Open research Europe最新文献

{"title":"The Network of National COVID-19 Data Portals: public health equity through collaboration.","authors":"Marianna Ventouratou, Liane Hughes, Katarina Öjefors Stark, Johan Rung, Natalia Koralewska, Marzena Ciechomska, Krzysztof Kurowski, Cezary Mazurek, Eva Alloza, Alberto Hornos-Vidal, Salvador Capella-Gutierrez, Robin Navest, Erik Hjerde, Aitana Neves, Colman O'Cathail, Alfonso Valencia, Henning Hermjakob, Matt Pearce, Manish Kumar, Nadim Rahman, Carla Cummins, Guy Cochrane","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20059.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20059.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The network of the national COVID-19 Data Portals was developed and linked to the COVID-19 Data Portal (https://www.covid19dataportal.org/)inresponsetothe need for rapid data sharing and analysis during the 2020-2022 SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Built on open-source code developed by the Swedish COVID-19 Data Portal (now the Swedish Pathogens Portal, www.pathogens.se) the network included 12 national portals addressing demand for local open data sharing and access, across data types and resources. It provides a robust case study of national initiatives for FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) resources and a foundation for future pandemic preparedness across pathogens globally. In this paper we outline the structure of the origins of the network of National COVID-19 Datal Portals, the technical aspects and code originating from the Swedish Portal and provide an overview of the services and tools offered by each Portal. The paper showcases the process and operation of four Portals: Sweden, Poland, Spain, Norway and The Netherlands. <i>In this study, we observe that pandemic response greatly benefits from an established infrastructure that can be quickly mobilised, developed and extended. Collaborations and preparation built on solid foundations over several years, supported by investment in the form of national and international research grants, is key for sustainability, continuation and readiness to deploy such efforts.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560843/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957385","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Towards a sustainable astronomical data infrastructure: Optimising linking data from the Rucio datalake to the users areas within the SKA Regional Centres Network.","authors":"Manuel Parra-Royón, Julián Garrido-Sánchez, Susana Sánchez-Expósito, Laura Darriba-Pol, Jesús Sánchez-Castañeda, M Ángeles Mendoza, Jeremy Coles, Sean McConkey, Rohini Joshi, Rob Barnsley, Jesús Salgado, Lourdes Verdes-Montenegro","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.22118.3","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.22118.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The distributed architecture of the SKA Regional Centre Network (SRCNet) aims to provide scientific communities worldwide with efficient computational and storage resources to exploit the massive data volumes produced by the SKA Observatory (SKAO). Given the amount of SKAO data, traditional data management paradigms - where data is transferred to computational resources- are no longer feasible. Instead, computational workflows must increasingly be relocated closer to data storage locations, emphasizing efficient data access strategies and avoiding unnecessary duplication or redundancy. In this context, we present PrepareData, a modular and extensible data delivery service developed within SRCNet prototyping activities. Our proposal for this service addresses the critical challenge of redundant data transfers and duplication at both node and user levels by enabling seamless delivery of requested datasets from local Rucio Storage Elements (RSEs) directly into users' working environments. PrepareData operates as a local service within each SRCNet node and it is integrated into a broader ecosystem of federated services. Specifically, we designed and evaluated two distinct yet complementary implementations to avoid unnecessary data duplication and to enable a dynamic data bridge between the RSEs and the user storage areas, through: (1) a filesystem-based solution leveraging CephFS, which uses shared filesystem mount points and bind mounts to ensure consistent and immediate data availability of the data across computational nodes, and (2) a Kubernetes model using Persistent Volumes and Persistent Volume Claims, dynamically injecting data into a user's areas. To tackle this work, we detail the architectural design and development, the technical implementation, the integration of both solutions with science-enabling tools such as JupyterHub, CARTA, or virtually any application, and, finally, we present a trade-off analysis based on operational preparation times, data-access implications, and orchestration overheads. This contribution provides a scalable and sustainable blueprint for data delivery in federated scientific infrastructures, supporting the broader goals of green computing and efficient resource utilisation.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13231140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148165944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detecting FIMI: A methodological framework for testing OSINT tools in TTPs detection.","authors":"Konstantinos Margaros, Theodoros Paparrigopoulos, Georgios Giataganas, Orfeas Filippopoulos, Nikolaos Georgiou, Oleksandr Manzhai, Panagiota Benekou","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.21702.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.21702.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Foreign Information Manipulation and Interference (FIMI) represents a growing hybrid threat targeting democratic processes, social cohesion, and diaspora communities. Detecting it requires identifying underlying tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs) described in frameworks such as DISARM, AMITT, and MITRE ATT&CK. Although many open-source intelligence (OSINT) tools exist, their evaluation remains fragmented and lacks methodological standardisation. This article presents a framework for testing OSINT tools for TTP detection, developed within the Horizon Europe project RESONANT.