors":"Johannes Baumann, Marcela Noreña, Pia Wieser","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17722.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.17722.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The research within the Citizen Science (CS) project on tenant electricity focused on an inclusive research approach by involving actors such as citizen scientists (CSs), scientists, policymakers, and the private sector. The main objective was to jointly explore the barriers and drivers for and motivations to participate in the tenant electricity model in Germany, and to identify behavioural changes (based on the energy culture concept) of the CSs by being involved in local electricity production and consumption.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The CS project adopted a mixed-method approach, combining qualitative data analysis from workshops with quantitative data from an energy consumption monitoring scheme and a panel survey on energy-related practices.Results and conclusions: Identified barriers for the tenant electricity model encompassing both structural (e.g. model complexity) and inherent challenges (lack of information). Drivers for scaling up include the reduction of the complexity and bureaucratic hurdles of the model as well as regulations and financial incentives and targeted information to relevant actors.The main motivation for participating in tenant electricity was sustainability and local production of electricity, while the electricity price played a minor role. Regarding changes in energy culture, the participation in tenant electricity led to a stronger exchange among neighbours about further sustainability options and to a higher interest in sustainability or society engagement.Feedback on regular consumption data was perceived by almost all participants as useful for further measures to save electricity. Electricity data collected from installed meters showed, on average, a reduction in consumption for more than half of the households compared to the start month of the research period.Further, a cluster analysis was conducted to identify different profiles and gain deeper understanding of the characteristics of CSs. In total five clusters were identified, with differences in energy consumption patterns, energy efficient appliances, knowledge about energy consumption, and changes in energy practices.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11883211/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143574987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"European agrifood and forestry education for a sustainable future - Gap analysis from an informatics approach.","authors":"Stephen Burleigh, Håkan Jönsson","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17205.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17205.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The NextFood Project ( www.nextfood-project.eu) started work in 2018 to identify 'Categories of Skills' that students should be equipped with to address the upcoming global challenges within agrifood and forestry disciplines. The skill groups are Innovative Mindset, Life-Long Learning, Network-Building, Strategic Management, Sustainability, Systems Perspective, Technological Knowledge and Versatility. This study is based on the initial skills and competencies mapping, but takes a different methodological approach. Instead of investigating what the research literature and professionals think are important skills for the future, this study asks how existing education programmes include or exclude these skills in the description of their programs.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Python-based web-scraping scripts were used to collect texts from a selection of European Masters program websites, which were then analysed using statistical tools including Partial Least Squares regression and network analysis. A total of 14 countries, 27 universities, 1303 European Masters programs, 3305 web-pages and almost two million words were studied using this approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>While agrifood and forestry Masters programs were aligned with the NextFood Project 'Categories of Skills' equal to or more often than unrelated Masters programs, we found evidence for the relative underuse of words associated with networking skills, such as collaboration, communication and eamwork. Agriculture-related programs used these words the least among the agrifood Masters programs. In contrast, agrifood programs used words associated with sustainability and system thinking more than the non-agrifood Masters programs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The informatics approach provides evidence that many European agrifood and forestry Masters programs are following the educational paths for meeting future challenges as outlined by the NextFood Project, with the possible exception of networking skills. This approach allows a complementary and time-efficient overview of the current state of education in the agrifood system in Europe.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11757921/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143048485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What's in it for citizen scientists? An Analysis of Participant Inclusivity in Citizen Science Projects in Advanced Physics Research.","authors":"Elisabeth Unterfrauner, Claudia Magdalena Fabian, Gary Hemming, Beatriz Garcia","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17436.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17436.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Citizen science projects optimise the democratisation of the production of scientific knowledge. In these initiatives, research processes do not rely solely on scientists' but on citizens' engagement, likewise with benefits on both sides. As previous work shows, the inclusivity perspective of citizen science projects might be viewed critically as some groups of citizens tend to be overrepresented in these initiatives while others are left out. This paper explores the claim of inclusivity and the citizens' benefits based on four citizen science projects in the fields of astrophysics and particle physics on the citizen science platform Zooniverse. Besides a general engagement strategy, the citizen science projects addressed two groups specifically, the elderly and people with visual impairments. The claim for inclusivity is reflected in the analysis of citizens' demographic variables as an indicator for accessibility of the research projects. We used a pre-post design with questionnaires on science attitudes, motivations, skills, self-efficacy, and knowledge to assess what citizen scientists gained from participating in the project. The demographic analysis of the data reveals that participants were quite heterogeneous and that people who feel that they belong to a group that is discriminated against are particularly motivated to participate in citizen science projects. In terms of benefits, the results indicate knowledge and scientific skills gains, but no changes on other evaluative dimensions. Their attitude towards science was, in general, already rather positive when joining the projects, thus not leaving much room for change. These results confirm the importance of and call for a diversified citizen science engagement strategy and show that even in citizen science projects where the citizens' task is limited to classifying data lead to scientific knowledge and skills gains.