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The methodology integrates three components: a structured multi-source collection of OSINT tools informed by academic, operational, and grey literature; a controlled, mixed-source evaluation corpus of project-prepared examples, public reference material, and selected third-party datasets across text, multimedia, network and infrastructure analysis; and controlled testing by law enforcement partners from Greece and Ukraine. Tools were classified into eight categories and evaluated using predefined indicators of accuracy, usability, interoperability, coverage of adversarial behaviours, and sustainability.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Several content-verification and multimedia-forensics tools performed well on the retained material, and infrastructure-level tools gave useful indicators; these are time-bound descriptive observations, not general rankings. Exact case-level replication is limited, as the package does not preserve the full CT-A/CT-B mapping, run-level outputs, denominators, or configurations. Social media analytics and bot-detection tools were least stable under platform API restrictions. Shortcomings recurred in multilingual processing, interoperability, explainability, and integration into threat-intelligence formats.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study offers a transferable methodology for evaluating OSINT tools in the context of FIMI TTP detection. Combining a mixed-source corpus, structured testing, practitioner validation, and publication of the available material, it advances methodological transparency while clarifying the limits of both automated outputs and the retained replication record. The proposed tool suite is a layered decision-support baseline, not a verdict-producing system. Future work should expand multilingual and out-of-distribution testing, operationalise bias and explainability metrics, preserve run-level records, and pursue lawful access to platform data.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fostering creativity in engineering education: The CEDE project and the design of a European e-learning platform.","authors":"Cristina Prado-Acebo, Ana Ares-Pernas, Zuzana Palková, Hatice Uzuğ, Ramazan Kocatürk, Athanasios Angeioplastis, Alkiviadis Tsimpiris, Rossella Nocera, Antonio Sandoli","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.23240.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.23240.3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Engineering education increasingly requires creativity, critical thinking, digital competences, and problem-solving abilities alongside technical expertise. However, creativity remains insufficiently embedded in many engineering curricula. This study presents the Erasmus+ CEDE (Creative Engineering) project, which addresses this challenge through the development of a transnational framework aimed at fostering creativity and related transversal competences in engineering higher education.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study adopted a Design-Based Research approach that combined comparative curriculum analysis, collaborative instructional design, and iterative stakeholder validation. Engineering curricula from five European countries (Spain, Italy, Greece, Turkey and Slovakia) were analysed to identify how creativity and related competences are currently addressed. Based on these findings, the consortium co-designed the CEDE framework, consisting of five complementary modules delivered through a shared e-learning platform. The framework was subsequently evaluated through stakeholder round tables involving students, academics, university staff, professional associations, and industry representatives, whose feedback informed successive refinements of the modules and platform.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The comparative analysis revealed substantial differences in the integration of creativity-related competences across engineering programmes, with creativity frequently addressed only implicitly or fragmented across curricula. Stakeholder validation confirmed the relevance and potential applicability of the CEDE framework, while also identifying improvement areas, including stronger practice-oriented activities, enhanced assessment strategies incorporating peer evaluation and reflective approaches, reinforcement of competences, and flexible pathways for curricular integration. These findings informed the final refinement of the framework and its associated learning resources.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study contributes theoretically and practically to engineering education by proposing and empirically validating the CEDE framework, a transnational creativity-oriented model for the systematic integration of creativity, design thinking, digital thinking, and soft skills into engineering curricula. The results demonstrate the value of Design-Based Research for developing educational innovations that are evidence-informed and stakeholder-validated, offering a transferable framework for fostering creativity and transversal competences in diverse higher education contexts.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13650312/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149169102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The <i>'arżuḥāl</i>s of Sylvester, Patriarch of Antioch: Negotiating church affairs with the Sublime Porte in the first half of the 18th Century.","authors":"Radu Dipratu","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.23367.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.23367.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While persecutions endured by non-Muslims under the \"Turkish yoke\" still represent a common trope both in the public perception and in certain academic circles in Orthodox-majority countries today, recent scholarly work has offered more nuanced approaches to the history of the Orthodox Churches under Ottoman rule. Making use of the rich information provided by Ottoman archival sources, this paper examines several unpublished documents from the Ottoman Archives in Istanbul, representing petitions ( <i>'arżuḥāl</i> ) submitted by Sylvester, the Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch (1724-1766). It is no surprise that an important theme of these petitions concerned the conflict between the Orthodox and Catholic factions in Greater Syria, the latter being recently energised by the election of a separate patriarch in 1724, in the person of Cyril VI, and the establishment of an independent Melkite Greek Catholic Patriarchate. While previous studies have highlighted the crucial help that Sylvester received from the other Orthodox Patriarchs in Istanbul and Jerusalem in having his seat recognised by Ottoman authorities, the <i>'arżuḥāl</i>s examined in this paper showcase Sylvester's own agency in negotiating Church affairs with the Porte. Either demanding imperial commands to reinforce his election as patriarch or to prevent Orthodox Christians from converting to Catholicism and imprisoning his rivals, Sylvester made full use of his position in the Ottoman administrative apparatus by using state-sanctioned practices to solve inter-confessional struggles. The paper argues that the Ottoman Empire provided a legal and administrative framework in which Orthodox Churches were not merely compelled to function under duress, but one which they found advantageous and from which they sought legitimisation for their own factional struggles.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"132"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560867/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Twenty years of Europol strategic analysis and the harmonisation of EU criminal justice: A meta-analysis.","authors":"Georgios Pavlidis","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.24574.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.24574.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The objective of this scientific and research article is to conduct a meta-analysis of Europol's strategic intelligence over the past two decades. The analysis covers all relevant Europol assessments from the 2005 Organised Crime Report to the 2025 Serious and Organised Crime Threat Assessment. The article identifies a progressive transformation, since descriptive reporting has evolved into an intelligence-led and predictive analysis. This progressive transformation reflects a broader institutional shift in EU criminal policy as well. Moreover, the article explores how the successive iterations of Europol's threat assessments have functioned as soft law instruments and they have supported convergence in enforcement priorities and legal harmonisation. The originality of the article lies in the systematic and longitudinal comparison of relevant Europol reports (2005-2025), including an assessment of their epistemic and policy impact on EU criminal law. The findings of this article contribute to both academic debate and policy-making, because they demonstrate how strategic intelligence can become a driver of harmonisation and governance in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"279"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560729/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regime-Aware Federated Aggregation (RAFA) for privacy-preserving energy load forecasting across heterogeneous European grid clients.","authors":"Mahmoud Abbasi, Alfonso González Briones, Alesandro Gómez Villar, Javier Curto Hernández, Javier Prieto","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.24355.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.24355.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive energy forecasting. However, standard aggregation algorithms, most notably FedAvg and FedProx, assume stationary client data distributions, an assumption routinely violated in multi-national power grids where seasonal patterns, demand crises, and policy changes induce persistent regime shifts.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We present RAFA (Regime-Aware Federated Aggregation), a novel FL framework that explicitly detects and adapts to distribution shifts in client model updates without accessing raw client data. RAFA comprises three components. These are a Mahalanobis-distance detector operating on random-projected update vectors; reliability-weighted aggregation that exponentially discounts shifted clients while preserving exact FedAvg behaviour when no shift is detected; and always-on personalised head fine-tuning that adapts each client's final prediction layer to its local regime.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We validate RAFA on a new multi-national benchmark of six years (2019-2024) of hourly electrical load data for eight European bidding zones sourced from the ENTSO-E Transparency Platform. RAFA achieves a test MAE of 185.4 MW, an 11.8% improvement over FedAvg (210.2 MW), with by far the largest gain for the client exhibiting the strongest seasonal contrast (France, <math><mo>-</mo> <mn>30.5</mn> <mo>%</mo></math> ) and consistent improvements across the remaining clients (e.g., Portugal <math><mo>-</mo> <mn>7.6</mn> <mo>%</mo></math> , Poland <math><mo>-</mo> <mn>7.4</mn> <mo>%</mo></math> ). Ablation studies confirm both mechanisms contribute independently.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>RAFA provides a lightweight, privacy-preserving extension of standard federated aggregation that is robust to regime shifts in energy systems. The approach generalises to any federated setting with temporally non-stationary client distributions and a separable model architecture.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"228"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13627948/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149119777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EUPopLink Country report - Luxembourg.","authors":"Lisa Verhasselt","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.23514.