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11549546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142634242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) science: Probing the transient and time-variable sky.","authors":"John Orlowski-Scherer, Thomas Maccarone, Joe Bright, Tomasz Kamiński, Michael Koss, Atul Mohan, Francisco Miguel Montenegro-Montes, Sigurd Næss, Claudio Ricci, Paola Severgnini, Thomas Stanke, Cristian Vignali, Sven Wedemeyer, Mark Booth, Claudia Cicone, Luca Di Mascolo, Doug Johnstone, Tony Mroczkowski, Martin Cordiner, Jochen Greiner, Evanthia Hatziminaoglou, Eelco van Kampen, Pamela Klaassen, Minju Lee, Daizhong Liu, Amélie Saintonge, Matthew Smith, Alexander Thelen","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17686.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17686.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The study of transient and variable events, including novae, active galactic nuclei, and black hole binaries, has historically been a fruitful path for elucidating the evolutionary mechanisms of our universe. The study of such events in the millimeter and submillimeter is, however, still in its infancy. Submillimeter observations probe a variety of materials, such as optically thick dust, which are hard to study in other wavelengths. Submillimeter observations are sensitive to a number of emission mechanisms, from the aforementioned cold dust, to hot free-free emission, and synchrotron emission from energetic particles. Study of these phenomena has been hampered by a lack of prompt, high sensitivity submillimeter follow-up, as well as by a lack of high-sky-coverage submillimeter surveys. In this paper, we describe how the proposed Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) could fill in these gaps in our understanding of the transient universe. We discuss a number of science cases that would benefit from AtLAST observations, and detail how AtLAST is uniquely suited to contributing to them. In particular, AtLAST's large field of view will enable serendipitous detections of transient events, while its anticipated ability to get on source quickly and observe simultaneously in multiple bands make it also ideally suited for transient follow-up. We make theoretical predictions for the instrumental and observatory properties required to significantly contribute to these science cases, and compare them to the projected AtLAST capabilities. Finally, we consider the unique ways in which transient science cases constrain the observational strategies of AtLAST, and make prescriptions for how AtLAST should observe in order to maximize its transient science output without impinging on other science cases.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11754950/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143030380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the need to better integrate the social environment in research on climate change and health: recommendations and thinking tools.","authors":"Laurence Mabile, Lola Neufcourt, Matthew Chersich, Valériane Leroy, Cyrille Delpierre, Michelle Kelly-Irving","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17528.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17528.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Social inequality impacts health, is aggravated by the consequences of climate change, and may be influenced by inappropriate policy responses. These interdependent effects create a self-perpetuating loop exacerbating the impact of climate dysregulation on health in an uncontrolled and poorly understood way. Holistic approaches to public health such as One Health, EcoHealth or Planetary Health are well suited to tackling the considerable and complex environmental and social issues underlying climate dysregulation. However, the extent to which research using such frameworks investigates social determinants of health is not clear. In this paper we discuss the ways in which the social environment has so far been considered in the literature to problematize and analyze the relationship between climate dysregulation and health within holistic frameworks and provide tools and recommendations to facilitate their apprehension. Social factors are investigated empirically only in a minor fraction of studies addressing the relation between climate and health in holistic frameworks, and not systematically. Barriers to such approaches are discussed. This work also provides two analytical tools (a process diagram and a knowledge framework) and a set of recommendations to help include the social environment more meaningfully in such frameworks. They are meant to facilitate our understanding of the current status of this type of research and to encourage trans-disciplinary and trans-sectorial endeavors towards directions which need to be taken to ensure societal factors and inequalities are placed at the center of research on climate and health and the ensuing policy response.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11736555/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143017891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evidence-based exercise recommendations to improve functional mobility in older adults - A study protocol for living systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Bettina Wollesen, Tamar Yellon, Antoine Langeard, Vera Belkin, Anna Wunderlich, Eleftheria Giannouli, Guoping Qian, Rafael A Bernades, Zbigniew Ossowski, Uros Marusic, Rajesh Sighdel, Yael Netz, Claudia Volecker-Rehage","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.17823.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.17823.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objectives: </strong>This is a protocol for a living systematic review and meta-analysis.This review will assess the effects of state-of-the-art exercise interventions designed to promote functional mobility. Therefore, after identifying all potential interventions, we will use the F.I.T.T. principles (frequency, intensity, time, type) as well as the physical and health status of the participants as moderators to analyse the mechanisms for the positive benefits of exercise interventions.The main research questions are:Which exercise types are most beneficial for improving functional mobility in various populations of older adults?Which physical exercise characteristics in terms of frequency, intensity, time and duration will achieve the greatest benefit in terms of the defined outcomes, i.e, the functional mobility of older adults?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The systematic literature research according to PRISMA guidelines will search databases like MEDLINE, APA Psych-Info and Web of Science.Inclusion criteria are: healthy older people ≥ 50 years, randomized-controlled trials including exercise intervention and a walking or mobility assessments (eg., TUG, SPPB) as an outcome measure. A preliminary search revealed more than 33,000 hits that will be screened by pairs of independent reviewers. The results will be summarized according to the effects regarding functional mobility and potential dose-response relations via respective meta-analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The systematic review will comprise the knowledge of the existing literature with regards to the effects of the physical activity interventions compared to an active or inactive control group.We will summarize the effects with respect to the F.I.T.T.. They provide a foundation for structuring an optimal exercise training program. If possible, we will also compare interventions from the different categories (eg. cardiovascular, resistance, motor-coordinative, multicomponent or mind-body exercise) as a network analysis and report the influence of moderator variables. Based on the results evidence-based guidelines following GRADE for physical exercise interventions to improve functional mobility in older adults will be provided.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"4 ","pages":"202"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-01-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11770255/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143054494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}