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.23514.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This report examines the dynamics of populism and Euroscepticism in Luxembourg, focusing on the Alternative Democratic Reform Party (ADR) as the country's principal right-wing populist actor. Luxembourg exhibits a stable pro-European consensus shaped by its small size, economic reliance on EU integration, and absence of organized anti-EU interest groups. Public attitudes reflect this elite-driven pro-EU stance, with high levels of attachment and optimism toward the EU. The ADR, originally a single-issue pension reform party, has evolved into a soft right-wing populist force emphasizing pragmatic critiques of EU policies rather than advocating withdrawal. Its discourse combines vertical exclusion (people vs. elites) and horizontal exclusion (people vs. migrants), while adapting to Luxembourg's socio-economic context, particularly its highly integrated labor market and multicultural population. Mainstream parties respond adversarially to ADR initiatives when perceived as crossing political or ethical boundaries, yet occasional rhetorical adjustments suggest subtle accommodation of public concerns. Luxembourg thus illustrates a model of 'chameleonic populism,' where populist and Eurosceptic ideas are moderated and contextually tailored, highlighting the influence of structural and socio-political conditions on the expression of exclusionary politics in small, integrated states.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560812/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The rise and flaws of the mission machine: A historical critique of research success metrics since the 1960s.","authors":"Gabi Lombardo, Jonathan Deer, Poul Holm","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.20867.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.20867.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Science policy systems depend on indicators to ensure that vast sums of money are spent in a transparent and accountable way and to help deliver national level policy objectives of government. In this article, we investigate why and how the key accounting system, the Frascati manual was developed and maintained over time, despite being increasingly at variance with contemporary science policy objectives. The manual has undergone several updates and revisions but remains based on a set of parameters originally designed to measure research activity as it was performed and understood over 60 years ago. We argue that the manual is ill-equipped to capture fundamental changes in research resulting from breakthroughs in multidisciplinary approaches, digital technologies, and the co-creation of knowledge in partnerships in recent decades, and poorly equipped to measure the impact of the social and human sciences. In conclusion, science policy today is served by a systematically biased accounting system: in essence, a flawed Mission Machine.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"5 ","pages":"262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13598400/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149042761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Automated detection of freeze-thaw signatures in archaeological sediments using deep learning.","authors":"Sofia Kouki, Li Li, Vera Aldeias","doi":"10.12688/openreseurope.23697.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/openreseurope.23697.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Freeze-thaw processes leave diagnostic traces in archaeological soils and sediments that are central to reconstructing past climates and understanding hominin adaptations to glacial environments. Frost features can be defined through soil micromorphology techniques using well-defined diagnostic criteria, but these traces can be subtle, variably expressed, and overlap with other pedogenic processes, making their identification time-consuming, expert-dependent, and subject to high inter-observer variability.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We trained five convolutional neural network architectures on photomicrographs from eleven Plio-Pleistocene archaeological sites, implementing a two-stage classification approach by detecting first the presence of those features (binary classification) and then the feature type (multiclass classification), and validated model outputs against both interpretability analysis and a blind survey of practicing micromorphologists.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results reveal a performance paradox: models achieve high performance but rely on spurious correlations rather than diagnostic criteria, while models that focus on micromorphologically relevant features show lower overall performance. Expert agreement on the same task is low, with uncertainty concentrated in feature detection rather than classification. Crucially, model and expert errors are largely independent, and each captures different aspects of frost feature recognition, establishing a basis for complementarity.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings demonstrate that effective computational integration in micromorphology requires not only accurate classification but interpretability validation ensuring that model's reason from the same diagnostic criteria as experts. We propose a human-in-the-loop approach where models provide consistent first screening, while experts offer contextual interpretation and diagnostic validation. Additionally, we present an interactive open-access tool that implements this pipeline to facilitate adoption and repeatability.</p>","PeriodicalId":74359,"journal":{"name":"Open research Europe","volume":"6 ","pages":"144"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13560803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148957573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}